Agilent Technologies E7401A, E7402A, E7403A, E7404A, E7405A - page 81

Chapter 2 81

Making Complex Measurements

Making Stimulus Response Measurements

Figure 2-9 Tracking Generator Output Power Activated in Log Sweep

10.Put the sweep time of the analyzer into stimulus response auto

coupled mode by pressing Sweep, then Swp Coupling (SR). See

Figure 2-9. Auto coupled sweep times are usually much faster for

stimulus response measurements than they are for spectrum

analyzer (SA) measurements. Adjust the reference level if necessary

to place the signal on screen.

11.To make a transmission measurement accurately, the frequency

response of the test system must be known. Normalization is used to

eliminate this error from the measurement. To measure the

frequency response of the test system, connect the cable (but not the

DUT) from the tracking generator output to the analyzer input.

Press Trace/View, More, Normalize, Store Ref (1→3), Normalize (On).

This will activate the trace 1 minus trace 3 function and display the

results in trace 1. The normalized trace or flat line represents 0 dB

return loss. Normalization occur s ea ch sw eep.

NOTE Since the calibration trace is stored in trace 3, changing trace 3 to

Clear Write, Max Hold, or Min Hold will invalidate the normalization.

12.Reconnect the DUT to the analyzer. Note that the units of the

reference level have changed to dB, indicating that this is now a

relative measurement. Refer to Figure2-10.

13.Press Trace/View, More, Normalize, NormRef Posn to change the

normalized reference position. Arrowheads at the left and right

edges of the graticule mark the normalized reference position. Using

the knob results in a change in the position of the normalized trace,

within the range of the graticule. Refer to Figure2-10 .

Contents

Main Signal Analysis Measurement Guide Agilent Technologies EMC Series Analyzers Notice Safety Information Warrant y LIMITATION OF WARRANTY EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES Where to Find the Latest Informa tion Page Contents Page What is in This Chapter Test Equ ipm ent Comparing Signals Signal Comparison Example 1: Page Signal Comparison Example 2: Page Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude Resolving Signals Example: Page Page Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals Resolving Signals Example: Page Page Making Better Frequency Measurements Better Frequency Measurement Example: Page Decreasing the Frequency Span Around the Signal Decreasing the Frequency Span Example: Page Page Tracking Drifting Signals Tracking Signal Drift Example 1: Page Page Tracking Signal Drift Example 2: Page Page Page Measuring Low Level Signals Measuring Low Level Signals Example 1: Page Measuring Low Level Signals Example 2: Measuring Low Level Signals Example 3: Page Measuring Low Level Signals Example 4: Page Page Identifying Distortion Products Distortion from the Analyzer Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion Example: Page Page Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Identifying TOI Distortion Example: Page Page Page Measuring Signal-to-Noise Signal-to-Noise Measurement Example: S/N 70 dB/Hz10 30 kHz()log+ 25.23 dB30 kHz()== Making Noise Measurements Noise Measurement Example 1: Page Page Page Page Noise Measurement Example 2: Noise Measurement Example 3: Page Page Demodulating AM Signals (Using the Analyzer As a Fixed Tuned Receiver) Demodulating an AM Signal Example 1: Page Page Page Page Page Demodulating FM Signals Demodulating a FM Signal Example: Page Page Page Page Whats in This Chapter Required Test Equipment Making Stimulus Response Measu rements What Are Stimulus Response Measurements? Using An Analyzer With A Tracking Generator Stepping Through a Transmission Measurement Page Page Page Page Tracking Generator Unleveled Condition Measuring Device Bandwidth Page Page Measuring Stop Band Attenuation Using Log Sweep Page Page Page Page Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement Example: Reflection Calibration Measuring the Return Loss Chapter 2 87 VSWR 110 Making Complex Measurements Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement -----------------------= Table 2-1 Power to VSWR Conversion + 110 Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Example 1: Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Example 2: