Performance considerations, 253 | IBM DS8000 manual

12

Chapter 12. Performance considerations

This chapter discusses early performance considerations regarding the DS8000 series.

Disk Magic modelling for DS8000 is available as of December 03, 2004. Contact your IBM sales representative for more information about this tool and the benchmark testing that was done by the Tucson performance measurement lab.

Note that Disk Magic is an IBM internal modelling tool.

We discuss the following topics in this chapter:

The challenge with today’s disk storage servers

How the DS8000 addresses this challenge

Specific considerations for open systems and z/OS

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2005. All rights reserved.

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IBM DS8000 manual Performance considerations, 253

Contents

IBM TotalStorage DS8000 Series Page IBM TotalStorage DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture First Edition April Contents Page Benefits of virtualization Vi DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Summary Viii DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Page Page Index Xii DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Copyright License Dfsort Trademarks Team that wrote this redbook Preface Xvi DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Preface Xviii DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Comments welcome Become a published author Xx DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Part 1 Introduction DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Introduction to the DS8000 series Business Continuity DS8000, a member of the TotalStorage DS familyOverview of the DS8000 series Infrastructure Simplification DS8000 Base frame Hardware overview IBM Standby Capacity on Demand offering for the DS8000 Storage capacityStorage system logical partitions LPARs Storage Hardware Management Console S-HMC for the DS8000 Resiliency Family for Business Continuity Supported environments IBM TotalStorage Metro Mirror Synchronous Pprc IBM TotalStorage FlashCopy IBM TotalStorage Global Mirror Asynchronous Pprc Service and setupThree-site solution Interoperability DS8000 compared to ESS PositioningCommon set of functions IBM TotalStorage DS Storage Manager IBM TotalStorage DS Command-Line Interface DS CLICommon management functions DS8000 compared to DS6000 DS Open application programming interface Scalability and configuration flexibilityFuture directions of storage system LPARs Performance for zSeries Sequential Prefetching in Adaptive Replacement Cache SarcPerformance IBM TotalStorage Multipath Subsystem Device Driver SDD Summary 16 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Part 2 Architecture 18 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Components Base frame Frames Rack operator panel Expansion frame Rack operator panel Architecture SAN fabric Cache management Server-based SMP design Components Randomseq Processor complex Components Processor memory Service processor and SpcnFront view Rear view 2 I/O enclosures RIO-G Device adapters Disk subsystemRear view DS8000 device adapter Disk enclosures DS8000 disk enclosure Non-switched FC-AL drawbacks 11 DS8000 disk enclosure Switched FC-AL advantages 12 Disk enclosure switched connections DS8000 switched FC-AL implementation Arrays and spares Expansion Arrays across loops 14 DS8000 switched loop layout DDMs Host adaptersAAL benefits Remote Mirror and Copy with Escon Ficon and Fibre Channel protocol host adaptersControl units and logical paths Escon distances Fibre Channel distances Power and coolingRack Power Control cards RPC Fibre Channel supported servers Battery backup assemblies Primary power suppliesProcessor and I/O enclosure power supplies Disk enclosure power and cooling Ethernet switches 42 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Storage system LPARs Logical partitions Partitions Introduction to logical partitioningVirtualization Engine technology Partitioning concepts Logical partitioning Lpar Building blockPhysical partitioning Ppar Virtual I/O Software and hardware fault isolationDynamic logical partitioning Micro-Partitioning Application isolation Why Logically Partition?Server consolidation Production and test environments Increased flexibility of resource allocation DS8000 and LparLpar and storage facility images DS8300 Model 9A2 Lpar and storage facility image 2 DS8300 Lpar implementation DS8300 Lpar resource allocation Storage facility image hardware components Processor and memory allocations Storage Facility Image Processor complex RIO-G interconnect separation 4 DS8300 Model 9A2 configuration options Model conversion DS8300 example configuration Model conversions regarding Lpar functionality Lpar security through Power Hypervisor Phyp Lpar protection Power Hypervisor Lpar and Copy Services Remote mirroring Lpar benefitsFlashCopy Storage system LPARs Logical partitions Example of storage facility images in the DS8300 Addressing capabilities with storage facility images DS8300 addressing capabilities 60 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture RAS Storage facility image NamingStorage complex Storage unit Processor complex Processor complex RAS Permanent monitoring Reliability, availability, and serviceability +1 redundancy Memory reliability, fault tolerance, and integritySelf-healing Resource deallocation Fault maskingConcurrent Maintenance Hypervisor Storage image independence Metadata checks Server RASRIO-G a self-healing interconnect 2 I/O enclosure Data flow Server failover and failback Normal data flow Failover Failback NVS recovery after complete power loss Single or multiple path Host connection availability Enclosure Multi-pathing software SAN/FICON/ESCON switches ZSeries host connection Open systems host connection Disk path redundancy Switched disk connections RAID-5 implementation in the DS8000 RAID-5 overviewRAID-10 overview RAID-5 theory RAID-10 implementation in the DS8000 Spare creationRAID-10 theory Hot plugable DDMs Predictive Failure Analysis PFAFloating spares Rack cooling fans Battery backup unitsRack power control card RPC Disk scrubbing Emergency power off EPO Building power lossPower fluctuation protection Power control of the DS8000 Installation process Microcode updates Different code versions across storage images Management consoleHMC considerations Virtualization concepts Storage system virtualization Virtualization definition Storage Facility virtualization Abstraction layers for disk virtualization Physical layer as the base for virtualization Array sites Array site Arrays Creation of an array Ranks Forming an FB rank with 1 GB extents Extent pools Server0 Fixed Block LUNs Logical volumesCKD volumes Volume with ISeries LUNs Allocation and deletion of LUNs/CKD volumes Logical subsystems LSS DB2 Address groups Volume access Host attachment Volume group Summary of the virtualization hierarchy 11 Host attachments and volume groups 12 Virtualization hierarchy Placement of data Benefits of virtualization 13 Optimal placement of data 101 102 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 103 IBM TotalStorage DS8000 model overview and scalability Model naming conventions DS8000 highlights 2 DS8100 Model 3 DS8300 Models 922 and 9A2 Maximum configuration for the Model IBM TotalStorage DS8000 model overview and scalability Model comparison DS8000 model comparison Designed for scalabilityScalability for capacity Large and scalable capacity Comparison of models for capacity Scalability for performanceAdding DDMs Future plan Linear-scalable architecture Way I/O controllers Benefit of the DS8000 for scalability RIO-G Model conversions Model upgrades 114 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 115 Copy Services Point-in-Time Copy FlashCopy Introduction to Copy ServicesCopy Services functions Write to the source volume Read from the source volumeRead from the target volume No background copy option Point-in-Time Copy function authorizationRefresh target volume also known as Incremental FlashCopy FlashCopy options Incremental FlashCopy Data Set FlashCopy Data Set FlashCopy Multiple Relationship FlashCopy Consistency Group FlashCopy What is Consistency Group FlashCopy? FlashCopy Source Volume FlashCopy Target Volume FlashCopy to Pprc Primary Volume Metro Mirror Synchronous Pprc Inband Commands over Remote Mirror linkRemote Mirror and Copy Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy Persistent FlashCopy Metro Mirror Global Copy PPRC-XD Global Copy Global Mirror Asynchronous Pprc Global Mirror How Global Mirror works Global Mirror How it works OS Global Mirror XRC 11 z/OS Global Mirror Secondary server 12 z/OS Metro/Global Mirror Comparison of the Remote Mirror and Copy functions Global Copy PPRC-XD What is data consistency? What is a Consistency Group? How does Consistency Group keep data consistency? 1st LSS13 Storage Hardware Management Console S-HMC Interfaces for Copy Services DS Storage Manager Web-based interface 16 DS8000 Copy Services network components DS Open application programming Interface API DS Command-Line Interface DS CLITip What is changed from the ESS CLI? Future Plans Interoperability with ESS 140 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 141 Part 3 Planning and configuration 142 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 143 Installation planning Delivery requirements Packaged dimensions and weight for DS8000 modelsGeneral considerations 145 Installation site preparationFloor and space requirements Calculating space requirements Installing on raised or nonraised floorsMeeting floor load requirements 147 Power requirementsPower control DS8000 dimensions Input voltage requirements Power outlet requirements Fans and air intake areas Power connector requirementsPower consumption and environmental information Environmental requirements Cooling the storage complex Host attachmentAttaching to open systems hosts 151 ESCON-attached S/390 and zSeries hostsFICON-attached S/390 and zSeries hosts SAN Fabric products Where to get the updated information for host attachmentHost systems attachment 153 Network and SAN requirementsHMC network requirements Channel extension technology products SAN requirements Remote power control requirementsRemote support connection requirements 155 156 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 157 Configuration planning Storage Hardware Management Console S-HMC Configuration planning overview External S-HMC S-HMC and Ethernet switches DS Storage Manager Remote servicesHMC software components Required ports 161 HMC network topology 163 Dial-up connectionSecure high-speed connection Call home Remote access 165 HMC security considerationsSecurity mechanism 1 Console must initiate session Security mechanism 2 Public key encryption HMC user management Security mechanism 3 Login securityFTP Offload option 167 Operating environment license OEL required featureLicensed function indicators DS8000 licensed functions License scope for each DS8000 licensed function Optional featuresOperating environment license feature codes Point-in-Time Copy function 2244 Model PTC Remote Mirror for z/OS 2244 Model RMZ Point-in-Time Copy PTC feature codesRemote Mirror and Copy RMC feature codes Remote Mirror and Copy functions 2244 Model RMC Ordering licensed functions Parallel Access Volumes 2244 Model PAVRemote Mirror for zSeries RMZ feature codes Parallel Access Volumes PAV feature codes User authorize to FlashCopy 25 TB of CKD data 171 Solution 173 Disk storage feature activation Adding storage capacity to an existing licensed function Logical configurationsCapacity planning Scenarios for managing licensing CKD RAID rank capacity 175 FB RAID rank capacity Sparing rules 177 Sparing examples Sparing Example 2 RAID-10 11 Sparing example 3 RAID-5 Different capacity, same RPM 179 IBM Standby Capacity on Demand Standby CoD Sparing Example 4 RAID-5 181 Capacity and well-balanced configuration DDM to DA Mapping -- 2-way 183 Data migration planning Remote copy technologies Basic commandsOperating system mirroring Software packages 185 Migration services and appliances6 z/OS data migration methods 15 Different data migration methods Planning for performance Number of host ports/channels Parallel Access Volumes z/OS onlyDisk Magic Size of cache storage Hot spot avoidance 189 DS Storage Manager logical configuration Storage configuration terminology Configuration hierarchy, terminology, and concepts PSeries1 PSeries2 Extent pools Array sitesArrays Ranks Extent Pool Volume groups Logical volumes Volume Group Address groups Host System C Extent Pool Extent Pool Planning Array layer Raw or physical DDM layerArray site layer Extent pool layer Logical Configuration flowLogical volume layer Rank layer Connecting to the DS8000 Introducing the GUI and logical configuration panels Welcome panel 10 Entering the URL using the TCP/IP address for the S-HMC 12 The Welcome panel Real-time Manager configuration Simulated Manager configuration Copy Services Log Creating and defining the users and passwords 15 User administration panel Using the help panels information center 17 View of the information center Navigating the GUI 20 View of the Storage Complexes section 19 View of the storage complexes in the work area 21 Storage unit view of the pull-down Radio buttons and check boxes Configuring a storage complex Logical configuration process Configuring the storage unit 25 The General storage unit information panel Configuration advancement steps 28 Specify I/O adapter configuration panel 29 Create host systems, screen Configuring the logical host systems 31 View of the General host information panel 33 Define host ports panel, with updated host information Click Apply assignment and OK Creating arrays from array sites 36 The Definition method panel 38 The Add arrays to ranks panel with FB selected Creating extent pools 39 The Definition method panel Creating FB volumes from extents 41 The Select extent pool panel 42 The Define volume properties panel Click Volume Groups Creating volume groups 44 The Define volume group properties filled out Click Host Systems Deleting LUNs and recovering space in the extent poolAssigning LUNs to the hosts Click Finish Creating CKD volumesClick Volumes → zSeries Creating CKD LCUs Click Storage Units Displaying the storage unit Wwnn 49 View of the Wwnn in the General panel 230 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 231 Functionality Introduction Supported environments Installation methods ESS Copy Services command flow using ESS Copy Services CLI Command flow TCP/IP ports DS CLI command flowSecure sockets DS8000 split network DS6000 command flow ESS CLI co-existence Command flow for the DS6000 CLI co-existence Storage management User security Command modesSingle command mode Example 11-1 Using DS CLI via a single command Example 11-3 Creating a DS CLI script Interactive modeScript mode Example 11-4 Using DS CLI in interactive mode User assistance Lists all available DS CLI commandsLists all DS CLI commands with syntax information Syntax conventions DS CLI return codes Example 11-8 Use of the help -lcommandReturn codes Man pages Example 11-10 Return code examples Example 11-11 Example of a configuration scriptUsage examples Mixed device environments and migration Which CLI to use based on what hardware you have installed Migration considerations DS CLI migration exampleMigration tasks Determining the saved tasks to be migrated Collecting the task details A portion of the tasks listed by using the GUI Using the GUI to get the contents of a FlashCopy task Converting the saved task to a DS CLI command Converting a FlashCopy task to DS CLI Example 11-14 Using interactive dscli mode without profiles Creating a user ID for use only with ESS Using DS CLI commands via a single command or scriptProcedure to create an encrypted password file Setting up a profile Example 11-18 Establishing a FlashCopy with a single command Issuing a DS CLI command and scripting it Example 11-19 Creating an executable file Example 11-20 Using script mode 252 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 253 Performance considerations New and enhanced functions What is the challenge?Speed gap between server and disk storage 255 Where do we start? Pprc over Fibre Channel links Switch from Escon to Ficon portsSSA backend interconnection Arrays across loops How the DS8000 series overcomes FC-AL shortcomings Fibre Channel switched disk interconnection at the back endHow does the DS8000 address the challenge? FC-AL shortcomings Memory 259 New four-port host adapters Fibre Channel device adapter 261 POWER5 Heart of the DS8000 dual cluster design RIO-G Interconnect 263 RIO-G Interconnect Vertical growth and scalability Performance and sizing considerations for open systems 265 Workload characteristicsData placement in the DS8000 Cache size considerations for open systems 266 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture LVM striping 267 Stripe size Subsystem Device Driver SDD Dynamic I/O load-balancing Determining where to attach the hostDetermining the number of paths to a LUN 269 Performance and sizing considerations for z/OSConnect to zSeries hosts 12 DS8100 frontend connectivity example partial view Performance potential in z/OS environments 271 Appropriate DS8000 size in z/OS environmentsProcessor memory size considerations for z/OS environments Or zSeries channel consolidation 273 Disk array sizing considerations for z/OS environments Configure one extent pool for each single rank Configuration recommendations for z/OS 275 Minimize the number of extent pools Plan for a reasonable number of extent pools Extent pool0 Extent pool1 15 Mix of extent pools 277 278 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 279 280 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 281 ZSeries software enhancements Scalability support Software enhancements for the DS800013.2 z/OS enhancements 283 Large Volume Support LVSRead availability mask support Benefits of the scalability enhancements Read control unit and device recognition for DS8000 Initial Program Load IPL enhancements13.2.5 DS8000 definition to host software 285 New performance statistics Listdata Count Listdata Counts report of DS8000 287 Listdata Status 289 Resource Management Facility RMF Coexistence considerations 13.3 z/VM enhancements13.4 z/VSE enhancements Migration considerations 291 TPF enhancements 292 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 293 Data migration in zSeries environments Consolidate storage subsystems Define migration objectives in z/OS environments 295 Consolidate logical volumesConsiderations for new logical volume size Example 14-1 Data Classes with EF attribute Dynamic Parallel Access Volumes required for large volumes 297 Keep source and target volume size at the current size Physical migration with DFSMSdss and other storage software Data migration based on physical migrationSummary of data migration objectives 299 Software- and hardware-based data migrationData migration with Piper for z/OS Piper hardware 301 Data migration with z/OS Global Mirror Bridge from Escon to Ficon with Metro/Global Copy Hardware- or microcode-based migration 303 Data migration with Metro Mirror or Global Copy Pprcopy DDNAMEDD02 Query Example 14-3 All data is replicated 305 Example 14-5 All data is replicated 491 307 Data Set Services UtilityData migration based on logical migration System utilities Hierarchical Storage Manager, DFSMShsm SMS Storage Groups migration source environment 309 Storage Group Application Selection Example 14-8 Select SMS storage group in Scds 311 Alter Volume Statuses Pool Copy Pool Backup only ALL Volumes Altered Example 14-12 Confirmation about SMS volume status change 313 Combine physical and logical data migration 315 14.5 z/VM and VSE/ESA data migrationSummary of data migration 316 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 317 318 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 319 Open systems support and software Supported operating systems and servers Where to look for updated and detailed informationOpen systems support TotalStorage Proven program DS8000 Interoperability MatrixIBM HBA Search Tool DS8000 Host Systems Attachment Guide Atto Differences to the ESSPlatform and operating system vendors’ pages Emulex Corporation Additional supported configurations RPQ Boot support Subsystem Device Driver DS CLI Other multipathing solutions IBM TotalStorage Productivity Center IBM TotalStorage Productivity Center MDM main panel Sample Device Manager view Device Manager Sample screenshot of TPC for Disk TPC for Disk TPC for Replication Global Mirror Utility Enterprise Remote Copy Management Facility eRCMF 332 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 333 Data migration in the open Systems environment Tor Host operating system-based migration Comparison of migration methods Copy raw devices Basic copy commands Online copy and synchronization with rsync Migration using volume management software Migration using LVM mirroring Backup and restore Subsystem-based data migration Migration using backup and restore Combination of Metro Mirror and Global Copy Metro Mirror and Global Copy Piper migration IBM Piper migration Other migration applications IBM migration services 343 Appendix A. Open systems operating systems specifics Capacity planning considerations Data placement considerationsDS8000 Host Systems Attachment Guide Planning Example A-1 AIX iostat output Unix performance monitoring toolsIostat Example A-2 SUN Solaris iostat output System Activity Report SAR Example A-3 SAR Sample Output Vmstat Example A-4 Finding Fibre Channel adapter WWN Other publicationsAIX host attachment scripts Finding the World Wide Port Names Subsystem device driver SDD Determine the installed SDD levelUseful SDD commands Managing multiple paths Multipath I/O Mpio Example A-7 lsvpcfg command Example A-8 lspath command result Determine the installed Sddpcm levelUseful Mpio commands LVM mirroring LVM configurationAIX access methods for I/O LVM striping Concurrent I/O Boot device supportAIX on IBM iSeries Direct I/O Example A-9 Filemon output file Monitoring I/O performanceIostat Filemon IBM Mpio FC Linux Getting Started with zSeries Fibre Channel Protocol Existing reference materialImplementing Linux with IBM Disk Storage Linux with zSeries and ESS Essentials Table A-1 Major numbers and special device files Important Linux issuesSome Linux Scsi basics Example A-10 Create new special device files for Scsi disks Missing device files Scsi device assignment changes Managing multiple pathsLimited number of Scsi devices Fibre Channel disks discovered before internal Scsi disks RedHat Enterprise Linux RH-EL multiple LUN support Example A-13 SCSi disks attached at system start time Adding FC disks dynamicallyExample A-12 Sample /etc/modules.conf Gaps in the LUN sequence Linux on IBM iSeries Example A-16 Sample /proc/scsi/scsi file Troubleshooting and monitoring/proc pseudo file system Example A-17 Sample /proc/scsi/qla2300/x Performance monitoring with iostatGeneric Scsi tools SDD for Windows HBA and operating system settingsMicrosoft Windows 2000/2003 Figure A-1 Microsoft VDS Architecture Windows Server 2003 VDS support Geographically Dispersed Sites FC port configurationVolume Shadow Copy Service HP OpenVMS Configurations Volume configuration OpenVMS volume shadowing Command Console LUN Appendix A. Open systems operating systems specifics 372 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 373 Appendix B. Using DS8000 with iSeries Hardware Logical volume sizesTable B-1 OS/400 logical volume sizes Supported environment Changing LUN protection Protected versus unprotected volumes Using 5250 interface Adding volumes to iSeries configuration Figure B-3 Work with Disk Configuration menu Figure B-5 Confirm Add Units Adding volumes to an Independent Auxiliary Storage Pool Figure B-7 iSeries Navigator Signon to iSeries window Figure B-9 SST Signon Figure B-11 New disk pool welcome Figure B-13 Confirm disk pool configuration Figure B-15 Choose the disks to add to the Disk Pool Figure B-17 New Disk Pool Summary Figure B-20 New Disk Pool shown on iSeries Navigator Avoiding single points of failure Multipath Figure B-22 Single points of failure Configuring multipath Figure B-24 Example of multipath with iSeries Adding multipath volumes to iSeries using 5250 interface Figure B-25 Adding multipath volumes to an ASP Figure B-27 Adding a multipath volume Adding volumes to iSeries using iSeries Navigator Figure B-28 New Disk Pool shown on iSeries Navigator Figure B-30 Example of multipath logical units Managing multipath volumes using iSeries Navigator Appendix B. Using DS8000 with iSeries Figure B-32 Multipath logical unit properties Figure B-33 Multipath connections Multipath rules for multiple iSeries systems or partitions Changing from single path to multipath Sizing guidelines Cache Planning for arrays and DDMs Table B-2 Capacity per I/O Adapter Number of iSeries Fibre Channel adaptersSize and number of LUNs Table B-3 Disk operations per second per RAID rank Recommended number of ranksSharing ranks between iSeries and other servers Metro Mirror and Global Copy Connecting via SAN switchesMigration OS/400 mirroring OS/400 data migration Figure B-35 Using Metro Mirror to migrate from ESS to DS8000 Figure B-36 Ending allocation for existing disk units Remote Mirror and Copy Copy Services for iSeriesFlashCopy AIX on IBM iSeries ISeries toolkit for Copy Services Linux on IBM iSeries 406 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 407 Appendix C. Service and support offerings IBM Implementation Services for TotalStorage Copy Functions IBM Web sites for service offeringsIBM service offerings IBM Implementation Services for TotalStorage disk systems Enterprise Remote Copy Management Facility eRCMF IBM Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex Gdps IBM eServer iSeries Copy Services IBM Operational Support Services Support Line Appendix C. Service and support offerings 412 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 413 IBM RedbooksOther publications Online resources Help from IBM How to get IBM Redbooks 416 DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture 417 Index DS CLI OEL Escon Ficon RH-EL BBU Spcn VSE IBM TotalStorage DS8000 Series Concepts and Architecture Page Page IBM TotalStorage DS8000 Series Concepts Architecture