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Catalyst 3550 Multilayer Switch Software Configuration Guide
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Chapter19 Configuring Network Security with ACLs
Understanding ACLs
With VLAN maps, forwarding of packets is permitted or denied, based on the action specified in the
map. Figure 19-2 illustrates how a VLAN map is applied to deny a specific type of traffic from Host A
in VLAN 10 from being forwarded.
Figure19-2 Using VLAN Maps to Control Traffic
Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic
IP packets can be fragmented as they cross the network. When this happens, only the fragment
containing the beginning of the packet contains the Layer 4 information, such as TCP or UD P port
numbers, ICMP type and code, and so on. All other fragm en ts a re m is sin g th is i nf orm ation .
Some ACEs do not check Layer 4 information and therefore can be applied to all packet fragme nts.
ACEs that do test Layer 4 information cannot be applied in the standa rd manner to most of the fragments
in a fragmented IP packet. When the fragment contains no Layer 4 information and th e AC E tes ts so me
Layer 4 information, the matching rules are modified:
•Permit ACEs that check the Layer 3 information in the fragment (including pr otocol typ e, such as
TCP, UDP, and so on) are considered to match the fragment regardless of what the missing Layer 4
information might have been.
•Deny ACEs that check Layer 4 information never ma tch a frag me nt u nl ess t he f ra gm ent cont ain s
Layer 4 information.
Consider access list 102, configured with these commands, applied to three fragmented packets:
Switch (config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any host 10.1.1.1 eq smtp
Switch (config)# access-list 102 deny tcp any host 10.1.1.2 eq telnet
Switch (config)# access-list 102 permit tcp any host 10.1.1.2
Switch (config)# access-list 102 deny tcp any any
Note In the first and second ACEs in the examples, the eq keyword after the destination address means to
test for the TCP-destination-port well-known numbers equaling Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP) and Telnet, respectively.
•Packet A is a TCP packet from host 10.2.2.2., port 65000, going to host 10.1.1.1 on the SMTP port.
If this packet is fragmented, the first fragment matches the first ACE (a permit) as if it were a
complete packet because all Layer 4 information is present. The remaining fragments also match the
first ACE, even though they do not contain the SMTP port information, because the first ACE only
checks Layer 3 information when applied to fragments. The information in this example is that the
packet is TCP and that the destination is 10.1.1.1.
Si
Host B
(VLAN 10)
Host A
(VLAN 10)
53034
= VLAN map denying specific type
of traffic from Host A
= Packet
Catalyst 3550 switch
bridging traffic