Making Complex Measurements

Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal

7.The signal is demodulated at the marker position only for the duration of the demod time. Use the step keys, knob, or numeric

keypad to change the dwell time. For example, press the step up key (↑ ) to increase the dwell time to 2 seconds.

8.The marker search functions can be used to move the marker to other signals of interest. Press Peak Search to access Next Peak,

Next Pk Right, or Next Pk Left.

Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Example 2:

1.Connect an antenna to the analyzer input.

2.Perform a factory preset by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).

3.Select a frequency range on the analyzer, such as the range for AM radio broadcasts. For example, the frequency range for AM broadcasts in the United States is 550 kHz to 1650 kHz. Press

FREQUENCY, Start Freq, 550, kHz, Stop Freq, 1650, kHz.

4.Place a marker on the signal of interest. Press Peak Search to place a marker on the highest amplitude signal, or press Marker, Normal and move the marker to a signal of interest.

5.Set the resolution bandwidth to spectrum analyzer by pressing

BW/Avg and Res BW (SA).

6.Set the frequency of the signal to center frequency by pressing

FREQUENCY then Signal Track (On) if the signal of interest is the highest amplitude on screen signal. If it is not the highest amplitude

signal on screen, move the signal to center screen by pressing

Peak Search, Marker→ , and Mkr→ CF.

7.If the signal track function is on, press SPAN, 1, MHz to reduce the span to 1 MHz. If signal track is not used, use the step down key (↓ ) to reduce the span and use Mkr→ CF to keep the signal of interest at center screen.

8.Set the span to zero by pressing SPAN, Zero Span. Zero Span turns off the signal track function.

9.Change the resolution bandwidth to 100 kHz by pressing BW/Avg, Res BW, then enter 100, kHz.

10.Set the signal in the top two divisions of the screen by changing the reference level. Press AMPLITUDE, and then the step down key (↓ ) until the signal is in the top two divisions. Set the amplitude scale to linear by pressing Scale Type (Lin). Keep the signal center displayed by pressing AMPLITUDE, Ref Level and using the (↑ ) (↓ ) step keys.

Chapter 2

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Agilent Technologies E7401A, E7405A, E7402A, E7404A, E7403A manual Next Pk Right, or Next Pk Left
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E7402A, E7405A, E7404A, E7401A, E7403A specifications

Agilent Technologies, a leader in test and measurement solutions, offers a range of spectrum analyzers designed to meet the evolving demands of the electronics industry. The E7403A, E7401A, E7404A, E7405A, and E7402A are prominent models that embody advanced features and technologies, enhancing performance, accuracy, and user experience.

The E7403A is recognized for its high-quality performance and wide frequency range. This model offers frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 3 GHz, making it suitable for both commercial and academic research applications. With a phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, it delivers exceptional sensitivity. The E7403A also features a built-in tracking generator, facilitating effective signal generation for testing.

Next in line, the E7401A provides similar frequency coverage but is optimized for portable functionality. Weighing significantly less than its counterparts, it is easy to transport, making it ideal for field applications. Users benefit from its fast sweep speed of up to 3 GHz, which is crucial in quickly identifying and analyzing signals.

The E7404A excels in its comprehensive analysis capabilities. With a frequency range extending up to 6 GHz, it supports more demanding applications, including wireless communications and satellite technology. Its advanced digital signal processing capabilities enable the analysis of complex modulated signals, providing engineers with the data needed to troubleshoot and optimize system performance.

The E7405A is a highly versatile model that offers frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 20 GHz. This wide frequency range, combined with high dynamic range, supports the testing of various electronic devices and systems. It features advanced measurement options including occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power, and sensitivity measurements, which are critical for compliance testing in communication systems.

Lastly, the E7402A is designed for users who require a spectrum analyzer with enhanced functionality at a competitive price. It reaches frequencies of up to 1.5 GHz, making it suitable for various applications including RF design, development, and manufacturing. Its user-friendly interface ensures that both novice and experienced users can navigate its features with ease.

In conclusion, Agilent Technologies' E7403A, E7401A, E7404A, E7405A, and E7402A spectrum analyzers provide a robust set of features tailored to meet diverse industry needs. Utilizing sophisticated technologies, these models ensure precise and efficient signal analysis, making them indispensable tools for engineers and researchers in the fast-paced world of electronics.
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