Yamaha O2R Dither

Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 193

02R User’s Guide

Dither

When you connect a number of digital audio devices together, you may

ﬁnd their digital word size is different. For example, the 02R uses a 20-bit

word size for input and output and a 32-bit word size for internal

processing. Professional digital equipment uses a 24-bit wordsize, while

consumer digital equipment uses a 20-bit wordsize. In order to obtain the

best possible signal quality, the 02R has a dither function for its internal bus

and stereo bus outputs.

Dithering is a mathematical process where a random noise is added to the

least signiﬁcant bit of a digital word. With very low level signals, the

quantization error becomes correlated to the signal level. This creates a

small but measurable amount of distortion. By adding dither, the

correlation between the signal level and the quantization error is cancelled,

allowing the digital system to encode amplitudes smaller than the least

signiﬁcant bit. If you change the word size as a signal passes from one

digital system to another, being able to add dither allows you to maintain a

high quality signal.

Shown below is the DIGITAL I/O 4/5 page—Dither.

Dither ON/OFF

You can turn the dither function on or off for the stereo bus and for the

internal buses 1 through 8. The internal buses are paired for the dither

function.

Word Length

You can add dither to compensate for any word size from 16-bit to 24-bit.

1. Use the [DIGITAL I/O]

button to locate the

DIGITAL I/O 4/5 page.

2. Use the CURSOR buttons

to select the ON/OFF

icon for the desired bus

and press the [ENTER]

button to change the

value.

3. Select the Word Length

with the CURSOR

buttons and press the

[ENTER] button.

DIGITAL

I/O

Contents

Main DIGITAL RECORDING CONSOLE E E NEDERLAND THE NETHERLANDS IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR THE UNITED KINGDOM FCC INFORMATION (U.S.A.) Important Information ii iii Maintenance Page Page Contents Page Introduction to the 02R 2 Crystal Clarity and Unsurpassed Audio Quality Dynamic Automix with Total and Instant Recall 02R 3 Automix System Where to Start User Guides Installation Users Guide Getting Started Guide Top and Rear Panels 23/24 21/22 19/20 17/18 Features 6 Options 7 Key Features 8 User Interface Large Graphical Display 9 Dynamics Processors Internal Stereo Effects Motorized Faders 10 Digital Benefits Parametric EQ with Library Page Page Getting Started 14 Getting Started Basic Assumptions What You Will Need Making the Connections Page 16 Getting Started Power ON/OFF Power ON Power OFF Setting the Synchronization Getting Started 17 Recall Scene Memory 0 Page Introductory Recording Tutorial 19 Introductory Recording Tutorial 20 Introductory Recording Tutorial Setting the Input Level Setting Fader Levels Selecting a Monitor Source Introductory Recording Tutorial 21 Setting the GAIN 22 Introductory Recording Tutorial /ATT Display Function Peak Hold Introductory Recording Tutorial 23 Channel ON/OFF SCENE MEMORY LED 24 Introductory Recording Tutorial Applying EQ Turning the EQ ON/OFF Introductory Recording Tutorial 25 Setting the Gain 26 Introductory Recording Tutorial Introductory Recording Tutorial 27 Setting the Frequency 28 Introductory Recording Tutorial Setting the Bandwidth Page 30 Introductory Recording Tutorial Using the EQ Library Recalling an EQ Program Introductory Recording Tutorial 31 Undoing a Recall Page Introductory Recording Tutorial 33 34 Introductory Recording Tutorial Introductory Recording Tutorial 35 Routing 36 Introductory Recording Tutorial Using the ROUTING Display Function Introductory Recording Tutorial 37 Selecting the Routing 38 Introductory Recording Tutorial Panning Adjusting the Pan Introductory Recording Tutorial 39 Ganging Pans Page Secondary Recording Tutorial 41 Secondary Recording Tutorial 42 Secondary Recording Tutorial Aux Sends Secondary Recording Tutorial 43 Setting the Aux Send Level 44 Secondary Recording Tutorial Secondary Recording Tutorial 45 Creating a Monitor Mix Monitor Mix Process 46 Secondary Recording Tutorial Applying Effects Setting the Send Levels Secondary Recording Tutorial 47 Adjusting the Effect Return 48 Secondary Recording Tutorial Secondary Recording Tutorial 49 Recalling and Editing Effects Recalling Effects Programs 50 Secondary Recording Tutorial Editing Effects Secondary Recording Tutorial 51 Storing a User Effect 52 Secondary Recording Tutorial Secondary Recording Tutorial 53 54 Secondary Recording Tutorial Patching in a Dynamics Processor Compressor Expander Compander Gate and Ducking Secondary Recording Tutorial 55 Compressing the Stereo Output 56 Secondary Recording Tutorial Secondary Recording Tutorial 57 Using the Dynamics Library Recalling Dynamics Programs 58 Secondary Recording Tutorial Editing Dynamics Programs Secondary Recording Tutorial 59 Storing a User Dynamics Program 60 Secondary Recording Tutorial Secondary Recording Tutorial 61 62 Secondary Recording Tutorial Scene Memories Storing a Scene Memory Secondary Recording Tutorial 63 Naming a Scene Memory 64 Secondary Recording Tutorial Secondary Recording Tutorial 65 Recalling a Scene Memory Page Mixing and Automix 67 Mixing and Automix 68 Mixing and Automix What is 02R Automix? Automix Memory Mixing and Automix 69 Real-time Automix Basic Connections and Setup 70 Mixing and Automix Creating a New Automix Mixing and Automix 71 Page Mixing and Automix 73 Recording the First Session 74 Mixing and Automix Automix Recording Notes Mixing and Automix 75 76 Mixing and Automix Editing Automix Events Overwriting Events Mixing and Automix 77 Punch-in Automix Data 78 Mixing and Automix Editing Fader/Encoder Movements Mixing and Automix 79 80 Mixing and Automix Mixing and Automix 81 Off-line Automix Editing Editing Scene and Library Recall Events 82 Mixing and Automix Mixing and Automix 83 Editing Channel On, Pan, & Fader events Page Mixing and Automix 85 Erasing Events 86 Mixing and Automix Mixing and Automix 87 Using the Automix Library Storing an Automix 88 Mixing and Automix Automix Memory Mixing and Automix 89 Recalling an Automix 90 Index Index C D E F Index 91 N O P Q Page Page Contents at a Glance Page Contents iii Contents 1 Controls and Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3 Mixing and Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4 MIXING Display Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 iv Contents 5 Surround Pan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 6 Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 7 Auxiliary Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Contents v 8 Internal Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 9 Scene Memories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 10 Automix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 11 MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 vi Contents 12 Groups and Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 13 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 14 Installing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 15 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Page Page Page 2Controls and Connections Front Panel Controls and Connections 3 Analog input controls 1. Phantom switches (channels 1 to 8) 2. A/B switches (channels 1 to 8) 3. 20 dB (pad) switches (channels 1 to 16) 4Controls and Connections Analog output controls 0 9 7. T/B LEVEL control and microphone Controls and Connections 5 11. MIXING buttons 12. AUX buttons 6Controls and Connections Display and related controls H 13. SCENE MEMORY indicator 14. FADER STATUS indicators Controls and Connections 7 SELECTED CHANNEL controls EQUALIZER AUX 19. ROUTING buttons 8Controls and Connections Monitor controls 23. STUDIO buttons 24. CONTROL ROOM buttons 25. TALKBACK buttons Controls and Connections 9 Faders V 14 15 Page Controls and Connections 11 Display controls 1 DF Rear Panel 1. STUDIO MONITOR OUT connectors 2. AUX SEND connectors 245 6 7 8 12 Controls and Connections 3. C-R MONITOR OUT connectors 4. STEREO OUT ANALOG (1 and 2) connectors 5. 2TR IN ANALOG (1 and 2) connectors 6. Stereo input channels (17 to 24) Controls and Connections 13 14 Controls and Connections 16. 2TR IN DIGITAL (1 to 3) connectors 17. Option slots (1 to 4) List of Cards Block Diagram Slot 1 NAMICS Dither Converter Page User Interface 17 User Interface 18 User Interface About the User Interface DISPLAY ACCESS Buttons CONFIGURATION group User Interface 19 MIXING group AUX group 20 User Interface Display User Interface 21 CURSOR Buttons Encoder Wheel ENTER Button SCENE MEMORY Buttons 22 User Interface Display Functions User Interface 23 SELECTED CHANNEL Controls ROUTING buttons AUX controls 24 User Interface PAN controls EQUALIZER controls Mixing and Monitoring 25 Mixing and Monitoring 26 Mixing and Monitoring Analog Inputs Phantom Power Mixing and Monitoring 27 Pad GAIN Controls SEL Buttons 28 Mixing and Monitoring ON Buttons Faders Rotary Encoders FLIP Button Mixing and Monitoring 29 Analog Outputs Monitor Selector Switches STUDIO Buttons CONTROL ROOM Buttons 30 Mixing and Monitoring Monitor Level Controls C-R LEVEL Control T/B LEVEL Control STUDIO LEVEL Control PHONES LEVEL Control MIXING Display Functions 32 MIXING Display Functions Phase and Attenuation Phase Attenuation Page 34 MIXING Display Functions Delay Delay and Cascade Delay Pages MIXING Display Functions 35 Fine-Tuning the Delay 36 MIXING Display Functions Pan and Balance Pan Pages MIXING Display Functions 37 Pan Positions Pan Gang Stereo Width 38 MIXING Display Functions PAN controls MIXING Display Functions 39 Routing Direct Outputs Routing Pages 40 MIXING Display Functions ROUTING buttons MIXING Display Functions 41 Metering Meter Pages 42 MIXING Display Functions Peak Hold Meter Source Points Setting the Bus Out and Aux Send Levels MIXING Display Functions 43 Optional Meter BridgeMB02 44 MIXING Display Functions View Phase/Attenuation Pan MIXING Display Functions 45 MS Pair Routing Delay 46 MIXING Display Functions Groups and Channel ON Auxiliary Sends EQ Dynamics Page 48 MIXING Display Functions Channel Library Storing Channel Recalling Channel MIXING Display Functions 49 Page MIXING Display Functions 51 EQ 52 MIXING Display Functions Equalization parameters: MIXING Display Functions 53 EQ controls Reset the Gain Reset the EQ 54 MIXING Display Functions EQ Programs MIXING Display Functions 55 EQ Library Recalling EQ Programs Storing EQ Programs 56 MIXING Display Functions MIXING Display Functions 57 58 MIXING Display Functions Preset EQ Program Parameters MIXING Display Functions 59 10 19 18 17 60 MIXING Display Functions MIXING Display Functions 61 62 MIXING Display Functions Surround Pan 63 Surround Pan 64 Surround Pan About Surround Pan Output Assignments Surround Pan 65 Selecting a Surround Mode 2+2 Surround Mode 66 Surround Pan 3+1 Surround Mode 3+2+1 Surround Mode Surround Pan 67 Panning Sounds Freely Page Surround Pan 69 Panning Sounds Using the Trajectories 70 Surround Pan Trajectories Surround Pan 71 72 Surround Pan Linking Channels for Surround Pan Surround Pan 73 CSR (Center:Side Ratio) Surround Pan Notes Page Dynamics 75 Dynamics 76 Dynamics Dynamics Processors Preset Dynamics Programs Dynamics 77 Compressor Compressor (CMP) parameters: 78 Dynamics Dynamics 79 Expander Expander (EXP) parameters: 80 Dynamics Compander CompanderH (CPH) and CompanderS (CPS) parameters: Dynamics 81 Gate and Ducking Gate (GAT) and Ducking (DUK) parameters: 82 Dynamics Dynamics 83 DYNAMICS Display Function 84 Dynamics Patching in a Processor DYNAMICS Icon Control Prompts Dynamics 85 Dynamics Processor Meters Dynamics Graph 86 Dynamics KEY IN and LINK Indicators Dynamics 87 Dynamics Library Recalling Dynamics Storing Dynamics 88 Dynamics Dynamics 89 90 Dynamics Preset Dynamics Program Parameters Dynamics 91 the attack and ambience of cymbals using overhead microphones. It 92 Dynamics intended for acoustic guitar playing rhythm chords or arpeggios. Dynamics 93 94 Dynamics Dynamics 95 Page Auxiliary Channels 97 Auxiliary Channels 98 Auxiliary Channels About the 02R Auxiliaries Auxiliary Channels 99 The AUX Buttons Fader Status SELECTED CHANNEL Controls Page Auxiliary Channels 101 Stereo Input Channels AUX [ON] Button AUX Pre or Post 102 Auxiliary Channels Monitor Mix Internal Effects 103 Internal Effects 104 Internal Effects About Effects Internal Effects 105 Preset Effects Programs These are the preset effects programs: No Program Name No Program Name 106 Internal Effects AUX 7 and AUX 8 Fader Status SELECTED CHANNEL Controls Page 108 Internal Effects Effects Internal Effects 109 Effects Library Recalling Effects Storing Effects 110 Internal Effects Internal Effects 111 112 Internal Effects Preset Effects Program Parameters Program 1 REVERB HALL1 Program 2 REVERB HALL2 Program 3 REVERB ROOM1 Internal Effects 113 Program 4 REVERB ROOM2 Program 5 REVERB STAGE Program 6 REVERB PLATE 114 Internal Effects Program 7 REV AMBIENCE1 Program 8 REV AMBIENCE2 Program 9 REV LIVE ROOM1 Internal Effects 115 Program 10 REV LIVE ROOM2 Program 11 REVERB VOCAL1 Program 12 REVERB VOCAL2 116 Internal Effects Program 13 REV SN.ROOM Program 14 REV SN.PLATE Program 15 CHORUS>REVERB Internal Effects 117 Program 16 FLANGE>REVERB1 Program 17 FLANGE>REVERB2 Program 18 EARLY REF.1 118 Internal Effects Program 19 EARLY REF.2 Program 20 GATE REVERB Program 21 REVERSE GATE Internal Effects 119 Program 22 DELAY>EARLY REF Program 23 DELAY L-C-R 1 Program 24 DELAY L-C-R 2 120 Internal Effects Program 25 CHORUS>DLY LCR Program 26 MONODLY>CHORUS Program 27 STEREO INI.DLY ECHO Internal Effects 121 Program 28 ECHO Program 29 CROSS ECHO Program 30 CROSS DELAY 122 Internal Effects Program 31 CHORUS1 Program 32 CHORUS2 Program 33 BROAD CHORUS Internal Effects 123 Program 34 FLANGE Program 35 SYMPHONIC Program 36 TREMOLO 124 Internal Effects Program 37 AUTO PAN Program 38 PHASING Program 39 ST.PITCH CHANGE Internal Effects 125 Program 40 VOCAL DOUBLER Page Scene Memories 127 Scene Memories 128 Scene Memories What are Scene Memories? Scene Memories 129 What is Stored in a Scene Memory? What is the Edit Buffer? Initial Data and UNDO Memory 130 Scene Memories Storing Mix Scenes Storage Confirmation Reorganizing Scene Memories Scene Memories 131 Naming a Scene Memory 132 Scene Memories Character Set Page 134 Scene Memories Protecting Scene Memories Recalling Scene Memories Scene Memories 135 Fader Recall Safe Restoring the Faders 136 Scene Memories Fade Time Automix 137 Automix 138 Automix What is the Automix Function? What is Stored in an AUTOMIX Memory? Automix 139 What is the 02R Memory Capacity? What is the Current Buffer? 140 Automix What is Timecode? Using SMPTE Timecode Automix 141 Connections Using MIDI Timecode (MTC) 142 Automix Using MIDI Clock Automix Function 144 Automix Automix Main Automix 145 Time Code Counter Offset Timecode Type and Frame Rate Automix ENABLE 146 Automix Overwrite Mode Fader Edit & Edit Out Modes Page 148 Automix Memory Management Automix 149 AUTOMIX Name Edit Functions AUTOMIX Memory Edit Functions 150 Automix NEW Automix 151 Fader Edit MOTOR ON Fader Edit & Fader Edit Out Modes 152 Automix Fader Edit Automix 153 Event Copy 154 Automix Erase Copy Move/Merge Trim Edit Event Edit (Scene/Lib.) Address Capture 156 Automix Event Edit (CH ON, PAN, FADER) Time Signature Address Capture MIDI 157 MIDI 158 MIDI MIDI and the 02R Bulk Dump MIDI 159 Setup Receive Channel Transmit Channel OMNI Echo Program Change Assign TABLE RESET Backup MIDI 161 Bulk Dump/Request Type Number Execute 162 MIDI MIDI 163 Fader Start 164 MIDI MIDI Control Change Assign MIDI 165 MIDI Remote MIDI Remote Connections 166 MIDI Configuring Remotes MIDI 167 BUS/AUX Master 168 MIDI MIDI Machine Control MIDI 169 Yamaha Programmable Mixer 01 170 MIDI MIDI 171 Yamaha 02R Digital Mixing Console 172 MIDI MIDI 173 Yamaha 03D Digital Mixing Console 174 MIDI MIDI 175 General MIDI Tone Generator 176 MIDI XG Tone Generator Page 178 MIDI ProR3 & REV500 Page 180 MIDI Pro Tools Groups and Pairs 181 Groups and Pairs 182 Groups and Pairs Grouping Faders Groups and Pairs 183 Grouping Mutes 184 Groups and Pairs Pairing Channels Groups and Pairs 185 186 Groups and Pairs MS Decoding Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 187 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 188 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Word Clock Select Wordclock Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 189 Wordclock indicators 190 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Input Signal Select Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 191 Cascade Conguration 192 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Cascade Aux Bus Assign ID Cascade Input Attenuator 2TR-D2 to Stereo Bus Dither Dither ON/OFF Word Length 194 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Slot Output Select default all outputs are set to bus. Page 196 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Solo Solo Functions dimmed when talkback is engaged. Recording mode: Mixdown mode: Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 197 How to use Solo 198 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Preferences Preferences 1 Options Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 199 200 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Preferences 1Factory Settings Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 201 Preferences 2 202 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 203 Preferences 2Factory Settings Aux Output Select 204 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 24-bit Recording Page 206 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Input Patching Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 207 Page Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 209 Oscillator Oscillator Functions 210 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Emphasis Monitor Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 211 Channel Status Monitor 212 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 213 Battery Check 214 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities Communication Speed Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities 215 02R System Initialization Fader Calibration Page Installing Options 217 Installing Options 218 Installing Options 02R Options 02R Options I/O Cards Installing Options 219 Peak Meter Bridge Page Installing Options 221 Installing 02R Options Single Slot Cards 222 Installing Options Double Slot Cards Installing Options 223 Peak Meter Bridge and Wooden Side Panels Memory Expansion Kit 224 Installing Options Analog I/O CardAD/DA (CD8-AD) Installing the CD8-AD Setup of the CD8-AD Analog I/O CardA/D (CD8-AD-S) Installing the CD8-AD-S Digital I/O CardAES/EBU (CD8-AE/CD8-AE-S) Installing the CD8-AE/CD8-AE-S 226 Installing Options Installing Options 227 Digital I/O CardADAT (CD8-AT) Installing the CD8-AT 228 Installing Options Installing Options 229 Digital Cascade Kit (CD8-CS) Installing the CD8-CS 230 Installing Options Installing Options 231 Cascade Settings 232 Installing Options MIDI Link Installing Options 233 Solo function 234 Installing Options Digital I/O CardTDIF-1 (CD8-TDII) Installing the CD8-TDII Installing Options 235 236 Installing Options Peak Meter Bridge (MB02) Using the MB02 Installing Options 237 Page Specifications 239 Specications 240 Specifications General Specications Specifications 241 Inputs 242 Specifications Specifications 243 244 Specifications Outputs Specifications 245 Libraries 246 Specifications Input Specications Specifications 247 Output Specications Digital Input and Output Specications 248 Specifications Dimensions Specifications 249 Options AD/DA I/O Card Specifications Digital I/O Card Specifications 250 Specifications Troubleshooting Specifications 251 Error Messages Users Guide 252 Specifications Users Guide Specifications 253 Page Appendix: MIDI 255 Appendix: MIDI Scene Memory to Program Change Table 256 Appendix: MIDI Parameter to Control Change Table (02R & User Maps) Appendix: MIDI 257 258 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 259 Parameter to Control Change Table (03D & Programmable Mixer 01 Maps) 260 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 261 262 Appendix: MIDI MIDI Data Format 1. General remarks 2. Messages transmitted and received 2-1. Program change 2-2. System exclusive messages Appendix: MIDI 263 2-3. Active sensing, MIDI reset 2-4. Quarter-frame messages 3. Echo Back 4. Transmission Condition 264 Appendix: MIDI 5. Receive Condition Appendix: MIDI 265 Parameter Change and Request Format 266 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 267 268 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 269 270 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 271 272 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 273 Bulk Dump and Request Format 274 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 275 276 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 277 278 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 279 280 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 281 282 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 283 284 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 285 286 Appendix: MIDI Appendix: MIDI 287 Page Glossary 289 Glossary 290 Glossary Glossary 291 292 Glossary Glossary 293 294 Glossary Glossary 295 References and Further Reading Page 297 Index C 298 D E F H 299 I K M N 300 R 301 U V W X 02R YAMAHA MIDI Implementation Chart Version: 2.0 MTC quarter frame message is recognized (MTC IN & MIDI IN)Notes *1 : For program 1128, memory #0 #96 is selected. *2 : Bulk Dump/Request and Parameter Change/Request User Setting Sheet DIGITAL RECORDING CONSOLE E