Making Basic Measurements

Making Noise Measurements

Noise Measurement Example 2:

The Normal marker can also be used to make a single frequency measurement as described in the previous example, again using video filtering or averaging to obtain a reasonably stable measurement. While video averaging automatically selects the sample display detection mode, video filtering does not. With sufficient filtering that results in a smooth trace, there is no difference between the sample and peak modes because the filtering takes place before the signal is digitized.

Be sure to account for the fact that the averaged noise is displayed approximately 2 dB too low for a noise bandwidth equal to the resolution bandwidth. Therefore, you must add 2 dB to the marker reading. For example, if the marker indicates –100 dBm, the actual noise level is –98 dBm.

Noise Measurement Example 3:

You may use adjustable markers to set the frequency span over which power is measured. The markers allow you to easily and conveniently select any arbitrary portion of the displayed signal for measurement.

However, while the analyzer does select the average (video/rms) display detection mode, you must set all of the other parameters.

1.Reset the analyzer by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).

2.Tune the analyzer to the frequency of 50 MHz. In this example we are using the amplitude reference signal. Press FREQUENCY, 50,

MHz.

3.Set the span to 100 kHz by pressing SPAN, 100, kHz.

4.Set the Y-Axis Units to dBm by pressing AMPLITUDE, More, Y-Axis Units, dBm.

5.Set the resolution bandwidth to 1 kHz by pressing BW/Avg,

Resolution BW, 1, kHz.

6.Set the reference level to − 20 dBm by pressing AMPLITUDE, Ref Level,

–20, dBm.

7.Set the input attenuator to 40 dB by pressing Attenuation, 40, dB.

8.Set the marker span to 40 kHz by pressing Marker, Span Pair (Span), 40, kHz.

The resolution bandwidth should be about 1 to 3% of the measurement (marker) span, 40 kHz in this example. The 1 kHz resolution bandwidth that the analyzer has chosen is fine. The video bandwidth should be ten times wider.

9.Set the video bandwidth to 10 kHz by pressing BW/Avg,

Video BW (Man), 10, kHz.

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Chapter 1

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Agilent Technologies E7402A, E7405A, E7404A, E7403A, E7401A manual MHz
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E7402A, E7405A, E7404A, E7401A, E7403A specifications

Agilent Technologies, a leader in test and measurement solutions, offers a range of spectrum analyzers designed to meet the evolving demands of the electronics industry. The E7403A, E7401A, E7404A, E7405A, and E7402A are prominent models that embody advanced features and technologies, enhancing performance, accuracy, and user experience.

The E7403A is recognized for its high-quality performance and wide frequency range. This model offers frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 3 GHz, making it suitable for both commercial and academic research applications. With a phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, it delivers exceptional sensitivity. The E7403A also features a built-in tracking generator, facilitating effective signal generation for testing.

Next in line, the E7401A provides similar frequency coverage but is optimized for portable functionality. Weighing significantly less than its counterparts, it is easy to transport, making it ideal for field applications. Users benefit from its fast sweep speed of up to 3 GHz, which is crucial in quickly identifying and analyzing signals.

The E7404A excels in its comprehensive analysis capabilities. With a frequency range extending up to 6 GHz, it supports more demanding applications, including wireless communications and satellite technology. Its advanced digital signal processing capabilities enable the analysis of complex modulated signals, providing engineers with the data needed to troubleshoot and optimize system performance.

The E7405A is a highly versatile model that offers frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 20 GHz. This wide frequency range, combined with high dynamic range, supports the testing of various electronic devices and systems. It features advanced measurement options including occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power, and sensitivity measurements, which are critical for compliance testing in communication systems.

Lastly, the E7402A is designed for users who require a spectrum analyzer with enhanced functionality at a competitive price. It reaches frequencies of up to 1.5 GHz, making it suitable for various applications including RF design, development, and manufacturing. Its user-friendly interface ensures that both novice and experienced users can navigate its features with ease.

In conclusion, Agilent Technologies' E7403A, E7401A, E7404A, E7405A, and E7402A spectrum analyzers provide a robust set of features tailored to meet diverse industry needs. Utilizing sophisticated technologies, these models ensure precise and efficient signal analysis, making them indispensable tools for engineers and researchers in the fast-paced world of electronics.
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