Token-ring networks, Wireless network

Half-duplex Ethernet

Generally, multiple stations in an Ethernet network show a single data path. Therefore, only one station may transmit data at a time. This is called half-duplex Ethernet. The station may transmit only or receive only, but not both simultaneously.

Full-duplex Ethernet

Full-duplex Ethernet enables stations to simultaneously send and receive data on the network, eliminating collisions. This is accomplished through the use of a full-duplex LAN switch. Ethernet switching splits a large Ethernet into smaller segments. Full-duplex Ethernet requires the following:

vTwisted-pair cable transmission medium

vEthernet network interface cards

vA full-duplex LAN switch

Full-duplex 10 Mbps ethernet has simultaneous 10 Mbps receiving and 10 Mbps sending paths.

Fast Ethernet

Fast Ethernet is a recently established standard (IEEE 802.3U) that increases Ethernet by operating speeds from 10 Mbps to 100, half or full duplex. AS/400 Ethernet adapters support 100BASE-TX network devices that use category 5 shielded and unshielded twisted-pair (STP, UTP) cable.

For more information, see Ethernet.

Token-ring networks

A token-ring network is one LAN topology that sends data in one direction throughout a specified number of locations by using the token. The token is the symbol of authority for control of the transmission line. This token allows any sending station in the network (ring) to send data when the token arrives at that location.

Stations in a token-ring network are physically connected, usually in a star-wired ring topology, to a wiring concentrator such as the IBM 8228 Multistation Access Unit. The concentrator serves as a logical ring around which data is transmitted at 4 million or 100 million bits per second (Mbps). Each station is connected to the concentrator typically by shielded twisted pair (STP) cabling.

Full-duplex token ring

In full-duplex token ring, which is also called DTR (dedicated token ring), switching hubs enable stations to send and receive data on the network simultaneously. A token-ring switching hub divides the network into smaller segments. When a station transmits its data packet, the token-ring switch reads the packet’s destination address information and forwards the data directly to the receiving station. The switch then establishes a dedicated connection between the two stations, enabling data to be transmitted and received at the same time. In full-duplex token ring, the token-passing protocol is suspended. The network in effect becomes a ’tokenless’ token ring. Full-duplex token ring increases sending and receiving bandwidth for connected stations, improving network performance.

For more information, see Token ring.

Wireless network

The more mobile your employees, the more you should consider a wireless network. The portable transaction computers (PTCs) make it possible for direct connection between the office and offsite locations.

The AS/400 wireless network is a LAN that uses a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol to provide media access to competing stations. AS/400 wireless communications use spread-spectrum, direct sequence radio in the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band to provide connectivity between

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AS/400 specifications

The IBM AS/400, now known as the IBM iSeries, is a midrange computer system that has been a cornerstone of enterprise computing since its introduction in 1988. Designed to provide a robust platform for business applications, the AS/400 is celebrated for its reliability, scalability, and integrated database capabilities.

One of the key features of the AS/400 is its Integrated Operating Environment, which blends hardware and software resources seamlessly. This integration allows businesses to execute diverse workloads, ranging from traditional applications to modern web-based services, all on a single platform. The operating system, OS/400 (now IBM i), offers a rich set of APIs and tools for developers, simplifying application development and management.

Another standout characteristic of the AS/400 is its built-in database, DB2 for i. This powerful relational database management system allows for efficient data handling and provides advanced features such as support for SQL, XML, and JSON, making it easier for businesses to manage their data and integrate it with other systems. The database's tight integration with the operating system enables high performance and security.

In terms of scalability, the AS/400 can accommodate small businesses as well as large enterprises, with the ability to support hundreds of users simultaneously. Its architecture allows for easy upgrades in hardware, meaning that organizations can scale their systems without replacing the entire infrastructure.

Security is another critical attribute of the AS/400. With a sophisticated security model, it offers built-in user authentication, access control, encryption, and auditing capabilities to protect data and applications from unauthorized access.

The AS/400 also supports multiple programming languages, including RPG, COBOL, Java, and PHP, giving organizations the flexibility to choose the development tools that best fit their needs. This diversity helps maintain legacy applications while also developing new ones that leverage modern technologies.

Moreover, the platform supports both traditional green-screen interfaces and modern graphical user interfaces, allowing organizations to transition smoothly into contemporary user experience paradigms.

Overall, the IBM AS/400 stands out as a resilient, flexible, and secure computing platform that enables organizations to effectively manage their business operations, streamline processes, and adapt to changing market demands. Its unique combination of integrated features and capabilities ensures that it remains relevant in today's fast-paced technology landscape.