Agilent Technologies E7401A, E7402A, E7403A, E7404A, E7405A What is in This Chapter

8Chapter 1

Making Basic Measurements

What is in This Chapter

What is in This Chapter

This chapter demonstrates basic a nalyzer measurements with

examples of typical measurements; each measurement focuses on

different functions. The measurement procedures covered in this

chapter are listed below.

•“Comparing Signals” on page1 0.

•“Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude” on page 14.

•“Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals” on page18.

•“Making Better Frequency Measurements” on page22.

•“Decreasing the Frequency Span Around the Signal” on page24.

•“Tracking Drifting Signals” on page27.

•“Measuring Low Level Signa ls ” on page 34.

•“Identifying Distortion Products” on page 42.

•“Measuring Signal-to-Noise” on page49.

•“Making Noise Measurements” on page 51.

•“Demodulating AM Signals (Using the Analyzer As a Fixed Tuned

Receiver)” on page 59.

•“Demodulating FM Signals” on page 65.

To find descriptions of specific analyzer functions, refer to the Agilent

Technologies EMC Analyzers User’s Guide.

Contents

Main Signal Analysis Measurement Guide Agilent Technologies EMC Series Analyzers Notice Safety Information Warrant y LIMITATION OF WARRANTY EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES Where to Find the Latest Informa tion Page Contents Page What is in This Chapter Test Equ ipm ent Comparing Signals Signal Comparison Example 1: Page Signal Comparison Example 2: Page Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude Resolving Signals Example: Page Page Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals Resolving Signals Example: Page Page Making Better Frequency Measurements Better Frequency Measurement Example: Page Decreasing the Frequency Span Around the Signal Decreasing the Frequency Span Example: Page Page Tracking Drifting Signals Tracking Signal Drift Example 1: Page Page Tracking Signal Drift Example 2: Page Page Page Measuring Low Level Signals Measuring Low Level Signals Example 1: Page Measuring Low Level Signals Example 2: Measuring Low Level Signals Example 3: Page Measuring Low Level Signals Example 4: Page Page Identifying Distortion Products Distortion from the Analyzer Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion Example: Page Page Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Identifying TOI Distortion Example: Page Page Page Measuring Signal-to-Noise Signal-to-Noise Measurement Example: S/N 70 dB/Hz10 30 kHz()log+ 25.23 dB30 kHz()== Making Noise Measurements Noise Measurement Example 1: Page Page Page Page Noise Measurement Example 2: Noise Measurement Example 3: Page Page Demodulating AM Signals (Using the Analyzer As a Fixed Tuned Receiver) Demodulating an AM Signal Example 1: Page Page Page Page Page Demodulating FM Signals Demodulating a FM Signal Example: Page Page Page Page Whats in This Chapter Required Test Equipment Making Stimulus Response Measu rements What Are Stimulus Response Measurements? Using An Analyzer With A Tracking Generator Stepping Through a Transmission Measurement Page Page Page Page Tracking Generator Unleveled Condition Measuring Device Bandwidth Page Page Measuring Stop Band Attenuation Using Log Sweep Page Page Page Page Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement Example: Reflection Calibration Measuring the Return Loss Chapter 2 87 VSWR 110 Making Complex Measurements Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement -----------------------= Table 2-1 Power to VSWR Conversion + 110 Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Example 1: Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Example 2: