Summary of Changes for PA-RISC, Chapter | HP UX Developer Tools

Introduction to PA-RISC Assembly Language

Summary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0

Summary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0

The following features have changed in PA-RISC 2.0 architecture. These changes are explained in more detail in the appropriate locations in this manual.

•A new .DWORD directive reserves 64 bits (a double word) of storage and initializes it to the given value.

•A .LEVEL 2.0 directive should be used as the ﬁrst directive in the source ﬁle to assemble it for a PA-RISC 2.0 system.

•New +DA2.0 option

•New and changed Assembler error messages

Summary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0W (Wide Mode, 64-bit)

The Assembler for PA-RISC 2.0W, the 64-bit version of PA-RISC 2.0, maintains the same source syntax as that of PA1.x and PA2.0 32-bit mode versions. However, PA2.0W features differ in the features listed below.

•To assemble a source ﬁle for a PA-RISC 64-bit system, use a .LEVEL 2.0W directive as the ﬁrst directive in the source ﬁle. See “.LEVEL Directive” on page 93.

•The Assembler generates an Executable and Linking Format (ELF) object ﬁle format with PA-RISC 2.0W. Refer to the ELF 64 Object File Format, URL: http://www.software.hp.com/STK/ for details on ELF format.

•PA-RISC 2.0W supports a ﬂat virtual address space of 2**64 bytes, and therefore does not support use of space registers. Use the following syntax when memory operations are used:

ex: LDD disp(b), tgt

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HP UX Developer Tools manual Summary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0W Wide Mode, 64-bit, Chapter

Contents

92432-90012 June HP 9000 Computers Hanover Street Palo Alto, California Legal NoticesRestricted Rights Legend Contents Assembler Directives and Pseudo-Operations Contents Contents Contents Contents Pseudo-Instruction Set Assembling Your Program Index Diagnostic MessagesProgramming Examples Edition Date Software Version PrefacePrinting History Related Documentation Audience This Manual Typographical Conventions Summary of Technical Changes for HP-UX Assembler Features Assembly Language Assembler Features Summary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0W Wide Mode, 64-bit Summary of Changes for PA-RISCSummary of Changes for PA-RISC Chapter Summary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0W Wide Mode, 64-bit Program Structure Label Opcode Operands Comments Program Structure Symbols and Constants Symbols and Constants Integer Constants Signed Unsigned Registers and Register Mnemonics Registers and Register Mnemonics Registers by using an L or R sufﬁx General Registers Single-Precision Floating-Point Registers Control Registers Synonyms Double-Precision Floating-Point RegistersSpace Registers Register Synonyms Description Register Procedure Calling Conventions Expressions ExpressionsStandard Arithmetic Operators Operator Operation Legal Combinations For Relocatable Terms Operation Result Available Field Selectors Meaning Field Meaning Selector Multiple of 2048 allows a three-instruction sequence Parenthesized Subexpressions Operands and Completers Operands and Completers Addi Macro Processing Macro ProcessingDeﬁning New Instructions With Macros Contains general register 19, or binary 10011. These Spaces HP-UX Architecture Conventions Spaces Memory Layout on HP-UX Sr4 Sr5 Sr6 Subspaces SubspacesAttributes Space Subspace Sort Key Use DirectivesStandard Subspaces and Sort Keys Sections in 64-bit Mode Sections in 64-bit Mode $INIT$ Location Counters Location Counters Compiler Conventions Compiler Conventions Compiler Conventions Global Symbol Usage Mfctl Shared Libraries Assembly ListingShared Libraries Assembly Listing Directive Function IntroductionAssembler Directives Requests common storage for a speciﬁed number Bytes Pseudo-Operations Directive Function Reserves 16 bits a half word of storage Syntax Align DirectiveParameters Example Allow Directive Allow DirectiveDiscussion To the .LEVEL speciﬁed for the ﬁle Block and .BLOCKZ Pseudo-Operations Block and .BLOCKZ Pseudo-Operations Space $TEXT$ Subspa $CODE$ Block Byte initvalue , initvalue Byte Pseudo-OperationByte Pseudo-Operation Call argumentdescription argumentdescription Call DirectiveCall Directive Return value for a procedure Form of argument-description is Arg=location Where arg canﬁrst word in the argument list Second word in the argument list LIT Align Word Procend Export Callinfo parameter , parameter Callinfo DirectiveCallinfo Directive Register ENTRYSR= Unwound It restores the RP value when it encounters a .LEAVE Callinfo Directive Stack Frames Re-enter code subspace Comm Directive Comm DirectiveLabel .COMM numbytes Label Labels the location of the reserved storage Company-name Copyright DirectiveCopyright Directive Proc Callinfo Enter Fraction E power Integer .fraction E powerDouble Pseudo-Operation Double Pseudo-Operation Dword initvalue , initvalue Dword Pseudo-OperationDword Pseudo-Operation END Directive END Directive Endm Directive Endm Directive Enter and .LEAVE Pseudo-Operations Enter and .LEAVE Pseudo-Operations Space $TEXT$ Entry and .EXIT Directives Entry and .EXIT Directives EQU Directive Symbolicname .EQU valueEQU Directive Value Export Directive Export Directive Argument Export proc,ENTRY,ARGW0=GR Float Pseudo-Operation Float Pseudo-Operation Half initvalue , initvalue Half Pseudo-OperationHalf Pseudo-Operation Import Directive Import Directive NOP END Label Directive Label DirectiveLabel labelid Labelid Names the label identiﬁer Level Directive Level Directive Level Directive Listoff and .LISTON Directives Listoff and .LISTON Directives Liston Code Space $TEXT$ SPNUM=0,SORT=0 Subspa $CODE$ Locct Directive Locct Directive Label .MACRO formalparameter,formalparameter Macro DirectiveMacro Directive Examples 100 Chapter 101 Origin DirectiveOrigin Directive 102 Proc and .PROCEND DirectivesProc and .PROCEND Directives Chapter 103 REG Directive REG DirectiveLabel .REG typedregister Label User-deﬁned register name Chapter 105 Shlibversion DirectiveShlibversion Directive 106 Space DirectiveSpace Directive Chapter 107 108 Spnum Pseudo-OperationSpnum Pseudo-Operation Chapter 109 String and .STRINGZ Pseudo-OperationsString and .STRINGZ Pseudo-Operations 110 Subspa Directive Subspa DirectiveName An identiﬁer that names the current subspace Chapter 111 112 Chapter 113 114 Version DirectiveVersion Directive Word Pseudo-Operation Word Pseudo-OperationWord initvalue , initvalue Chapter 115 Programming Aids Directive Space Name Default ParametersProgramming Aids Predeﬁned Subspace Directives Chapter 117 Shortdata Programming Aids 118 119 Pseudo-Instruction Set 120 Chapter 121 Compare and Branch Conditions Comb and ComibCond Description 122 Add and Branch Conditions Addb and Addib Description 123 Invoking the Assembler Using the as Command Using the as CommandAssemble code for the architecture 124 Chapter 125 ﬁlenameLevel Tables, see HP-UX Linker and Libraries WnumberOnline User Guide 126 Using the cc Command Using the cc CommandPassing Arguments to the Assembler Wa, ,as-argument as-argument 128 Cpp Preprocessor 129 Programming Examples 130 Binary Search for Highest Bit PositionBinary Search for Highest Bit Position Chapter 131 132 Copying a StringCopying a String Chapter 133 134 Dividing a Double-Word DividendDividing a Double-Word Dividend Chapter 135 Programming Examples Demonstrating the Procedure Calling Convention Demonstrating the Procedure Calling ConventionProgram Listing 136 Chapter 137 Assembly Program Listing Assembly Program Listing From the C Compiler Output of the cc -S CommandOutput of the cc -S Command 138 Chapter 139 Output of the cc -S Command 140 141 142 Option operand Chapter 143 144 Reserve Chapter 145 Wrong register type usedUse a general register 146 Use a space registerUse a control register Chapter 147 148 Chapter 149 150 Chapter 151 152 Used to invoke the assembler Chapter 153 154 Error MessagesError Messages Chapter 155 156 Chapter 157 158 1028 10271029 1030 1032 10311033 1034 1036 10351037 1038 162 Chapter 163 1055 10541056 1057 Chapter 165 166 Chapter 167 168 1080 Format keyword=value1081 1082 170 1089 10881090 Chapter 171 1094 10911095 1096 1098 10971099 1100 1102 11011103 1104 Chapter 175 1105 176 Panic MessagesPanic Messages 2006 20052007 2008 178 User Warning MessagesUser Warning Messages 7004 70037005 7006 180 Chapter 181 182 Limit Error Messages Limit Error Messages7200 7201 7203 72027204 184 Chapter 185 Diagnostic Messages 186 Chapter 187 Branching Error MessagesBranching Error Messages 188 Chapter 189 190 Chapter 191 192 7828 78277834 7835 7837 7836Expr 194 Index 195 Index Numerics 196 Copyright Index 197 HP C/HP-UX,49 198 Mfctl Index 199 Double 200 See also memory Index 201 202