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Software Configuration Guide—Release 12.2(25)SG
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Chapter24 Understanding and Conf iguring IP Multicast
Overview of IP Multicast
Figure24-1 IP Multicast Routing Protocols
Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMP messages are used by IP multicast hosts to send their local Layer3 switch or router a request to
join a specific multicast group and begin receiving multicast traffic. With some extensions in IGMPv2,
IP hosts can also send a request to a Layer3 switch or router to leave an IP multicast group and not
receive the multicast group traffic.
Using the information obtained via IGMP, a Layer3 switch or router maintains a list of multicast group
memberships on a per-interface basis. A multicast group membership is active on an interface if at least
one host on the interface sends an IGMP request to receive multicast group traffic.
Protocol-Independent Multicast
PIM is protocol independent because it can leverage whichever unicast routing protocol is used to
populate the unicast routing table, including EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, or static route, to support IP multicast.
PIM also uses a unicast routing table to perform the reverse path forwarding (RPF) check function
instead of building a completely independent multicast routing table. PIM does not send and receive
multicast routing updates between routers like other routing prot ocols do.

PIM Dense Mode

PIM Dense Mode (PIM-DM) uses a push model to flood multicast traffic to every corner of the network.
PIM-DM is intended for networks in which most LANs need to receive the multicast, such as LAN TV
and corporate or financial information broadcasts. It can be an efficient delivery mechanism if there are
active receivers on every subnet in the network.

PIM Sparse Mode

PIM Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) uses a pull model to deliver multicast traffic. Only networks with active
receivers that have explicitly requested the data will be forwarded the traffic. PIM-SM is intended for
networks with several different multicasts, such as desktop video conferen cing and collaborative
computing, that go to a small number of receivers and are typ ically in progress simultaneously.
For more detailed information on PIM Dense and Spare Mode, refer to this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/fipr_c/ipcpt3.
Catalyst 4500 series switch Router
Internet
PIM
IGMP and
IGMP
Snooping
Host A
Host B
94150