Cisco Systems OL-8550-09 Understanding IP Routing

38-2

Catalyst 3750 SwitchSoftware Configuration Guide

OL-8550-09

Chapter38 Configuring IP Unicast Routing

Understanding IP Routing

•Configuring Protocol-Independent Features, page38-90

•Monitoring and Maintaining the IP Network, page38-106

Note When configuring routing parameters on the switch and to allocate system resources to maximize the

number of unicast routes allowed, you can use the sdm prefer routing global configuration command

to set the Switch Database Management (sdm) feature to the routing template. For more information on

the SDM templates, see Chapter 8, “Configuring SDM Templates” or see the sdm prefer command in

the command reference for this release.

Understanding IP Routing

In some network environments, VLANs are associated with individual networks or subnetworks. In an

IP network, each subnetwork is mapped to an individual VLAN. Configuring VLANs helps control the

size of the broadcast domain and keeps local traffic local. However, network devices in different VLANs

cannot communicate with one another without a Layer 3 device (router) to route traffic between the

VLAN, referred to as inter-VLAN routing. You configure one or more routers to route traffic to the

appropriate destination VLAN.

Figure 38-1 shows a basic routing topology. SwitchA is in VLAN 10, and Switch B is in VLAN 20. The

router has an interface in each VLAN.

Figure38-1 Routing Topology Example

When Host A in VLAN 10 needs to communicate with Host B in VLAN 10, it sends a packet addressed

to that host. Switch A forwards the packet directly to Host B, without sending it to the router.

When Host A sends a packet to Host C in VLAN 20, Switch A forwards the packet to the router, which

receives the traffic on the VLAN10 interface. The router checks the routing table, finds the correct

outgoing interface, and forwards the packet on the VLAN 20 interface to Switch B. Switch B receives

the packet and forwards it to Host C.

This section contains information on these routing topics:

•Types of Routing, page38-3

•IP Routing and Switch Stacks, page 38-3

18071

A

B

C

Host

Host

Host

Switch A Switch B

VLAN 10 VLAN 20

ISL Trunks

Contents

Main Catalyst 3750 Switch Software Configuration Guide Page CONTENTS Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Preface Audience Purpose Conventions Related Publications Page Page Overview Features Ease-of-Deployment and Ease-of-Use Features Page Performance Features Management Options Manageability Features Page Availability and Redundancy Features VLAN Features Security Features Page Page QoS and CoS Features Layer 3 Features Power over Ethernet Features Monitoring Features Page Default Settings After Initial Switch Configuration Page Page Network Configuration Examples Design Concepts for Using the Switch Page Page Page Page Small to Medium-Sized Network Using Catalyst 3750 Switches Large Network Using Catalyst 3750 Switches Page Multidwelling Network Using Catalyst 3750 Switches Long-Distance, High-Bandwidth Transport Configuration Service Provider POP Mini-POP Gigabit MAN Residential location 1-30 Where to Go Next Before configuring the switch, review these sections for startup information: Using the Command-Line Interface Understanding Command Modes Page Understanding the Help System Understanding Abbreviated Commands Understanding no and default Forms of Commands Understanding CLI Error Messages Using Configuration Logging Using Command History Changing the Command History Buffer Size Recalling Commands Disabling the Command History Feature Using Editing Features Enabling and Disabling Editing Features Editing Commands through Keystrokes Editing Command Lines that Wrap Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands Accessing the CLI Accessing the CLI through a Console Connection or through Telnet Page Page Assigning the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway Understanding the Boot Process Assigning Switch Information Default Switch Information Understanding DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration DHCP Client Request Process Understanding DHCP-based Autoconfiguration and Image Update DHCP Autoconfiguration DHCP Auto-Image Update Limitations and Restrictions Configuring DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration DHCP Server Configuration Guidelines Configuring the TFTP Server Configuring the DNS Configuring the Relay Device Obtaining Configuration Files Example Configuration Configuring the DHCP Auto Configuration and Image Update Features Configuring DHCP Autoconfiguration (Only Configuration File) Page Configuring DHCP Auto-Image Update (Configuration File and Image) Configuring the Client Manually Assigning IP Information Checking and Saving the Running Configuration Configuring the NVRAM Buffer Size Modifying the Startup Configuration Default Boot Configuration Automatically Downloading a Configuration File Specifying the Filename to Read and Write the System Configuration Booting Manually Booting a Specific Software Image Controlling Environment Variables Scheduling a Reload of the Software Image Configuring a Scheduled Reload Displaying Scheduled Reload Information Configuring Cisco IOS Configuration Engine Understanding Cisco Configuration Engine Software Configuration Service Event Service NameSpace Mapper What You Should Know About the CNS IDs and Device Hostnames ConfigID DeviceID Hostname and DeviceID Using Hostname, DeviceID, and ConfigID Understanding Cisco IOS Agents Initial Configuration V Incremental (Partial) Configuration Synchronized Configuration Configuring Cisco IOS Agents Enabling Automated CNS Configuration Enabling the CNS Event Agent Page Enabling the Cisco IOS CNS Agent Enabling an Initial Configuration Page Page Enabling a Partial Configuration Displaying CNS Configuration Page Managing Switch Stacks Understanding Stacks Page Stack Membership Master Election Page Stack MAC Address and Router MAC Address Member Numbers Member Priority Values Stack Offline Configuration Effects of Adding a Provisioned Switch to a Stack Effects of Replacing a Provisioned Switch in a Stack Effects of Removing a Provisioned Switch from a Stack Hardware Compatibility and SDM Mismatch Mode in Switch Stacks Stack Software Compatibility Recommendations Stack Protocol Version Compatibility Major Version Number Incompatibility Among Switches Minor Version Number Incompatibility Among Switches Understanding Auto-Upgrade and Auto-Advise Auto-Upgrade and Auto-Advise Example Messages 5-13 Incompatible Software and Member Image Upgrades Stack Configuration Files Additional Considerations for System-Wide Configuration on Switch Stacks Stack Management Connectivity Stack Through an IP Address Stack Through an SSH Session Stack Through Console Ports Stack Configuration Scenarios Page Configuring the Switch Stack Default Switch Stack Configuration Enabling Persistent MAC Address Page Assigning Stack Member Information Assigning a Member Number Setting the Member Priority Value Provisioning a New Member for a Stack Changing the Stack Membership Accessing the CLI of a Specific Member Displaying Stack Information Troubleshooting Stacks Manually Disabling a StackWise Port Re-Enabling a StackWise Port While Another Member Starts Understanding the show switch stack-ports summary Output Identifying Loopback Problems 5-27 Software Loopback In a stack with three members, StackWise cables connect all the members. If you disconnect the stack cable from Port 1 on Switch 1, these messages appear: Switch 1 is a standalone switch. Software Loopback Example: No Connected StackWise Cable Software Loopback Examples: Connected StackWise Cables Hardware Loopback Hardware Loopback Example: LINK OK event 5-30 On a Catalyst 3750-E switch: Hardware Loop Example: LINK NOT OK Event On a Catalyst 3750 switch: 5-31 On a Catalyst 3750-E switch: Finding a Disconnected Cable If you disconnect the cable from Port 2 on Switch 1, these messages appear: Fixing a Bad Connection Between StackWise Ports Clustering Switches Understanding Switch Clusters Page Cluster Command Switch Characteristics Standby Cluster Command Switch Characteristics Candidate Switch and Cluster Member Switch Characteristics Planning a Switch Cluster Automatic Discovery of Cluster Candidates and Members Discovery Through CDP Hops Discovery Through Non-CDP-Capable and Noncluster-Capable Devices Discovery Through Different VLANs Discovery Through Different Management VLANs 6-9 Discovery Through Routed Ports Discovery of Newly Installed Switches HSRP and Standby Cluster Command Switches Virtual IP Addresses Other Considerations for Cluster Standby Groups Automatic Recovery of Cluster Configuration IP Addresses Hostnames Passwords SNMP Community Strings Switch Clusters and Switch Stacks Page TACACS+ and RADIUS LRE Profiles Using the CLI to Manage Switch Clusters Using SNMP to Manage Switch Clusters 6-19 Page Administering the Switch Understanding the System Clock Understanding Network Time Protocol Page Configuring NTP Default NTP Configuration Configuring NTP Authentication Configuring NTP Associations Configuring NTP Broadcast Service Configuring NTP Access Restrictions Creating an Access Group and Assigning a Basic IP Access List Disabling NTP Services on a Specific Interface Configuring the Source IP Address for NTP Packets Displaying the NTP Configuration Configuring Time and Date Manually Setting the System Clock Displaying the Time and Date Configuration Configuring the Time Zone Configuring Summer Time (Daylight Saving Time) Configuring a System Name and Prompt Default System Name and Prompt Configuration Configuring a System Name Understanding DNS Default DNS Configuration Setting Up DNS Displaying the DNS Configuration Creating a Banner Default Banner Configuration Configuring a Message-of-the-Day Login Banner Configuring a Login Banner Managing the MAC Address Table Building the Address Table MAC Addresses and VLANs MAC Addresses and Switch Stacks Default MAC Address Table Configuration Changing the Address Aging Time Removing Dynamic Address Entries Configuring MAC Address Change Notification Traps Page Configuring MAC Address Move Notification Traps Page Configuring MAC Threshold Notification Traps Adding and Removing Static Address Entries Configuring Unicast MAC Address Filtering Disabling MAC Address Learning on a VLAN Page Displaying Address Table Entries Managing the ARP Table Page Configuring SDM Templates Understanding the SDM Templates Dual IPv4 and IPv6 SDM Templates SDM Templates and Switch Stacks Configuring the Switch SDM Template Default SDM Template SDM Template Configuration Guidelines Setting the SDM Template Page 8-8 Displaying the SDM Templates Note The desktop keyword is available only on Catalyst 3750-12S aggregator switches. This is an example of output from the show sdm prefer command, displaying the template in use. This is an example of output from the show sdm prefer routing command entered on a desktop switch: 8-9 Page Configuring Switch-Based Authentication Preventing Unauthorized Access to Your Switch Protecting Access to Privileged EXEC Commands Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption Disabling Password Recovery Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line Configuring Username and Password Pairs Configuring Multiple Privilege Levels Setting the Privilege Level for a Command Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines Logging into and Exiting a Privilege Level Controlling Switch Access with TACACS+ Understanding TACACS+ Page TACACS+ Operation Configuring TACACS+ Default TACACS+ Configuration Identifying the TACACS+ Server Host and Setting the Authentication Key Configuring TACACS+ Login Authentication Page Configuring TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services Starting TACACS+ Accounting Establishing a Session with a Router if the AAA Server is Unreachable Displaying the TACACS+ Configuration Controlling Switch Access with RADIUS Understanding RADIUS Page RADIUS Operation RADIUS Change of Authorization Overview Change-of-Authorization Requests RFC 5176 Compliance Preconditions CoA Request Response Code Session Identification CoA ACK Response Code CoA NAK Response Code CoA Request Commands Session Reauthentication Session Reauthentication in a Switch Stack Session Termination CoA Disconnect-Request CoA Request: Disable Host Port CoA Request: Bounce-Port Stacking Guidelines for Session Termination Stacking Guidelines for CoA-Request Bounce-Port Stacking Guidelines for CoA-Request Disable-Port Configuring RADIUS Default RADIUS Configuration Identifying the RADIUS Server Host Page Configuring RADIUS Login Authentication Page Defining AAA Server Groups Page Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services Starting RADIUS Accounting Establishing a Session with a Router if the AAA Server is Unreachable Configuring Settings for All RADIUS Servers Configuring the Switch to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes Page Configuring the Switch for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication Configuring CoA on the Switch Monitoring and Troubleshooting CoA Functionality Configuring RADIUS Server Load Balancing Displaying the RADIUS Configuration Controlling Switch Access with Kerberos Understanding Kerberos Page Kerberos Operation Authenticating to a Boundary Switch Obtaining a TGT from a KDC Authenticating to Network Services Configuring Kerberos Configuring the Switch for Local Authentication and Authorization Configuring the Switch for Secure Shell Understanding SSH SSH Servers, Integrated Clients, and Supported Versions Limitations Configuring SSH Setting Up the Switch to Run SSH Configuring the SSH Server Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status Configuring the Switch for Secure Socket Layer HTTP Understanding Secure HTTP Servers and Clients Certificate Authority Trustpoints CipherSuites Configuring Secure HTTP Servers and Clients Default SSL Configuration SSL Configuration Guidelines Configuring a CA Trustpoint Configuring the Secure HTTP Server Configuring the Secure HTTP Client Displaying Secure HTTP Server and Client Status Configuring the Switch for Secure Copy Protocol Information About Secure Copy Configuring IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication Understanding IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication Page Device Roles Authentication Process 10-5 Figure 10-2 shows the authentication process. The switch re-authenticates a client when one of these situations occurs: Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange Page Authentication Manager Port-Based Authentication Methods Per-User ACLs and Filter-Ids Authentication Manager CLI Commands Ports in Authorized and Unauthorized States 802.1x Authentication and Switch Stacks 802.1x Host Mode Multidomain Authentication 802.1x Multiple Authentication Mode MAC Move MAC Replace 802.1x Accounting 802.1x Accounting Attribute-Value Pairs 802.1x Readiness Check 802.1x Authentication with VLAN Assignment Page Using 802.1x Authentication with Per-User ACLs 802.1x Authentication with Downloadable ACLs and Redirect URLs Cisco Secure ACS and Attribute-Value Pairs for the Redirect URL Cisco Secure ACS and Attribute-Value Pairs for Downloadable ACLs VLAN ID-based MAC Authentication 802.1x Authentication with Guest VLAN 802.1x Authentication with Restricted VLAN 802.1x Authentication with Inaccessible Authentication Bypass Support on Multiple-Authentication Ports Authentication Results Feature Interactions 802.1x Authentication with Voice VLAN Ports 802.1x Authentication with Port Security 802.1x Authentication with Wake-on-LAN 802.1x Authentication with MAC Authentication Bypass Page 802.1x User Distribution 802.1x User Distribution Configuration Guidelines Network Admission Control Layer 2 802.1x Validation Flexible Authentication Ordering Open1x Authentication Using Voice Aware 802.1x Security 802.1x Supplicant and Authenticator Switches with Network Edge Access Topology (NEAT) Guidelines 4 1 Using IEEE 802.1x Authentication with ACLs and the RADIUS Filter-Id Attribute 2 3 5 Common Session ID Configuring 802.1x Authentication Default 802.1x Authentication Configuration 802.1x Authentication Configuration Guidelines 802.1x Authentication VLAN Assignment, Guest VLAN, Restricted VLAN, and Inaccessible Authentication Bypass MAC Authentication Bypass Maximum Number of Allowed Devices Per Port Configuring 802.1x Readiness Check Configuring Voice Aware 802.1x Security Configuring 802.1x Violation Modes Configuring 802.1x Authentication Page Configuring the Switch-to-RADIUS-Server Communication Configuring the Host Mode Configuring Periodic Re-Authentication Manually Re-Authenticating a Client Connected to a Port Changing the Quiet Period Changing the Switch-to-Client Retransmission Time Setting the Switch-to-Client Frame-Retransmission Number Setting the Re-Authentication Number Enabling MAC Move Enabling MAC Replace Configuring 802.1x Accounting Configuring a Guest VLAN Configuring a Restricted VLAN Page Configuring the Inaccessible Authentication Bypass Feature Page Configuring 802.1x Authentication with WoL Configuring MAC Authentication Bypass Configuring 802.1x User Distribution Configuring NAC Layer 2 802.1x Validation Configuring an Authenticator and a Supplicant Switch with NEAT Configuring NEAT with Auto Smartports Macros Configuring 802.1x Authentication with Downloadable ACLs and Redirect URLs Configuring Downloadable ACLs Configuring a Downloadable Policy Page Configuring VLAN ID-based MAC Authentication Configuring Flexible Authentication Ordering Configuring Open1x Disabling 802.1x Authentication on the Port Resetting the 802.1x Authentication Configuration to the Default Values Displaying 802.1x Statistics and Status Configuring Web-Based Authentication Understanding Web-Based Authentication Device Roles Host Detection Session Creation Authentication Process Local Web Authentication Banner Page Web Authentication Customizable Web Pages Guidelines Web-based Authentication Interactions with Other Features Port Security LAN Port IP Gateway IP ACLs Context-Based Access Control 802.1x Authentication Configuring Web-Based Authentication Default Web-Based Authentication Configuration Web-Based Authentication Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions Web-Based Authentication Configuration Task List Configuring the Authentication Rule and Interfaces Configuring AAA Authentication Configuring Switch-to-RADIUS-Server Communication Page Configuring the HTTP Server Customizing the Authentication Proxy Web Pages Page Specifying a Redirection URL for Successful Login Configuring an AAA Fail Policy Configuring the Web-Based Authentication Parameters Configuring a Web Authentication Local Banner Removing Web-Based Authentication Cache Entries Displaying Web-Based Authentication Status Page Configuring Interface Characteristics Understanding Interface Types Port-Based VLANs Switch Ports Access Ports Trunk Ports Tunnel Ports Routed Ports Switch Virtual Interfaces SVI Autostate Exclude EtherChannel Port Groups 10-Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces Power over Ethernet Ports Supported Protocols and Standards Powered-Device Detection and Initial Power Allocation Power Management Modes Connecting Interfaces Using Interface Configuration Mode Procedures for Configuring Interfaces Configuring a Range of Interfaces Configuring and Using Interface Range Macros Page Configuring Ethernet Interfaces Default Ethernet Interface Configuration Configuration Guidelines for 10-Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces Configuring Interface Speed and Duplex Mode Speed and Duplex Configuration Guidelines Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters Configuring IEEE 802.3x Flow Control Configuring Auto-MDIX on an Interface Configuring a Power Management Mode on a PoE Port Budgeting Power for Devices Connected to a PoE Port Page Adding a Description for an Interface Configuring Layer 3 Interfaces Page Configuring SVI Autostate Exclude Configuring the System MTU Configuring the Cisco Redundant Power System 2300 Page Monitoring and Maintaining the Interfaces Monitoring Interface Status Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters Shutting Down and Restarting the Interface Page Configuring VLANs Understanding VLANs Supported VLANs VLAN Port Membership Modes Configuring Normal-Range VLANs Page Token Ring VLANs Normal-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines Configuring Normal-Range VLANs Default Ethernet VLAN Configuration Creating or Modifying an Ethernet VLAN Deleting a VLAN Assigning Static-Access Ports to a VLAN Configuring Extended-Range VLANs Default VLAN Configuration Extended-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines Creating an Extended-Range VLAN Creating an Extended-Range VLAN with an Internal VLAN ID Page Displaying VLANs Configuring VLAN Trunks Trunking Overview Page Encapsulation Types IEEE 802.1Q Configuration Considerations Default Layer 2 Ethernet Interface VLAN Configuration Configuring an Ethernet Interface as a Trunk Port Interaction with Other Features Page Configuring a Trunk Port Defining the Allowed VLANs on a Trunk Changing the Pruning-Eligible List Configuring the Native VLAN for Untagged Traffic Configuring Trunk Ports for Load Sharing Load Sharing Using STP Port Priorities Load Sharing Using STP Path Cost Page Configuring VMPS Understanding VMPS Dynamic-Access Port VLAN Membership Default VMPS Client Configuration VMPS Configuration Guidelines Configuring the VMPS Client Entering the IP Address of the VMPS Configuring Dynamic-Access Ports on VMPS Clients Reconfirming VLAN Memberships Changing the Reconfirmation Interval Changing the Retry Count Monitoring the VMPS Troubleshooting Dynamic-Access Port VLAN Membership VMPS Configuration Example 13-34 Configuring VTP Understanding VTP The VTP Domain VTP Modes VTP Advertisements VTP Version 2 VTP Version 3 VTP Pruning VTP and Switch Stacks Configuring VTP Default VTP Configuration VTP Configuration Guidelines Domain Names Passwords VTP Version Configuration Requirements Configuring VTP Mode Page Configuring a VTP Version 3 Password Configuring a VTP Version 3 Primary Server Enabling the VTP Version Enabling VTP Pruning Configuring VTP on a Per-Port Basis Adding a VTP Client Switch to a VTP Domain Monitoring VTP Page Configuring Voice VLAN Understanding Voice VLAN Cisco IP Phone Voice Traffic Cisco IP Phone Data Traffic Configuring Voice VLAN Default Voice VLAN Configuration Voice VLAN Configuration Guidelines Page Configuring a Port Connected to a Cisco 7960 IP Phone Configuring Cisco IP Phone Voice Traffic Page Configuring the Priority of Incoming Data Frames Displaying Voice VLAN Configuring Private VLANs Understanding Private VLANs Page IP Addressing Scheme with Private VLANs Private VLANs across Multiple Switches Private-VLAN Interaction with Other Features Private VLANs and Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Traffic Private VLANs and SVIs Private VLANs and Switch Stacks Configuring Private VLANs Tasks for Configuring Private VLANs Default Private-VLAN Configuration Private-VLAN Configuration Guidelines Secondary and Primary VLAN Configuration Page Private-VLAN Port Configuration Limitations with Other Features Configuring and Associating VLANs in a Private VLAN Page Configuring a Layer 2 Interface as a Private-VLAN Host Port Configuring a Layer 2 Interface as a Private-VLAN Promiscuous Port Mapping Secondary VLANs to a Primary VLAN Layer 3 VLAN Interface Monitoring Private VLANs Page Configuring IEEE 802.1Q and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Understanding IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Page Page Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Default IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Configuration IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Configuration Guidelines Native VLANs System MTU IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Other Features Configuring an IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Port Understanding Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Page 17-9 Configuring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Default Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration Guidelines Configuring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuring Layer 2 Tunneling for EtherChannels Configuring the SP Edge Switch Page Configuring the Customer Switch 17-17 SP edge switch 2 configuration: Monitoring and Maintaining Tunneling Status Configuring STP Understanding Spanning-Tree Features STP Overview Spanning-Tree Topology and BPDUs Page Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID Spanning-Tree Interface States Page Blocking State Listening State Learning State Forwarding State Disabled State How a Switch or Port Becomes the Root Switch or Root Port Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity Spanning-Tree Address Management Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity Spanning-Tree Modes and Protocols Supported Spanning-Tree Instances Spanning-Tree Interoperability and Backward Compatibility STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks VLAN-Bridge Spanning Tree Spanning Tree and Switch Stacks Configuring Spanning-Tree Features Default Spanning-Tree Configuration Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines Page Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode. Disabling Spanning Tree Configuring the Root Switch Page Configuring a Secondary Root Switch Configuring Port Priority Page Configuring Path Cost Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN Configuring Spanning-Tree Timers Configuring the Hello Time Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a VLAN Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a VLAN Configuring the Transmit Hold-Count Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status Configuring MSTP Understanding MSTP Multiple Spanning-Tree Regions IST, CIST, and CST Operations Within an MST Region Operations Between MST Regions IEEE 802.1s Terminology Hop Count Boundary Ports IEEE 802.1s Implementation Port Role Naming Change Interoperation Between Legacy and Standard Switches Detecting Unidirectional Link Failure MSTP and Switch Stacks Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP Understanding RSTP Port Roles and the Active Topology Rapid Convergence Synchronization of Port Roles Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing Processing Superior BPDU Information Processing Inferior BPDU Information Topology Changes Configuring MSTP Features Default MSTP Configuration MSTP Configuration Guidelines Specifying the MST Region Configuration and Enabling MSTP Page Configuring the Root Switch Configuring a Secondary Root Switch Configuring Port Priority Page Configuring Path Cost Configuring the Switch Priority Configuring the Hello Time Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time Configuring the Maximum-Hop Count Specifying the Link Type to Ensure Rapid Transitions Designating the Neighbor Type Restarting the Protocol Migration Process Displaying the MST Configuration and Status Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features Understanding Optional Spanning-Tree Features Understanding Port Fast Understanding BPDU Guard Understanding BPDU Filtering Understanding UplinkFast Page Understanding Cross-Stack UplinkFast How CSUF Works Events that Cause Fast Convergence Understanding BackboneFast Page Page Understanding EtherChannel Guard Understanding Root Guard Understanding Loop Guard Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features Default Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines Enabling Port Fast Enabling BPDU Guard Enabling BPDU Filtering Enabling UplinkFast for Use with Redundant Links Enabling Cross-Stack UplinkFast Enabling BackboneFast Enabling EtherChannel Guard Enabling Root Guard Enabling Loop Guard Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status Configuring Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update Feature Understanding Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update Flex Links Page VLAN Flex Link Load Balancing and Support Flex Link Multicast Fast Convergence Learning the Other Flex Link Port as the mrouter Port Generating IGMP Reports Leaking IGMP Reports Configuration Examples Page MAC Address-Table Move Update Configuring Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update Page Configuring Flex Links Page Configuring VLAN Load Balancing on Flex Links Configuring the MAC Address-Table Move Update Feature Page Monitoring Flex Links and the MAC Address-Table Move Update Configuring DHCP Features and IP Source Guard Features Understanding DHCP Snooping DHCP Server DHCP Relay Agent DHCP Snooping Page Option-82 Data Insertion Page Circuit ID Suboption Frame Format Remote ID Suboption Frame Format Cisco IOS DHCP Server Database Circuit ID Suboption Frame Format (for user-configured string): Remote ID Suboption Frame Format (for user-configured string): DHCP Snooping Binding Database DHCP Snooping and Switch Stacks Configuring DHCP Snooping Default DHCP Snooping Configuration DHCP Snooping Configuration Guidelines Configuring the DHCP Relay Agent Specifying the Packet Forwarding Address Enabling DHCP Snooping and Option 82 Page Enabling DHCP Snooping on Private VLANs Enabling the Cisco IOS DHCP Server Database Enabling the DHCP Snooping Binding Database Agent Displaying DHCP Snooping Information Understanding IP Source Guard Source IP Address Filtering Source IP and MAC Address Filtering IP Source Guard for Static Hosts Configuring IP Source Guard Default IP Source Guard Configuration IP Source Guard Configuration Guidelines Enabling IP Source Guard Configuring IP Source Guard for Static Hosts Configuring IP Source Guard for Static Hosts on a Layer 2 Access Port Page 22-23 22-24 This example displays all active IP or MAC binding entries for all interfaces: This example displays the count of all IP device tracking host entries for all interfaces: Configuring IP Source Guard for Static Hosts on a Private VLAN Host Port 22-26 This example shows how to enable IPSG for static hosts with IP filters on a private VLAN host port: The output shows that the five valid IP-MAC bindings are on both the primary and secondary VLAN. Displaying IP Source Guard Information Understanding DHCP Server Port-Based Address Allocation Configuring DHCP Server Port-Based Address Allocation Default Port-Based Address Allocation Configuration Port-Based Address Allocation Configuration Guidelines Enabling DHCP Server Port-Based Address Allocation Page Displaying DHCP Server Port-Based Address Allocation Page Page Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection Understanding Dynamic ARP Inspection Page Interface Trust States and Network Security Rate Limiting of ARP Packets Relative Priority of ARP ACLs and DHCP Snooping Entries Logging of Dropped Packets Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection Default Dynamic ARP Inspection Configuration Dynamic ARP Inspection Configuration Guidelines Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection in DHCP Environments Page Configuring ARP ACLs for Non-DHCP Environments Page Limiting the Rate of Incoming ARP Packets Performing Validation Checks Configuring the Log Buffer Page Displaying Dynamic ARP Inspection Information Page Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR Understanding IGMP Snooping IGMP Versions Joining a Multicast Group Page Leaving a Multicast Group Immediate Leave IGMP Configurable-Leave Timer IGMP Report Suppression IGMP Snooping and Switch Stacks Configuring IGMP Snooping Default IGMP Snooping Configuration Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping Setting the Snooping Method Configuring a Multicast Router Port Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group Enabling IGMP Immediate Leave Configuring the IGMP Leave Timer Configuring TCN-Related Commands Controlling the Multicast Flooding Time After a TCN Event Recovering from Flood Mode Disabling Multicast Flooding During a TCN Event Configuring the IGMP Snooping Querier Disabling IGMP Report Suppression Displaying IGMP Snooping Information Understanding Multicast VLAN Registration Using MVR in a Multicast Television Application Configuring MVR Default MVR Configuration MVR Configuration Guidelines and Limitations Configuring MVR Global Parameters Page Configuring MVR Interfaces Displaying MVR Information Configuring IGMP Filtering and Throttling Default IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration Configuring IGMP Profiles Applying IGMP Profiles Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups Configuring the IGMP Throttling Action Displaying IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration Configuring Port-Based Traffic Control Configuring Storm Control Understanding Storm Control Default Storm Control Configuration Configuring Storm Control and Threshold Levels Page Configuring Small-Frame Arrival Rate Configuring Protected Ports Default Protected Port Configuration Protected Port Configuration Guidelines Configuring a Protected Port Configuring Port Blocking Default Port Blocking Configuration Blocking Flooded Traffic on an Interface Configuring Port Security Understanding Port Security Secure MAC Addresses Security Violations Default Port Security Configuration Port Security Configuration Guidelines Enabling and Configuring Port Security Page Page Page Page Enabling and Configuring Port Security Aging Port Security and Switch Stacks Port Security and Private VLANs Displaying Port-Based Traffic Control Settings Configuring CDP Understanding CDP CDP and Switch Stacks Configuring CDP Default CDP Configuration Configuring the CDP Characteristics Disabling and Enabling CDP Disabling and Enabling CDP on an Interface Monitoring and Maintaining CDP Page Configuring LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service Understanding LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service LLDP LLDP-MED Wired Location Service Page Configuring LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service Default LLDP Configuration Enabling LLDP Configuring LLDP Characteristics Configuring LLDP-MED TLVs Configuring Network-Policy TLV Configuring Location TLV and Wired Location Service Page Monitoring and Maintaining LLDP, LLDP-MED, and Wired Location Service Configuring UDLD Understanding UDLD Modes of Operation Methods to Detect Unidirectional Links Configuring UDLD Default UDLD Configuration Enabling UDLD Globally Enabling UDLD on an Interface Resetting an Interface Disabled by UDLD Displaying UDLD Status Page Configuring SPAN and RSPAN Understanding SPAN and RSPAN Local SPAN Remote SPAN SPAN and RSPAN Concepts and Terminology SPAN Sessions Monitored Traffic Source Ports Source VLANs VLAN Filtering Destination Port RSPAN VLAN SPAN and RSPAN Interaction with Other Features SPAN and RSPAN and Switch Stacks Configuring SPAN and RSPAN Default SPAN and RSPAN Configuration Configuring Local SPAN SPAN Configuration Guidelines Creating a Local SPAN Session Page Page Creating a Local SPAN Session and Configuring Incoming Traffic Specifying VLANs to Filter Configuring RSPAN RSPAN Configuration Guidelines Configuring a VLAN as an RSPAN VLAN Creating an RSPAN Source Session Page Creating an RSPAN Destination Session Creating an RSPAN Destination Session and Configuring Incoming Traffic Specifying VLANs to Filter Displaying SPAN and RSPAN Status Configuring RMON Understanding RMON Configuring RMON Default RMON Configuration Configuring RMON Alarms and Events Page Collecting Group History Statistics on an Interface Collecting Group Ethernet Statistics on an Interface Displaying RMON Status Page Configuring System Message Logging Understanding System Message Logging Configuring System Message Logging System Log Message Format Page Default System Message Logging Configuration Disabling Message Logging Setting the Message Display Destination Device Page Synchronizing Log Messages Enabling and Disabling Time Stamps on Log Messages Enabling and Disabling Sequence Numbers in Log Messages Defining the Message Severity Level Limiting Syslog Messages Sent to the History Table and to SNMP Enabling the Configuration-Change Logger Configuring UNIX Syslog Servers Logging Messages to a UNIX Syslog Daemon Configuring the UNIX System Logging Facility Displaying the Logging Configuration Configuring SNMP Understanding SNMP SNMP Versions Page SNMP Manager Functions SNMP Agent Functions SNMP Community Strings Using SNMP to Access MIB Variables SNMP Notifications SNMP ifIndex MIB Object Values Configuring SNMP Default SNMP Configuration SNMP Configuration Guidelines Disabling the SNMP Agent Configuring Community Strings Page Configuring SNMP Groups and Users Page Page Configuring SNMP Notifications Page Page Setting the CPU Threshold Notification Types and Values Setting the Agent Contact and Location Information Limiting TFTP Servers Used Through SNMP SNMP Examples Displaying SNMP Status Page Configuring Embedded Event Manager Understanding Embedded Event Manager Event Detectors Page Embedded Event Manager Actions Embedded Event Manager Policies Embedded Event Manager Environment Variables EEM 3.2 Configuring Embedded Event Manager Registering and Defining an Embedded Event Manager Applet Registering and Defining an Embedded Event Manager TCL Script Displaying Embedded Event Manager Information Page Configuring Network Security with ACLs Understanding ACLs Supported ACLs Port ACLs Router ACLs VLAN Maps Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic ACLs and Switch Stacks Configuring IPv4 ACLs Creating Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs Access List Numbers ACL Logging Creating a Numbered Standard ACL Creating a Numbered Extended ACL Page Page Page Resequencing ACEs in an ACL Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs Page Using Time Ranges with ACLs Page Including Comments in ACLs Applying an IPv4 ACL to a Terminal Line Applying an IPv4 ACL to an Interface Page Hardware and Software Treatment of IP ACLs Troubleshooting ACLs IPv4 ACL Configuration Examples Page Numbered ACLs Extended ACLs Named ACLs Time Range Applied to an IP ACL Commented IP ACL Entries ACL Logging Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs Applying a MAC ACL to a Layer 2 Interface Configuring VLAN Maps VLAN Map Configuration Guidelines Creating a VLAN Map Examples of ACLs and VLAN Maps Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Applying a VLAN Map to a VLAN Using VLAN Maps in Your Network Wiring Closet Configuration Denying Access to a Server on Another VLAN Using VLAN Maps with Router ACLs VLAN Maps and Router ACL Configuration Guidelines Examples of Router ACLs and VLAN Maps Applied to VLANs ACLs and Switched Packets ACLs and Bridged Packets 34-40 ACLs and Routed Packets ACLs and Multicast Packets Displaying IPv4 ACL Configuration Configuring QoS Understanding QoS Page Basic QoS Model Classification Page 35-7 Classification Based on QoS ACLs Classification Based on Class Maps and Policy Maps Policing and Marking Policing on Physical Ports Policing on SVIs Page Mapping Tables Queueing and Scheduling Overview Weighted Tail Drop SRR Shaping and Sharing Queueing and Scheduling on Ingress Queues WTD Thresholds Buffer and Bandwidth Allocation Priority Queueing Queueing and Scheduling on Egress Queues Page Buffer and Memory Allocation WTD Thresholds Shaped or Shared Mode Packet Modification Configuring Auto-QoS Generated Auto-QoS Configuration VOIP Device Specifics Enhanced Auto-QoS for Video, Trust, and Classification Auto-QoS Configuration Migration Global Auto-QoS Configuration 35-25 The switch automatically maps CoS values to an egress queue and to a threshold ID. The switch automatically maps DSCP values to an ingress queue and to a threshold ID. Table35-5 Generated Auto-QoS Configuration (continued) Description Automatically Generated Command {voip} 35-26 The switch automatically maps DSCP values to an egress queue and to a threshold ID. Table35-5 Generated Auto-QoS Configuration (continued) Description Automatically Generated Command {voip} Enhanced Automatically Generated Command{Video|Trust|Classify} Auto-QoS Generated Configuration For VoIP Devices Auto-QoS Generated Configuration For Enhanced Video, Trust, and Classify Devices 35-29 35-30 This is the enhanced configuration for the auto qos voip cisco-phone command: This is the enhanced configuration for the auto qos voip cisco-softphone command: Effects of Auto-QoS on the Configuration Auto-QoS Configuration Guidelines Auto-QoS Enhanced Considerations Upgrading from Cisco IOS Release 12.2(20)SE or Earlier Enabling Auto-QoS Troubleshooting Auto QoS Commands Displaying Auto-QoS Information Configuring Standard QoS Default Standard QoS Configuration Default Ingress Queue Configuration Default Egress Queue Configuration Default Mapping Table Configuration Standard QoS Configuration Guidelines QoS ACL Guidelines Applying QoS on Interfaces Policing Guidelines General QoS Guidelines Enabling QoS Globally Enabling VLAN-Based QoS on Physical Ports Configuring Classification Using Port Trust States Configuring the Trust State on Ports within the QoS Domain Page Configuring the CoS Value for an Interface Configuring a Trusted Boundary to Ensure Port Security Page Enabling DSCP Transparency Mode Configuring the DSCP Trust State on a Port Bordering Another QoS Domain Page Configuring a QoS Policy Classifying Traffic by Using ACLs Page Page Classifying Traffic by Using Class Maps Page Classifying, Policing, and Marking Traffic on Physical Ports by Using Policy Maps Page Page Page Classifying, Policing, and Marking Traffic on SVIs by Using Hierarchical Policy Maps Page Page Page Page Page Page 35-64 This example shows how to configure default traffic class to a policy map: Classifying, Policing, and Marking Traffic by Using Aggregate Policers Page Page Configuring DSCP Maps Configuring the CoS-to-DSCP Map Configuring the IP-Precedence-to-DSCP Map Configuring the Policed-DSCP Map Configuring the DSCP-to-CoS Map Configuring the DSCP-to-DSCP-Mutation Map Page Configuring Ingress Queue Characteristics Mapping DSCP or CoS Values to an Ingress Queue and Setting WTD Thresholds Page Allocating Buffer Space Between the Ingress Queues Allocating Bandwidth Between the Ingress Queues Configuring the Ingress Priority Queue Configuring Egress Queue Characteristics Allocating Buffer Space to and Setting WTD Thresholds for an Egress Queue-Set Page Mapping DSCP or CoS Values to an Egress Queue and to a Threshold ID Page Configuring SRR Shaped Weights on Egress Queues Configuring SRR Shared Weights on Egress Queues Configuring the Egress Expedite Queue Limiting the Bandwidth on an Egress Interface Displaying Standard QoS Information Page Configuring EtherChannels and Link-State Tracking Understanding EtherChannels EtherChannel Overview Page Port-Channel Interfaces Port Aggregation Protocol PAgP Modes PAgP Interaction with Virtual Switches and Dual-Active Detection PAgP Interaction with Other Features Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP Modes LACP Interaction with Other Features EtherChannel On Mode Load Balancing and Forwarding Methods Page EtherChannel and Switch Stacks Configuring EtherChannels Default EtherChannel Configuration EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels Page Configuring Layer 3 EtherChannels Creating Port-Channel Logical Interfaces Configuring the Physical Interfaces Page Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing Configuring the PAgP Learn Method and Priority Configuring LACP Hot-Standby Ports Configuring the LACP System Priority Configuring the LACP Port Priority Displaying EtherChannel, PAgP, and LACP Status Understanding Link-State Tracking Page 36-25 Configuring Link-State Tracking Default Link-State Tracking Configuration Link-State Tracking Configuration Guidelines Configuring Link-State Tracking Displaying Link-State Tracking Status Page Configuring TelePresence E911 IP Phone Support Understanding TelePresence E911 IP Phone Support Configuring TelePresence E911 IP Phone Support Enabling TelePresence E911 IP Phone Support Example 37-4 Configuring IP Unicast Routing Understanding IP Routing Types of Routing IP Routing and Switch Stacks Page Steps for Configuring Routing Configuring IP Addressing Default Addressing Configuration Assigning IP Addresses to Network Interfaces Use of Subnet Zero Classless Routing Configuring Address Resolution Methods Define a Static ARP Cache Set ARP Encapsulation Enable Proxy ARP Routing Assistance When IP Routing is Disabled Proxy ARP Default Gateway ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) Configuring Broadcast Packet Handling Enabling Directed Broadcast-to-Physical Broadcast Translation Forwarding UDP Broadcast Packets and Protocols Establishing an IP Broadcast Address Flooding IP Broadcasts Monitoring and Maintaining IP Addressing Enabling IP Unicast Routing Configuring RIP Default RIP Configuration Configuring Basic RIP Parameters Page Configuring RIP Authentication Configuring Summary Addresses and Split Horizon Configuring Split Horizon Configuring OSPF Default OSPF Configuration Page OSPF for Routed Access OSPF Nonstop Forwarding OSPF NSF Awareness OSPF NSF Capability Configuring Basic OSPF Parameters Configuring OSPF Interfaces Configuring OSPF Area Parameters Configuring Other OSPF Parameters Page Changing LSA Group Pacing Configuring a Loopback Interface Monitoring OSPF Configuring EIGRP Default EIGRP Configuration Page EIGRP Nonstop Forwarding EIGRP NSF Awareness EIGRP NSF Capability Configuring Basic EIGRP Parameters Configuring EIGRP Interfaces Configuring EIGRP Route Authentication Configuring EIGRP Stub Routing Page Monitoring and Maintaining EIGRP Configuring BGP Page Default BGP Configuration Page Page Nonstop Forwarding Awareness Enabling BGP Routing Page Managing Routing Policy Changes Page Configuring BGP Decision Attributes Page Configuring BGP Filtering with Route Maps Configuring BGP Filtering by Neighbor Page Configuring Prefix Lists for BGP Filtering Configuring BGP Community Filtering Configuring BGP Neighbors and Peer Groups Page Configuring Aggregate Addresses Configuring Routing Domain Confederations Configuring BGP Route Reflectors Configuring Route Dampening Monitoring and Maintaining BGP Configuring ISO CLNS Routing Configuring IS-IS Dynamic Routing Default IS-IS Configuration Nonstop Forwarding Awareness Enabling IS-IS Routing Page Configuring IS-IS Global Parameters Page Configuring IS-IS Interface Parameters Page Monitoring and Maintaining ISO IGRP and IS-IS Configuring Multi-VRF CE Understanding Multi-VRF CE Page Default Multi-VRF CE Configuration Multi-VRF CE Configuration Guidelines Configuring VRFs Configuring Multicast VRFs Configuring VRF-Aware Services User Interface for ARP User Interface for PING User Interface for SNMP User Interface for HSRP User Interface for VRF-Aware RADIUS User Interface for Syslog User Interface for Traceroute User Interface for FTP and TFTP Configuring a VPN Routing Session Configuring BGP PE to CE Routing Sessions Multi-VRF CE Configuration Example 38-87 Configuring Switch A On Switch A, enable routing and configure VRF. 38-88 Configure OSPF routing in VPN1 and VPN2. Configure BGP for CE to PE routing. Configuring Switch D Switch D belongs to VPN 1. Configure the connection to Switch A by using these commands. Configuring Switch F Switch F belongs to VPN 2. Configure the connection to Switch A by using these commands. 38-89 Configuring the PE Switch B Displaying Multi-VRF CE Status Configuring Protocol-Independent Features Configuring Distributed Cisco Express Forwarding Configuring the Number of Equal-Cost Routing Paths Configuring Static Unicast Routes Page Specifying Default Routes and Networks Using Route Maps to Redistribute Routing Information Page Page Page Configuring Policy-Based Routing PBR Configuration Guidelines Enabling PBR Page Filtering Routing Information Setting Passive Interfaces Controlling Advertising and Processing in Routing Updates Filtering Sources of Routing Information Managing Authentication Keys Page Monitoring and Maintaining the IP Network Configuring IPv6 Unicast Routing Understanding IPv6 IPv6 Addresses Supported IPv6 Unicast Routing Features 128-Bit Wide Unicast Addresses DNS for IPv6 Path MTU Discovery for IPv6 Unicast ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Default Router Preference IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration and Duplicate Address Detection IPv6 Applications Dual IPv4 and IPv6 Protocol Stacks DHCP for IPv6 Address Assignment Static Routes for IPv6 RIP for IPv6 OSPF for IPv6 EIGRP for IPv6 HSRP for IPv6 SNMP and Syslog Over IPv6 Unsupported IPv6 Unicast Routing Features Limitations IPv6 and Switch Stacks Page Configuring IPv6 Default IPv6 Configuration Configuring IPv6 Addressing and Enabling IPv6 Routing Page Configuring Default Router Preference Configuring IPv4 and IPv6 Protocol Stacks Configuring DHCP for IPv6 Address Assignment Default DHCPv6 Address Assignment Configuration DHCPv6 Address Assignment Configuration Guidelines Enabling DHCPv6 Server Function Page Enabling DHCPv6 Client Function Configuring IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting Configuring CEF and dCEF for IPv6 Configuring Static Routes for IPv6 Configuring RIP for IPv6 Configuring OSPF for IPv6 Page Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 Configuring HSRP for IPv6 Enabling HSRP Version 2 Enabling an HSRP Group for IPv6 Page Displaying IPv6 Page 39-30 This is an example of the output from the show ipv6 protocols privileged EXEC command: This is an example of the output from the show ipv6 rip privileged EXEC command: This is an example of the output from the show ipv6 static privileged EXEC command: This is an example of the output from the show ipv6 neighbor privileged EXEC command: 39-31 This is an example of the output from the show ipv6 traffic privileged EXEC command. Page Configuring IPv6 MLD Snooping Understanding MLD Snooping MLD Messages MLD Queries Multicast Client Aging Robustness Multicast Router Discovery MLD Reports MLD Done Messages and Immediate-Leave Topology Change Notification Processing MLD Snooping in Switch Stacks Configuring IPv6 MLD Snooping Default MLD Snooping Configuration MLD Snooping Configuration Guidelines Enabling or Disabling MLD Snooping Configuring a Static Multicast Group Configuring a Multicast Router Port Enabling MLD Immediate Leave Configuring MLD Snooping Queries Disabling MLD Listener Message Suppression Displaying MLD Snooping Information Configuring IPv6 ACLs Understanding IPv6 ACLs Supported ACL Features IPv6 ACL Limitations IPv6 ACLs and Switch Stacks Configuring IPv6 ACLs Default IPv6 ACL Configuration Interaction with Other Features Creating IPv6 ACLs Page Applying an IPv6 ACL to an Interface Displaying IPv6 ACLs Configuring HSRP Understanding HSRP Page HSRP Versions Multiple HSRP HSRP and Switch Stacks Configuring HSRP Default HSRP Configuration HSRP Configuration Guidelines Enabling HSRP Page Configuring HSRP Priority Page Configuring MHSRP Configuring HSRP Authentication and Timers Page Enabling HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages Configuring HSRP Groups and Clustering Troubleshooting HSRP Displaying HSRP Configurations Page Configuring Cisco IOS IP SLAs Operations Understanding Cisco IOS IP SLAs Page Using Cisco IOS IP SLAs to Measure Network Performance IP SLAs Responder and IP SLAs Control Protocol Response Time Computation for IP SLAs IP SLAs Operation Scheduling IP SLAs Operation Threshold Monitoring Configuring IP SLAs Operations Page Configuring the IP SLAs Responder Analyzing IP Service Levels by Using the UDP Jitter Operation Page Page Page Analyzing IP Service Levels by Using the ICMP Echo Operation Page Monitoring IP SLAs Operations Configuring Enhanced Object Tracking Understanding Enhanced Object Tracking Configuring Enhanced Object Tracking Features Tracking Interface Line-Protocol or IP Routing State Configuring a Tracked List Configuring a Tracked List with a Boolean Expression Configuring a Tracked List with a Weight Threshold Configuring a Tracked List with a Percentage Threshold Page Configuring HSRP Object Tracking Configuring Other Tracking Characteristics Configuring IP SLAs Object Tracking Page Configuring Static Routing Support Configuring a Primary Interface Configuring a Cisco IP SLAs Monitoring Agent and Track Object Configuring a Routing Policy and Default Route Monitoring Enhanced Object Tracking Page Configuring Cache Services By Using WCCP Understanding WCCP WCCP Message Exchange WCCP Negotiation MD5 Security Packet Redirection and Service Groups Page WCCP and Switch Stacks Unsupported WCCP Features Configuring WCCP Default WCCP Configuration WCCP Configuration Guidelines Enabling the Cache Service Page Page Monitoring and Maintaining WCCP Page Configuring IP Multicast Routing Understanding Ciscos Implementation of IP Multicast Routing Understanding IGMP IGMP Version 1 IGMP Version 2 Understanding PIM PIM Versions PIM Modes PIM DM PIM SM PIM Stub Routing IGMP Helper Auto-RP Bootstrap Router Multicast Forwarding and Reverse Path Check Page Understanding DVMRP Understanding CGMP Multicast Routing and Switch Stacks Configuring IP Multicast Routing Default Multicast Routing Configuration Multicast Routing Configuration Guidelines PIMv1 and PIMv2 Interoperability Auto-RP and BSR Configuration Guidelines Configuring Basic Multicast Routing Page Configuring Source-Specific Multicast SSM Components Overview How SSM Differs from Internet Standard Multicast SSM IP Address Range SSM Operations IGMPv3 Host Signalling Legacy Applications Within the SSM Range Restrictions Address Management Restrictions IGMP Snooping and CGMP Limitations State Maintenance Limitations Configuring SSM Configuring Source Specific Multicast Mapping SSM Mapping Overview Static SSM Mapping DNS-Based SSM Mapping Configuring SSM Mapping Configuring Static SSM Mapping Configuring DNS-Based SSM Mapping Configuring Static Traffic Forwarding with SSM Mapping Monitoring SSM Mapping Configuring PIM Stub Routing PIM Stub Routing Configuration Guidelines Enabling PIM Stub Routing Configuring a Rendezvous Point Manually Assigning an RP to Multicast Groups Page Configuring Auto-RP Setting up Auto-RP in a New Internetwork Adding Auto-RP to an Existing Sparse-Mode Cloud Page Preventing Join Messages to False RPs Filtering Incoming RP Announcement Messages Configuring PIMv2 BSR Defining the PIM Domain Border Defining the IP Multicast Boundary Configuring Candidate BSRs Page Using Auto-RP and a BSR Monitoring the RP Mapping Information Troubleshooting PIMv1 and PIMv2 Interoperability Problems Configuring Advanced PIM Features Understanding PIM Shared Tree and Source Tree Delaying the Use of PIM Shortest-Path Tree Modifying the PIM Router-Query Message Interval Configuring Optional IGMP Features Default IGMP Configuration Configuring the Switch as a Member of a Group Controlling Access to IP Multicast Groups Changing the IGMP Version Modifying the IGMP Host-Query Message Interval Changing the IGMP Query Timeout for IGMPv2 Changing the Maximum Query Response Time for IGMPv2 Configuring the Switch as a Statically Connected Member Configuring Optional Multicast Routing Features Enabling CGMP Server Support Configuring sdr Listener Support Enabling sdr Listener Support Limiting How Long an sdr Cache Entry Exists Configuring an IP Multicast Boundary Configuring Basic DVMRP Interoperability Features Configuring DVMRP Interoperability Page Configuring a DVMRP Tunnel Advertising Network 0.0.0.0 to DVMRP Neighbors Responding to mrinfo Requests Configuring Advanced DVMRP Interoperability Features Enabling DVMRP Unicast Routing Rejecting a DVMRP Nonpruning Neighbor Page Controlling Route Exchanges Limiting the Number of DVMRP Routes Advertised Changing the DVMRP Route Threshold Configuring a DVMRP Summary Address Page Disabling DVMRP Autosummarization Adding a Metric Offset to the DVMRP Route Monitoring and Maintaining IP Multicast Routing Clearing Caches, Tables, and Databases Displaying System and Network Statistics Monitoring IP Multicast Routing Page Configuring MSDP Understanding MSDP MSDP Operation MSDP Benefits Configuring MSDP Default MSDP Configuration Configuring a Default MSDP Peer Page Caching Source-Active State Page Requesting Source Information from an MSDP Peer Controlling Source Information that Your Switch Originates Redistributing Sources Filtering Source-Active Request Messages Controlling Source Information that Your Switch Forwards Using a Filter Using TTL to Limit the Multicast Data Sent in SA Messages Controlling Source Information that Your Switch Receives Page Configuring an MSDP Mesh Group Shutting Down an MSDP Peer Including a Bordering PIM Dense-Mode Region in MSDP Configuring an Originating Address other than the RP Address Monitoring and Maintaining MSDP Configuring Fallback Bridging Understanding Fallback Bridging Fallback Bridging Overview Page Fallback Bridging and Switch Stacks Configuring Fallback Bridging Default Fallback Bridging Configuration Fallback Bridging Configuration Guidelines Creating a Bridge Group Page Adjusting Spanning-Tree Parameters Changing the VLAN-Bridge Spanning-Tree Priority Changing the Interface Priority Assigning a Path Cost Adjusting BPDU Intervals Adjusting the Interval between Hello BPDUs Changing the Forward-Delay Interval Changing the Maximum-Idle Interval Disabling the Spanning Tree on an Interface Monitoring and Maintaining Fallback Bridging Page Troubleshooting Recovering from a Software Failure Recovering from a Lost or Forgotten Password Procedure with Password Recovery Enabled Page Procedure with Password Recovery Disabled Page Preventing Switch Stack Problems Recovering from a Command Switch Failure Replacing a Failed Command Switch with a Cluster Member Page Replacing a Failed Command Switch with Another Switch Recovering from Lost Cluster Member Connectivity Preventing Autonegotiation Mismatches Troubleshooting Power over Ethernet Switch Ports Disabled Port Caused by Power Loss Disabled Port Caused by False Link Up SFP Module Security and Identification Monitoring SFP Module Status Monitoring Temperature Using Ping Understanding Ping Executing Ping Using Layer 2 Traceroute Understanding Layer 2 Traceroute Usage Guidelines Displaying the Physical Path Using IP Traceroute Understanding IP Traceroute Executing IP Traceroute Using TDR Understanding TDR Running TDR and Displaying the Results Using Debug Commands Enabling Debugging on a Specific Feature Enabling All-System Diagnostics Redirecting Debug and Error Message Output Using the show platform forward Command 49-23 Using the crashinfo Files Basic crashinfo Files Extended crashinfo Files Memory Consistency Check Routines Displaying TCAM Memory Consistency Check Errors Troubleshooting Tables Troubleshooting CPU Utilization Possible Symptoms of High CPU Utilization Verifying the Problem and Cause Troubleshooting Power over Ethernet (PoE) Page Page Troubleshooting Stackwise Page Configuring Online Diagnostics Understanding How Online Diagnostics Work Scheduling Online Diagnostics Configuring Health-Monitoring Diagnostics Running Online Diagnostic Tests Starting Online Diagnostic Tests 50-4 You see this message if the test will cause a stack partition: Displaying Online Diagnostic Tests and Test Results 50-6 This example shows h ow to display the online diagnostic test status: This example shows how to display the online diagnostic test schedule for a switch: A Configuring the Catalyst 3750G Integrated Wireless LAN Controller Switch Understanding the Wireless LAN Controller Switch The Wireless LAN Controller Switch and Switch Stacks Controller and Switch Interaction Internal Ports Configuring the Wireless LAN Controller Switch Internal Port Configuration Reconfiguring the Internal Ports Accessing the Controller A-7 Displaying Internal Wireless Controller Information Page B Supported MIBs MIB List Page Page Using FTP to Access the MIB Files C Working with the Cisco IOS File System, Configuration Files, and Software Images Working with the Flash File System Displaying Available File Systems Setting the Default File System Displaying Information about Files on a File System Changing Directories and Displaying the Working Directory Creating and Removing Directories Copying Files Deleting Files Creating, Displaying, and Extracting tar Files Creating a tar File Displaying the Contents of a tar File Extracting a tar File Displaying the Contents of a File Working with Configuration Files Guidelines for Creating and Using Configuration Files Configuration File Types and Location n Creating a Configuration File By Using a Text Editor Copying Configuration Files By Using TFTP Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File B y Using TFTP Downloading the Configuration File By Using TFTP Uploading the Configuration File By Using TFTP Copying Configuration Files By Using FTP Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using FTP Downloading a Configuration File By Using FTP Page Uploading a Configuration File By Using FTP Copying Configuration Files By Using RCP Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using RCP Downloading a Configuration File By Using RCP Uploading a Configuration File By Using RCP Clearing Configuration Information Clearing the Startup Configuration File Deleting a Stored Configuration File Replacing and Rolling Back Configurations Understanding Configuration Replacement and Rollback Archiving a Configuration Replacing a Configuration Rolling Back a Configuration Configuring the Configuration Archive Performing a Configuration Replacement or Rollback Operation Working with Software Images Image Location on the Switch tar File Format of Images on a Server or Cisco.com Copying Image Files By Using TFTP Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using TFTP Downloading an Image File By Using TFTP Page Uploading an Image File By Using TFTP Copying Image Files By Using FTP Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using FTP Downloading an Image File By Using FTP Page Uploading an Image File By Using FTP Copying Image Files By Using RCP Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using RCP Downloading an Image File By Using RCP Page Uploading an Image File By Using RCP Copying an Image File from One Stack Member to Another Page Page Page D Unsupported Commands in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(55)SE Access Control Lists Unsupported Route-Map Configuration Commands Archive Commands ARP Commands Boot Loader Commands Embedded Event Manager Unsupported Commands in Applet Configuration Mode FallBack Bridging High Availability Unsupported SSO-Aware HSRP Commands HSRP IGMP Snooping Commands Interface Commands IP Multicast Routing IP SLA Unsupported MPLS Health Monitor Commands Unsupported Ethernet Gatekeeper Registration Commands Unsupported VoIP Call Setup Probe Commands IP Unicast Routing Unsupported BGP Router Configuration Commands Unsupported VPN Configuration Commands Unsupported Route Map Commands IPv6 IPv4-v6 Tunneling Commands Layer 3 BGP Other Unsupported BGP Commands OSPF VRF aware AAA MAC Address Commands Miscellaneous Unsupported User EXEC Commands MSDP Multicast NetFlow Commands Network Address Translation (NAT) Commands QoS RADIUS SNMP SNMPv3 Spanning Tree VLAN VTP Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Numerics A Page Page Page B C Page Page Page D Page Page Page Page E F Page G H I Page Page Page Page Page J K L M Page Page Page Page N O P Page Page Page Page Q Page R Page Page S Page Page Page Page Page Page Page T Page U V Page Page W X