Making Complex Measurements

Making Stimulus Response Measurements

Figure 2-3 Decrease the Resolution Bandwidth to Improve Sensitivity

10.You might notice a decrease in the displayed amplitude as the resolution bandwidth is decreased, (if the analyzer is an E7402A, E7403A, E7404A, or E7405A). This indicates the need for performing a tracking peak. Press Source, Tracking Peak. The amplitude should return to that which was displayed prior to the decrease in resolution bandwidth.

11.To make a transmission measurement accurately, the frequency response of the test system must be known. Normalization is used to eliminate this error from the measurement. To measure the frequency response of the test system, connect the cable (but not the DUT) from the tracking generator output to the analyzer input. Press Trace/View, More, Normalize, Store Ref (1→ 3), Normalize (On). The frequency response of the test system is automatically stored in trace 3 and a normalization is performed. This means that the active displayed trace is now the ratio of the input data to the data stored in trace 3. (The reference trace is Trace 3 with firmware revision A.04.00 and later)

When normalization is on, trace math is being performed on the active trace. The trace math performed is (trace 1 − trace 3 + the normalized reference position), with the result placed into trace 1. Remember that trace 1 contains the measurement trace, trace 3 contains the stored reference trace of the system frequency response, and normalized reference position is indicated by arrowheads at the edges of the graticule.

NOTE

Since the reference trace is stored in trace 3, changing trace 3 to

 

Clear Write will invalidate the normalization.

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Chapter 2

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Agilent Technologies E7401A, E7405A, E7402A, E7404A, E7403A manual Decrease the Resolution Bandwidth to Improve Sensitivity
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E7402A, E7405A, E7404A, E7401A, E7403A specifications

Agilent Technologies, a leader in test and measurement solutions, offers a range of spectrum analyzers designed to meet the evolving demands of the electronics industry. The E7403A, E7401A, E7404A, E7405A, and E7402A are prominent models that embody advanced features and technologies, enhancing performance, accuracy, and user experience.

The E7403A is recognized for its high-quality performance and wide frequency range. This model offers frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 3 GHz, making it suitable for both commercial and academic research applications. With a phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, it delivers exceptional sensitivity. The E7403A also features a built-in tracking generator, facilitating effective signal generation for testing.

Next in line, the E7401A provides similar frequency coverage but is optimized for portable functionality. Weighing significantly less than its counterparts, it is easy to transport, making it ideal for field applications. Users benefit from its fast sweep speed of up to 3 GHz, which is crucial in quickly identifying and analyzing signals.

The E7404A excels in its comprehensive analysis capabilities. With a frequency range extending up to 6 GHz, it supports more demanding applications, including wireless communications and satellite technology. Its advanced digital signal processing capabilities enable the analysis of complex modulated signals, providing engineers with the data needed to troubleshoot and optimize system performance.

The E7405A is a highly versatile model that offers frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 20 GHz. This wide frequency range, combined with high dynamic range, supports the testing of various electronic devices and systems. It features advanced measurement options including occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power, and sensitivity measurements, which are critical for compliance testing in communication systems.

Lastly, the E7402A is designed for users who require a spectrum analyzer with enhanced functionality at a competitive price. It reaches frequencies of up to 1.5 GHz, making it suitable for various applications including RF design, development, and manufacturing. Its user-friendly interface ensures that both novice and experienced users can navigate its features with ease.

In conclusion, Agilent Technologies' E7403A, E7401A, E7404A, E7405A, and E7402A spectrum analyzers provide a robust set of features tailored to meet diverse industry needs. Utilizing sophisticated technologies, these models ensure precise and efficient signal analysis, making them indispensable tools for engineers and researchers in the fast-paced world of electronics.
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