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CONTENTS
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About Cisco IOS Software Documentation
Documentation Objectives
Audience
Documentation Organization
Documentation Modules
xxx
Figure 1 shows the Cisco IOS software documentation modules.
P3R
P2R
IR
xxxi
XC
VR
QR
XR
Master Indexes
Supporting Documents and Resources
New and Changed Information
Document Conventions
Page
Obtaining Documentation
World Wide Web
Documentation CD-ROM
Ordering Documentation
Documentation Feedback
Obtaining Technical Assistance
Cisco.com
Technical Assistance Center
Contacting TAC by Using the Cisco TAC Website
Contacting TAC by Telephone
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Using Cisco IOS Software
Understanding Command Modes
Getting Help
Example: How to Find Command Options
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Using the no and default Forms of Commands
Saving Configuration Changes
Filtering Output from the show and more Commands
Identifying Supported Platforms
Using Feature Navigator
Using Software Release Notes
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IP Overview
IP Addressing and Services
IP Routing Protocols
Determining a Routing Process
Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols
Interior Gateway Protocols
Exterior Gateway Protocols
Multiple Routing Protocols
IP Multicast
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Configuring IP Addressing
IP Addressing Task List
Assigning IP Addresses to Network Interfaces
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Assigning Multiple IP Addresses to Network Interfaces
Enabling Use of Subnet Zero
Disabling Classless Routing Behavior
Enabling IP Processing on a Serial Interface
Configuring Address Resolution Methods
Establishing Address Resolution
Defining a Static ARP Cache
Setting ARP Encapsulations
Enabling Proxy ARP
Configuring Local-Area Mobility
Mapping Host Names to IP Addresses
Assigning Host Names to IP Addresses
Specifying the Domain Name
Specifying a Name Server
Enabling the DNS
Using the DNS to Discover ISO CLNS Addresses
Configuring HP Probe Proxy Name Requests
Configuring the Next Hop Resolution Protocol
The Cisco Implementation of NHRP
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Protocol Operation
NHRP Configuration Task List
Enabling NHRP on an Interface
Configuring a Static IP-to-NBMA Address Mapping for a Station
Statically Configuring a Next Hop Server
Configuring NHRP Authentication
Controlling the Triggering of NHRP
Triggering NHRP by IP Packets
Triggering NHRP on a per-Destination Basis
Triggering NHRP Based on Traffic Thresholds
Restrictions
Prerequisites
NHRP Configuration Task List
Changing the Rate for Triggering SVCs
Applying the Rates to Specific Destinations
Controlling the NHRP Packet Rate
Suppressing Forward and Reverse Record Options
Specifying the NHRP Responder Address
Changing the Time Period NBMA Addresses Are Advertised as Valid
Configuring a GRE Tunnel for Multipoint Operation
Configuring NHRP Server-Only Mode
Enabling IP Routing
Routing Assistance When IP Routing Is Disabled
Proxy ARP
Default Gateway
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol
Enabling IRDP Processing
Changing IRDP Parameters
Enabling IP Bridging
Enabling Integrated Routing and Bridging
Configuring a Routing Process
Configuring Broadcast Packet Handling
Enabling Directed Broadcast-to-Physical Broadcast Translation
Forwarding UDP Broadcast Packets and Protocols
Establishing an IP Broadcast Address
Flooding IP Broadcasts
Speeding Up Flooding of UDP Datagrams
Configuring Network Address Translation
NAT Applications
Benefits
NAT Terminology
NAT Configuration Task List
Translating Inside Source Addresses
Configuring Static Translation
Configuring Dynamic Translation with an Access List
Configuring Dynamic Translation with a Route Map
Overloading an Inside Global Address
Inside
NAT table
Translating Overlapping Addresses
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Configuring Static Translation
Configuring Dynamic Translation
Providing TCP Load Distribution
NAT table
Inside 1.1.1.1
1.1.1.2 1.1.1.3 1.1.1.127
Changing Translation Timeouts
Monitoring and Maintaining NAT
Deploying NAT Between an IP Phone and Cisco CallManager
Monitoring and Maintaining IP Addressing
Specifying the Format of Network Masks
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Monitoring and Maintaining NHRP
IP Addressing Examples
Creating a Network from Separated Subnets Example
Serial Interfaces Configuration Example
IP Domains Example
Dynamic Lookup Example
HP Hosts on a Network Segment Example
Logical NBMA Example
IPC-52
Figure9 Two Logical NBMA Networks over One Physical NBMA Network
NHRP over ATM Example
IPC-54
The significant portions of the configurations for routers A, B, and C follow:
IPC-55
Changing the Rate for Triggering SVCs Example
IPC-56
IPC-57
Applying NHRP Rates to Specific Destinations Example
NHRP on a Multipoint Tunnel Example
Broadcasting Examples
Flooded Broadcast Example
Flooding of IP Broadcasts Example
Helper Addresses Example
IPC-61
Figure13 IP Helper Addresses
The following example shows the configuration:
NAT Configuration Examples
The following sections show NAT configuration examples.
Dynamic Inside Source Translation Example
The following example translates all source addresses using a route map.
IPC-62
Overloading Inside Global Addresses Example
Translating Overlapping Address Example
IPC-63
TCP Load Distribution Example
ping Command Example
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Configuring DHCP
DHCP Server Overview
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DHCP Client Overview
DHCP Relay Agent Overview
DHCP Configuration Task List
Enabling the Cisco IOS DHCP Server and Relay Agent Features
Configuring a DHCP Database Agent or Disabling DHCP Conflict Logging
Excluding IP Addresses
Configuring a DHCP Address Pool
Configuring the DHCP Address Pool Name and Entering DHCP Pool Configuration Mode
Configuring the DHCP Address Pool Subnet and Mask
Configuring the Domain Name for the Client
Configuring the IP Domain Name System Servers for the Client
Configuring the NetBIOS Windows Internet Naming Service Servers for the Client
Configuring the NetBIOS Node Type for the Client
Configuring Manual Bindings
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Configuring a DHCP Server Boot File
Configuring the Number of Ping Packets
Configuring the Timeout Value for Ping Packets
Enabling the Cisco IOS DHCP Client on Ethernet Interfaces
Configuring DHCP Server Options Import and Autoconfiguration
Configuring the Relay Agent Information Option in BOOTREPLY Messages
Configuring a Relay Agent Information Reforwarding Policy
Enabling the DHCP Smart-Relay Feature
Monitoring and Maintaining the DHCP Server
Configuration Examples
DHCP Database Agent Configuration Example
DHCP Address Pool Configuration Example
Manual Bindings Configuration Example
Cisco IOS DHCP Client Example
IPC-79
DHCP Server Options Import and Autoconfiguration Example
Figure16 DHCP Example Network Topology
Central Router
Remote Router
Local DNS server Central router Remote router
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Configuring IP Services
IP Services Task List
Managing IP Connections
Enabling ICMP Protocol Unreachable Messages
Enabling ICMP Redirect Messages
Enabling ICMP Mask Reply Messages
Understanding Path MTU Discovery
Setting the MTU Packet Size
Enabling IP Source Routing
Configuring Simplex Ethernet Interfaces
Configuring a DRP Server Agent
Enabling the DRP Server Agent
Limiting the Source of DRP Queries
Configuring Authentication of DRP Queries and Responses
Filtering IP Packets Using Access Lists
Creating Standard and Extended Access Lists Using Numbers
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Creating Standard and Extended Access Lists Using Names
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Specifying IP Extended Access Lists with Fragment Control
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Benefits of Fragment Control in an IP Extended Access List
Enabling Turbo Access Control Lists
Configuring Turbo ACLs
Verifying Turbo ACLs
Applying Time Ranges to Access Lists
Including Comments About Entries in Access Lists
Applying Access Lists
Controlling Access to a Line or Interface
Controlling Policy Routing and the Filtering of Routing Information
Controlling Dialer Functions
Configuring the Hot Standby Router Protocol
Enabling HSRP
Configuring HSRP Group Attributes
Changing the HSRP MAC Refresh Interval
Enabling HSRP MIB Traps
Enabling HSRP Support for MPLS VPNs
Defining VPNs
Enabling HSRP
Verifying HSRP Support for MPLS VPNs
Enabling HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages
Redirects to Active HSRP Routers
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Redirects to Passive HSRP Routers
Redirects to Non-HSRP Routers
Passive HSRP Router Advertisements
Redirects Not Sent
Configuring HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages
Configuring IP Accounting
Configuring IP MAC Accounting
Configuring IP Precedence Accounting
Configuring TCP Performance Parameters
Compressing TCP Packet Headers
Expressing TCP Header Compression
Changing the Number of TCP Header Compression Connections
Setting the TCP Connection Attempt Time
Enabling TCP Path MTU Discovery
Enabling TCP Selective Acknowledgment
Enabling TCP Time Stamp
Setting the TCP Maximum Read Size
Setting the TCP Window Size
Setting the TCP Outgoing Queue Size
Configuring IP over WANs
Configuring the MultiNode Load Balancing Forwarding Agent
MNLB Forwarding Agent Configuration Task List
Enabling CEF
Enabling NetFlow Switching
Enabling IP Multicast Routing
Configuring the Router as a Forwarding Agent
Monitoring and Maintaining the IP Network
Monitoring and Maintaining the DRP Server Agent
Clearing the Access List Counters
Monitoring the MNLB Forwarding Agent
Monitoring and Maintaining HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages
IP Services Configuration Examples
ICMP Services Example
Simplex Ethernet Interfaces Example
DRP Server Agent Example
Numbered Access List Examples
Turbo Access Control List Example
Implicit Masks in Access Lists Examples
Extended Access List Examples
Named Access List Example
IP Extended Access List with Fragment Control Example
Time Range Applied to an IP Access List Example
Commented IP Access List Entry Examples
IP Accounting Example
HSRP Load Sharing Example
HSRP MAC Refresh Interval Examples
No Switch or Learning Bridge Present Example
Switch or Learning Bridge Present Example
IPC-128
HSRP MIB Trap Example
Primary Router Configuration
Backup Router Configuration
HSRP Support for MPLS VPNs Example
IPC-129
HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages Example
Router A ConfigurationActive for Group 1 and Standby for Group 2
Router B ConfigurationStandby for Group 1 and Active for Group 2
IPC-130
MNLB Forwarding Agent Examples
This section provides the following configuration examples:
The network configured is shown in Figure 22.
Forwarding Agent Configuration for FA2 Example
IPC-131
Services Manager Configuration for SM Example
IPC-132
Configuring Server Load Balancing
IOS SLB Functions and Capabilities
Algorithms for Server Load Balancing
Weighted Round Robin
Weighted Least Connections
Port-Bound Servers
Client-Assigned Load Balancing
Content Flow Monitor Support
Sticky Connections
Maximum Connections
Delayed Removal of TCP Connection Context
TCP Session Reassignment
Automatic Server Failure Detection
Automatic Unfail
Slow Start
Dynamic Feedback Protocol for IOS SLB
Alternate IP Addresses
Transparent Web Cache Balancing
NAT
Redundancy EnhancementStateless Backup
Restrictions
IOS SLB Configuration Task List
Specifying a Server Farm
Specifying a Load-Balancing Algorithm
Specifying a Bind ID
Specifying a Real Server
Configuring Real Server Attributes
Enabling the Real Server for Service
Specifying a Virtual Server
Associating a Virtual Server with a Server Farm
Configuring Virtual Server Attributes
Adjusting Virtual Server Values
Preventing Advertisement of Virtual Server Address
Enabling the Virtual Server for Service
Configuring IOS SLB Dynamic Feedback Protocol
Configuring NAT
Implementing IOS SLB Stateless Backup
How IOS SLB Stateless Backup Works
Configuring IOS SLB Stateless Backup
Enabling HSRP
Customizing Group Attributes
Verifying the IOS SLB Stateless Backup Configuration
Verifying IOS SLB
Verifying IOS SLB Installation
Verifying Server Failure Detection
Troubleshooting IOS SLB
Monitoring and Maintaining IOS SLB
Configuration Examples
IPC-152
IOS SLB Network Configuration Example
This section provides a configuration example based on the network layout shown in Figure24.
IPC-153
NAT Configuration Example
This section provides a configuration example based on the network layout shown in Figure 25.
The topology in Figure25 has four Web servers, configured as follows:
IPC-154
Server 4 has multiple HTTP server applications listening on ports 8080, 8081, and 8082.
The configuration statements for Switch B are as follows:
The configuration statements for Switch C are as follows:
HSRP Configuration Example
IPC-156
The configuration for Device A is as follows:
The configuration for Device B is as follows:
IOS SLB Stateless Backup Configuration Example
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Configuring Mobile IP
Mobile IP Overview
Why is Mobile IP Needed?
Mobile IP Components
How Mobile IP Works
Agent Discovery
Registration
Routing
Mobile IP Security
MN-HA
MN-FA
FA-HA
HA-HA
Storing Security Associations
Storing SAs on AAA
Caching SAs on HA
Home Agent Redundancy
HSRP Groups
How HA Redundancy Works
Managing Mobility Binding Tables
Prerequisites
Mobile IP Configuration Task List
Enabling Home Agent Services
Enabling Foreign Agent Services
Configuring AAA in the Mobile IP Environment
Configuring RADIUS in the Mobile IP Environment
Configuring TACACS+ in the Mobile IP Environment
Verifying Setup
Monitoring and Maintaining Mobile IP
Shutting Down Mobile IP
Mobile IP HA Redundancy Configuration Task List
Enabling Mobile IP
Enabling HSRP
Configuring HSRP Group Attributes
Enabling HA Redundancy for a Physical Network
Enabling HA Redundancy for a Virtual Network Using One Physical Network
Enabling HA Redundancy for a Virtual Network Using Multiple Physical Networks
Enabling HA Redundancy for Multiple Virtual Networks Using One Physical Network
Enabling HA Redundancy for Multiple Virtual Networks Using Multiple Physical Networks
Verifying HA Redundancy
Monitoring and Maintaining HA Redundancy
Mobile IP Configuration Examples
Home Agent Configuration Example
IPC-177
Home Agent Using AAA Server Example
Foreign Agent Configuration Example
Mobile IP HA Redundancy Configuration Examples
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HA Redundancy for Physical Networks Example
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HA Redundancy for a Virtual Network Using One Physical Network Example
HA Redundancy for a Virtual Network Using Multiple Physical Networks Example
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IPC-185
HA Redundancy for Multiple Virtual Networks Using One Physical Network Example
IPC-187
IPC-188
HA Redundancy for Multiple Virtual Networks Using Multiple Physical Networks Example
IPC-190
IPC-191
IPC-192
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Configuring On-Demand Routing
On-Demand Routing Configuration Task List
Enabling ODR
Filtering ODR Information
Redistributing ODR Information into the Dynamic Routing Protocol of the Hub
Reconfiguring CDP or ODR Timers
Using ODR with Dialer Mappings
Configuring Routing Information Protocol
RIP Configuration Task List
Enabling RIP
Allowing Unicast Updates for RIP
Adjusting Timers
Specifying a RIP Version
Enabling RIP Authentication
RIP Route Summarization
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Restrictions to RIP Route Summarization
Configuring Route Summarization on an Interface
Verifying IP Route Summarization
Disabling Automatic Route Summarization
Running IGRP and RIP Concurrently
Disabling the Validation of Source IP Addresses
Enabling or Disabling Split Horizon
Configuring Interpacket Delay
Connecting RIP to a WAN
RIP Configuration Examples
Route Summarization Examples
Example 1: Correct Configuration
Example 2: Incorrect Configuration
Split Horizon Examples
Example 1
Example 2
IPC-211
Figure35 Disabled Split Horizon Example for Frame Relay Network
Configuration for Router A
Configuration for Router B
Configuration for Router C
Address Family Timers Example
Configuring IGRP
The Cisco IGRP Implementation
IGRP Updates
IGRP Configuration Task List
Creating the IGRP Routing Process
Allowing Unicast Updates for IGRP
Defining Unequal-Cost Load Balancing
Controlling Traffic Distribution
Adjusting the IGRP Metric Weights
Adjusting Timers
Disabling Holddown
Enforcing a Maximum Network Diameter
Validating Source IP Addresses
Enabling or Disabling Split Horizon
IGRP Configuration Examples
IGRP Feasible Successor Relationship Example
Split Horizon Examples
IPC-221
Figure38 Disabled Split Horizon Example
Router Configuration A
Router Configuration B
Router Configuration C
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Configuring OSPF
The Cisco OSPF Implementation
OSPF Configuration Task List
Enabling OSPF
Configuring OSPF Interface Parameters
Configuring OSPF over Different Physical Networks
Configuring Your OSPF Network Type
Configuring Point-to-Multipoint, Broadcast Networks
Configuring OSPF for Nonbroadcast Networks
Configuring OSPF Area Parameters
Configuring OSPF NSSA
Implementation Considerations
Configuring Route Summarization Between OSPF Areas
Configuring Route Summarization When Redistributing Routes into OSPF
Creating Virtual Links
Generating a Default Route
Configuring Lookup of DNS Names
Forcing the Router ID Choice with a Loopback Interface
Controlling Default Metrics
Changing the OSPF Administrative Distances
Configuring OSPF on Simplex Ethernet Interfaces
Configuring Route Calculation Timers
Configuring OSPF over On-Demand Circuits
Implementation Considerations
Logging Neighbors Going Up or Down
Changing the LSA Group Pacing
Original LSA Behavior
LSA Group Pacing With Multiple Timers
Blocking OSPF LSA Flooding
Reducing LSA Flooding
Ignoring MOSPF LSA Packets
Displaying OSPF Update Packet Pacing
Monitoring and Maintaining OSPF
OSPF Configuration Examples
OSPF Point-to-Multipoint Example
IPC-242
Figure41 OSPF Point-to-Multipoint Example
Mollie Configuration
Neon Configuration
Platty Configuration
OSPF Point-to-Multipoint, Broadcast Example
The following example illustrates a point-to-multipoint network with broadcast:
The following example shows the configuration of the neighbor at 10.0.1.3:
The output shown for neighbors in the first configuration is as follows:
The route information in the first configuration is as follows:
OSPF Point-to-Multipoint, Nonbroadcast Example
The following example illustrates a point-to-multipoint network with nonbroadcast:
The following example is the configuration for the router on the other side:
The output shown for neighbors in the first configuration is as follows:
Variable-Length Subnet Masks Example
OSPF Routing and Route Redistribution Examples
Basic OSPF Configuration Examples
Basic OSPF Configuration Example for Internal Router, ABR, and ASBRs
Complex Internal Router, ABR, and ASBRs Example
IPC-247
Figure42 Sample OSPF Autonomous System Network Map
are advertised by OSPF.
In this configuration, five routers are configured with OSPF:
to S0.
IPC-248
Note It is not necessary to include definitions of all areas in an OSPF autonomous system in the
Router A ConfigurationInternal Router
Router B ConfigurationInternal Router
Router C ConfigurationABR
Complex OSPF Configuration for ABR Examples
IPC-250
In the following configuration OSPF is on network 131.119.0.0:
In the following configuration IGRP autonomous system 200 is on 131.119.0.0:
Route Map Examples
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Changing OSPF Administrative Distance Example
IPC-253
OSPF over On-Demand Routing Example
IPC-254
Figure45 OSPF over On-Demand Circuit
Token Ring 0
BRI 0 BRI 0 Ethernet 0 Router A Router B
LSA Group Pacing Example
Block LSA Flooding Example
Ignore MOSPF LSA Packets Example
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Configuring EIGRP
The Cisco EIGRP Implementation
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EIGRP Configuration Task List
Enabling EIGRP
Making the Transition from IGRP to EIGRP
Logging EIGRP Neighbor Adjacency Changes
Configuring the Percentage of Link Bandwidth Used
Adjusting the EIGRP Metric Weights
Mismatched K Values
The Goodbye Message
Disabling Route Summarization
Configuring Summary Aggregate Addresses
Configuring Floating Summary Routes
. . . . . . . .
Configuring EIGRP Route Authentication
. . . .
Configuring EIGRP Protocol-Independent Parameters
Adjusting the Interval Between Hello Packets and the Hold Time
Disabling Split Horizon
Configuring EIGRP Stub Routing
Dual-Homed Remote Topology
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EIGRP Stub Routing Configuration Task List
Configuring EIGRP Stub Routing
Verifying EIGRP Stub Routing
Monitoring and Maintaining EIGRP
EIGRP Configuration Examples
Route Summarization Example
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IPC-275
Route Authentication Example
Figure52 EIGRP Route Authentication Scenario
Enhanced IGRP Autonomous System 1
Router A Router B
Stub Routing Example
Configuring Integrated IS-IS
IS-IS Configuration Task List
Enabling IS-IS and Assigning Areas
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Enabling IP Routing for an Area on an Interface
IS-IS Interface Parameters Configuration Task List
Configuring IS-IS Link-State Metrics
Setting the Advertised Hello Interval
Setting the Advertised CSNP Interval
Setting the Retransmission Interval
Setting the LSP Transmissions Interval
Setting the Retransmission Throttle Interval
Setting the Hello Multiplier
Specifying Designated Router Election
Specifying the Interface Circuit Type
Assigning a Password for an Interface
Limiting LSP Flooding
Blocking Flooding on Specific Interfaces
Configuring Mesh Groups
Miscellaneous IS-IS Parameters Configuration Task List
Generating a Default Route
Specifying the System Type
Configuring IS-IS Authentication Passwords
Summarizing Address Ranges
Setting the Overload Bit
Changing the Routing Level for an Area
Tuning LSP Interval and Lifetime
Customizing IS-IS Throttling of LSP Generation, SPF Calculation, and PRC
Partial Route Computation (PRC)
Benefits of Throttling IS-IS LSP Generation, SPF Calculation, and PRC
How Throttling of IS-IS LSP Generation, SPF Calculation, and PRC Works
Modifying the Output of show Commands
Monitoring IS-IS
IS-IS Configuration Examples
Enabling IS-IS Configuration Example
IPC-290
Figure53 IS-IS Routing
Multiarea IS-IS Configuration for CLNS Network Example
Router A Router B Router C
E0 E0
S0
IPC-291
IS-IS Throttle Timers Example
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Configuring BGP
The Cisco BGP Implementation
How BGP Selects Paths
BGP Multipath Support
Basic BGP Configuration Task List
Advanced BGP Configuration Task List
Configuring Basic BGP Features
Enabling BGP Routing
Configuring BGP Neighbors
Managing Routing Policy Changes
Resetting a Router Using BGP Dynamic Inbound Soft Reset
Resetting a Router Using BGP Outbound Soft Reset
Configuring BGP Soft Reset Using Stored Routing Policy Information
IPC-301
Verifying BGP Soft Reset
shows that the peer supports the route refresh capability:
Step 2 Enter the show ip bgp neighbors EXEC command to display information about the BGP and TCP
connections to neighbors:
Configuring BGP Interactions with IGPs
Configuring BGP Weights
Disabling Autonomous System Path Comparison
Configuring BGP Route Filtering by Neighbor
Configuring BGP Filtering Using Prefix Lists
How the System Filters Traffic by Prefix List
Creating a Prefix List
Configuring a Prefix List Entry
Configuring How Sequence Numbers of Prefix List Entries Are Specified
Deleting a Prefix List or Prefix List Entries
Displaying Prefix Entries
Clearing the Hit Count Table of Prefix List Entries
Configuring BGP Path Filtering by Neighbor
Disabling Next Hop Processing on BGP Updates
Disabling Next Hop Processing Using a Specific Address
Disabling Next Hop Processing Using a Route Map
Configuring BGP Next Hop Propagation
Configuring the BGP Version
Configuring the MED Metric
Configuring Advanced BGP Features
Using Route Maps to Modify Updates
Resetting eBGP Connections Immediately upon Link Failure
Configuring Aggregate Addresses
Disabling Automatic Summarization of Network Numbers
Configuring BGP Community Filtering
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Specifying the Format for the Community
Configuring BGP Conditional Advertisement
BGP Conditional Advertisement Configuration Task List
Conditional Advertisement of a Set of Routes
Verifying BGP Conditional Advertisement
BGP Conditional Advertisement Troubleshooting Tips
Configuring a Routing Domain Confederation
Configuring a Route Reflector
IPC-318
Figure56 Simple BGP Model with a Route Reflector
Router B
Figure57 More Complex BGP Route Reflector Model
Router A
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Configuring BGP Peer Groups
Creating the Peer Group
Assigning Options to the Peer Group
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Configuring MD5 Authentication for BGP Peering Sessions
BGP through PIX Firewalls
Making Neighbors Members of the Peer Group
Disabling a Peer or Peer Group
Indicating Backdoor Routes
Modifying Parameters While Updating the IP Routing Table
Setting Administrative Distance
Adjusting BGP Timers
Changing the Default Local Preference Value
Redistributing Network 0.0.0.0
Configuring the Router to Consider a Missing MED as Worst Path
Selecting Path Based on MEDs from Other Autonomous Systems
Configuring the Router to Use the MED to Choose a Path from Subautonomous System Paths
Configuring the Router to Use the MED to Choose a Path in a Confederation
Configuring Route Dampening
Minimizing Flapping
Understanding Route Dampening Terms
Enabling Route Dampening
Monitoring and Maintaining BGP Route Dampening
Monitoring and Maintaining BGP
Logging Changes in Neighbor Status
BGP Configuration Examples
BGP Route Map Examples
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BGP Neighbor Configuration Examples
BGP Prefix List Filtering Examples
Route Filtering Configuration Example Using a Single Prefix List
Route Filtering Configuration Example Specifying a Group of Prefixes
Added or Deleted Prefix List Entries Examples
BGP Soft Reset Examples
Dynamic Inbound Soft Reset Example
Inbound Soft Reset Using Stored Information Example
BGP Synchronization Examples
BGP Path Filtering by Neighbor Examples
BGP Aggregate Route Examples
BGP Community with Route Maps Examples
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BGP Conditional Advertisement Configuration Examples
BGP Confederation Examples
BGP Peer Group Examples
iBGP Peer Group Example
eBGP Peer Group Example
TCP MD5 Authentication for BGP Examples
Configuring Multiprotocol BGP Extensions for IP Multicast
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Multiprotocol BGP Configuration Task List
Understanding NLRI Keywords and Address Families
Configuring a Multiprotocol BGP Peer
Configuring a Multiprotocol BGP Peer Group
Advertising Routes into Multiprotocol BGP
Configuring Route Maps for Multiprotocol BGP Prefixes
Redistributing Prefixes into Multiprotocol BGP
Configuring DVMRP Interoperability with Multiprotocol BGP
Redistributing Multiprotocol BGP Routes into DVMRP
Redistributing DVMRP Routes into Multiprotocol BGP
Configuring a Multiprotocol BGP Route Reflector
Configuring Aggregate Multiprotocol BGP Addresses
Verifying Multiprotocol BGP Configuration and Operation
IPC-358
Step 2 Enter the show ip bgp ipv4 multicast summary EXEC command to display a summary of multicast
This section provides the following multiprotocol BGP configuration examples:
database information:
Multiprotocol BGP Configuration Examples
Multiprotocol BGP Peer Examples
Multiprotocol BGP Peer Group Examples
Multiprotocol BGP Network Advertisement Examples
Multiprotocol BGP Route Map Examples
Multiprotocol BGP Route Redistribute Examples
Multiprotocol BGP Route Reflector Examples
Aggregate Multiprotocol BGP Address Examples
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Configuring IP Routing Protocol-Independent Features
Protocol-Independent Feature Task List
Using Variable-Length Subnet Masks
Configuring Static Routes
Specifying Default Routes
Specifying a Default Network
Understanding Gateway of Last Resort
Changing the Maximum Number of Paths
Configuring Multi-Interface Load Splitting
Redistributing Routing Information
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Understanding Supported Metric Translations
Filtering Routing Information
Preventing Routing Updates Through an Interface
Configuring Default Passive Interfaces
Controlling the Advertising of Routes in Routing Updates
Controlling the Processing of Routing Updates
Filtering Sources of Routing Information
Enabling Policy Routing (PBR)
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Preverifying Next-Hop Availability
Displaying Route-Map Policy Information
Enabling Fast-Switched Policy Routing
Enabling Local Policy Routing
Managing Authentication Keys
Monitoring and Maintaining the IP Network
Clearing Routes from the IP Routing Table
IP Routing Protocol-Independent Configuration Examples
Variable-Length Subnet Mask Example
Overriding Static Routes with Dynamic Protocols Example
Administrative Distance Examples
Static Routing Redistribution Example
IGRP Redistribution Example
RIP and IGRP Redistribution Example
EIGRP Redistribution Examples
RIP and EIGRP Redistribution Examples
Simple Redistribution Example
Complex Redistribution Example
OSPF Routing and Route Redistribution Examples
Basic OSPF Configuration Examples
Internal Router, ABR, and ASBRs Configuration Example
IPC-386
Figure63 Example OSPF Autonomous System Network Map
are advertised by OSPF.
In this configuration, five routers are configured in OSPF autonomous system 1:
to S0.
IPC-387
Router A ConfigurationInternal Router
Router B ConfigurationInternal Router
Router C ConfigurationABR
Router D ConfigurationInternal Router
Complex OSPF Configuration Example
IPC-389
In the following configuration, OSPF is on network 172.19.0.0:
In the following configuration IGRP autonomous system 1 is on 172.19.0.0:
Default Metric Values Redistribution Example
Policy Routing (Route Map) Examples
IPC-391
Passive Interface Examples
Default Passive Interface Example
Policy Routing Example
IPC-394
Key Management Examples
The following example configures a key chain named trees:
IPC-395
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Configuring IP Multicast Routing
The Cisco IP Multicast Routing Implementation
IGMP
IGMP Versions
PIM
CGMP
Basic IP Multicast Routing Configuration Task List
Advanced IP Multicast Routing Configuration Task List
Enabling IP Multicast Routing
Enabling PIM on an Interface
Enabling Dense Mode
Enabling Sparse Mode
Enabling Sparse-Dense Mode
Configuring PIM Dense Mode State Refresh
Configuring a Rendezvous Point
Configuring Auto-RP
Setting Up Auto-RP in a New Internetwork
Adding Auto-RP to an Existing Sparse Mode Cloud
Choosing a Default RP
Announcing the RP and the Group Range It Serves
Assigning the RP Mapping Agent
Filtering Incoming RP Announcement Messages
IGMP Features Configuration Task List
Configuring a Router to Be a Member of a Group
Controlling Access to IP Multicast Groups
Changing the IGMP Version
Modifying the IGMP Host-Query Message and Query Timeout Intervals
Routers That Run IGMP Version 1
Routers That Run IGMP Version 2
Configuring IGMP Version 3
Restrictions
Traffic Filtering with Multicast Groups That Are Not Configured in SSM Mode
Interoperability with IGMP Snooping
Interoperability with CGMP
Changing the IGMP Query Timeout
Changing the Maximum Query Response Time
Configuring the Router as a Statically Connected Member
Configuring IGMP Leave Latency
Configuring the TTL Threshold
Disabling Fast Switching of IP Multicast
SAP Listener Support Configuration Task List
Enabling SAP Listener Support
Limiting How Long a SAP Cache Entry Exists
Enabling the Functional Address for IP Multicast over Token Ring LANs
Configuring PIM Version 2
PIM Version 2 Configuration Task List
Specifying the PIM Version
Configuring PIM Version 2 Only
Configuring PIM Sparse-Dense Mode
Defining a PIM Sparse Mode Domain Border Interface
Configuring Candidate BSRs
Configuring Candidate RPs
Making the Transition to PIM Version 2
Deciding When to Configure a BSR
Dense Mode
Sparse Mode
Monitoring the RP Mapping Information
Advanced PIM Features Configuration Task List
Understanding PIM Shared Tree and Source Tree (Shortest-Path Tree)
Understanding Reverse Path Forwarding
Delaying the Use of PIM Shortest-Path Tree
Assigning an RP to Multicast Groups
Increasing Control over RPs
Modifying the PIM Router Query Message Interval
Understanding the PIM Registering Process
PIM Version 1 Compatibility
Limiting the Rate of PIM Register Messages
Configuring the IP Source Address of Register Messages
Enabling Proxy Registering
Enabling PIM Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Mode
Configuring an IP Multicast Static Route
Controlling the Transmission Rate to a Multicast Group
Configuring RTP Header Compression
Page
Enabling RTP Header Compression on a Serial Interface
Enabling RTP Header Compression with Frame Relay Encapsulation
Changing the Number of Header Compression Connections
Enabling Express RTP Header Compression
Configuring IP Multicast over ATM Point-to-Multipoint Virtual Circuits
Page
Enabling IP Multicast over ATM Point-to-Multipoint VCs
Limiting the Number of VCs
Idling Policy
How the Idling Policy Works
Keeping VCs from Idling
Configuring an IP Multicast Boundary
Configuring an Intermediate IP Multicast Helper
Storing IP Multicast Headers
Enabling CGMP
Configuring Stub IP Multicast Routing
Load Splitting IP Multicast Traffic Across Equal-Cost Paths Configuration Task List
Enabling Native Load Splitting
Enabling Load Splitting Across Tunnels
Configuring the Access Router
Configuring the Router at the Opposite End of the Tunnel
Configuring Both Routers to RPF
Load Splitting to a Stub Network
Load Splitting to the Middle of a Network
Verifying the Load Splitting
Monitoring and Maintaining IP Multicast Routing Configuration Task List
Page
Using IP Multicast Heartbeat
IP Multicast Configuration Examples
PIM Dense Mode Example
PIM Sparse Mode Example
PIM Dense Mode State Refresh Example
Functional Address for IP Multicast over Token Ring LAN Example
PIM Version 2 Examples
BSR Configuration Example
Border Router Configuration Example
RFC 2362 Interoperable Candidate RP Example
RTP Header Compression Examples
IPC-452
Express RTP Header Compression with PPP Encapsulation Example
IPC-453
Express RTP Header Compression with Frame Relay Encapsulation Example
IPC-454
IP Multicast over ATM Point-to-Multipoint VC Example
The following example shows how to enable IP multicast over ATM point-to-multipoint VCs:
Administratively Scoped Boundary Example
IP Multicast Helper Example
IPC-456
The configurations for Router A and Router C are as follows:
Router AFirst Hop Router Configuration
Stub IP Multicast Example
The configurations for Router A and Router B are as follows:
IPC-457
Load Splitting IP Multicast Traffic Across Equal-Cost Paths Example
E0/5
E0
Figure75 IP Multicast Load Splitting Across Equal-Cost Paths
Router A Router B Source S1
IP Multicast Heartbeat Example
Configuring Source Specific Multicast
SSM Components Overview
How SSM Differs from Internet Standard Multicast
SSM IP Address Range
SSM Operations
IGMPv3 Host Signalling
IGMP v3lite Host Signalling
URD Host Signalling
Page
Benefits
IP Multicast Address Management Not Required
Denial of Service Attacks from Unwanted Sources Inhibited
Easy to Install and Manage
Ideal for Internet Broadcast Applications
Restrictions
Legacy Applications Within the SSM Range Restrictions
IGMP v3lite and URD Require a Cisco IOS Last Hop Router
Address Management Restrictions
IGMP Snooping and CGMP Limitations
URD Intercept URL Limitations
State Maintenance Limitations
HSIL Limitations
SSM Configuration Task List
Configuring SSM
Monitoring SSM
SSM Configuration Examples
SSM with IGMPv3 Example
SSM with IGMP v3lite and URD Example
SSM Filtering Example
IPC-469
Page
Configuring Bidirectional PIM
Bidir-PIM Overview
Page
DF Election
Bidirectional Group Tree Building
Packet Forwarding
Bidir-PIM Configuration Task List
Configuring Bidir-PIM
Verifying Bidirectional Groups
Monitoring and Maintaining Bidir-PIM
Bidir-PIM Configuration Example
Configuring Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
How MSDP Works
Page
Benefits
Prerequisites
MSDP Configuration Task List
Configuring an MSDP Peer
Caching SA State
Requesting Source Information from an MSDP Peer
Controlling Source Information That Your Router Originates
Redistributing Sources
Filtering SA Request Messages
Controlling Source Information That Your Router Forwards
Using an MSDP Filter
Using TTL to Limit the Multicast Data Sent in SA Messages
Controlling Source Information That Your Router Receives
Configuring a Default MSDP Peer
Configuring an MSDP Mesh Group
Shutting Down an MSDP Peer
Including a Bordering PIM Dense Mode Region in MSDP
Configuring an Originating Address Other Than the RP Address
Monitoring and Maintaining MSDP
MSDP Configuration Examples
Default MSDP Peer
Logical RP
IPC-489
RouterA Configuration
IPC-490
RouterB Configuration
IPC-491
RouterE Configuration
IPC-492
Configuring PGM Host and Router Assist
PGM Overview
Page
PGM Host Configuration Task List
Enabling PGM Host
Enabling PGM Host with a Virtual Host Interface
Enabling PGM Host with a Physical Interface
Verifying PGM Host Configuration
IPC-497
Use the show ip pgm host traffic command to display traffic statistics at the PGM transport layer:
PGM Router Assist Configuration Task List
Enabling PGM Router Assist
Enabling PGM Router Assist with a Virtual Host Interface
Enabling PGM Router Assist with a Physical Interface
Monitoring and Maintaining PGM Host and Router Assist
Monitoring and Maintaining PGM Host
Monitoring and Maintaining PGM Router Assist
PGM Host and Router Assist Configuration Examples
PGM Host with a Virtual Interface Example
PGM Host with a Physical Interface Example
IPC-502
PGM Router Assist with a Virtual Interface Example
PGM Router Assist with a Physical Interface Example
IPC-503
Page
Configuring Unidirectional Link Routing
UDLR Overview
UDLR Tunnel
IGMP UDLR
IGMP Proxy
UDLR Tunnel Configuration Task List
Prerequisite
Configuring UDLR Tunnel
Page
IGMP UDLR Configuration Task List
Configuring the IGMP UDL
Changing the Distance for the Default RPF Interface
Monitoring IGMP UDLR
IGMP Proxy Configuration Task List
Configuring IGMP Proxy
Verifying IGMP Proxy
UDLR Configuration Examples
UDLR Tunnel Example
IGMP UDLR Example
IPC-515
Uplink Router (uplink-rtr) Configuration
Downlink Router (downlink-rtr) Configuration
IPC-516
IGMP Proxy Example
IPC-517
IPC-518
Integrated UDLR Tunnel, IGMP UDLR, and IGMP Proxy Example
Upstream Configuration
IPC-519
Downstream Configuration
IPC-520
Using IP Multicast Tools
Multicast Routing Monitor Overview
Benefits
Restrictions
MRM Configuration Task List
Configuring a Test Sender and Test Receiver
Monitoring Multiple Groups
Configuring a Manager
Conducting an MRM Test
Monitoring IP Multicast Routing
Monitoring and Maintaining MRM
IPC-526
MRM Configuration Example
Test Sender Configuration
Test Receiver Configuration
Manager Configuration
Configuring Router-Port Group Management Protocol
IP Multicast Routing Overview
RGMP Overview
IPC-529
Page
RGMP Configuration Task List
Enabling RGMP
Verifying RGMP Configuration
Monitoring and Maintaining RGMP
IPC-534
RGMP Configuration Example
IPC-535
Router D Configuration
Switch A Configuration
Switch B Configuration
Page
Configuring DVMRP Interoperability
Basic DVMRP Interoperability Configuration Task List
Configuring DVMRP Interoperability
Responding to mrinfo Requests
Configuring a DVMRP Tunnel
Advertising Network 0.0.0.0 to DVMRP Neighbors
Advanced DVMRP Interoperability Configuration Task List
Enabling DVMRP Unicast Routing
Limiting the Number of DVMRP Routes Advertised
Changing the DVMRP Route Threshold
Configuring a DVMRP Summary Address
Disabling DVMRP Automatic summarization
Adding a Metric Offset to the DVMRP Route
Rejecting a DVMRP Nonpruning Neighbor
Configuring a Delay Between DVRMP Reports
Monitoring and Maintaining DVMRP
DVMRP Configuration Examples
DVMRP Interoperability Example
DVMRP Tunnel Example
IPC-546
Page
Page
INDEX
Symbols
A
contents, displaying defining static
B
Page
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
IP access lists extended
(example) description
Page
Page
advertising clearing
cache buffer, clearing displaying requests
information, displaying interface parameters
description enabling packet forwarding
enabling
(example) configuring description
mode, enabling network
configuring IP source address limiting rate
groups covered mapping agent
description
(example) configuring description
(example) ARP and NHRP configuring description
Page
(example) LSP flooding output of show commands routing level
K
L
M
Page
N
O
P
Q
R
Page
(examples) configuring disabling EIGRP restrictions specified interfaces verifying
S
Page
Page
T
U
V
W