Schneider Electric PM5100 Measurements and calculations, Real-time readings, Energy, Power factor

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PowerLogic™ PM5100 series user guide	Chapter 8—Measurements and calculations

Chapter 8—Measurements and calculations

This section describes how the meter processes measured and calculated data.

Real-time readings

The power and energy meter measures currents and voltages, and reports in real time the RMS (Root Mean Squared) values for all three phases and neutral. The voltage and current inputs are continuously monitored at a sampling rate of 64 points per cycle. This amount of resolution helps enable the meter to provide reliable measurements and calculated electrical values for various commercial, buildings and industrial applications.

Related topics

•To learn how to navigate to the data screens using the front panel, see “Viewing Meter Data” on page 43.

Energy

The power and energy meter calculates and stores accumulated energy values for real, reactive, and apparent energy.

You can view accumulated energy from the display. The energy value units automatically change, based on the quantity of energy accumulated (e.g., from kWh to MWh, from MWh to GWh, then from GWh to TWh, from TWh to PWh).

Related topics

•To view energy readings from the front panel display, see “Meter data display screens” on page 43.

Min/max values

The meter’s real-time readings are updated once every 50 cycles for 50 Hz systems, or once every 60 cycles for 60 Hz systems. When the readings reach their lowest or highest value, the meter updates and saves these min/max (minimum and maximum) quantities in non-volatile memory.

Power factor

Power factor (PF) is the ratio of active power (P) to apparent power (S), and is a number between zero (0) and one (1). In a purely resistive circuit, PF is equal to 1 (unity PF). Inductive or capacitive loads increase the reactive power (Q) component in the circuit which causes the PF to become less than 1.

Power factor can have a positive or negative sign, depending on the type of load or direction of power flow. See “Power factor sign convention” on page 62.

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Contents PowerLogic PM5100 Series Power and Energy Meter Page Please note Important InformationPage Ence Introduction Chapter Safety Precau TionsHardware Refer Chapter Measurements Chapter AlarmsCalculations Chapter MID ComplianceGlossary Table of Contents PowerLogic PM5100 series user guide Parts and Accessories Power and Energy Meter HardwareBox Contents IntroductionIntroduction Before You Begin Safety PrecautionsPowerLogic PM5100 series user guide Functions and Characteristics Models, Features and OptionsPM5100 Series Models, Features and Options Functions and CharacteristicsTechnical Specifications Environmental Characteristics Mechanical CharacteristicsSafety Safety precautionsElectromagnetic Compatibility CommunicationMeter mounting DimensionMounting the PM5100 Serial No Description Specification Meter wiringMake Part code Description Recommended cables3CT 2CT Wiring DiagramsSymbol Description Power systemDirect connect voltage limits Current TransformerMeter setting Power system setup parameters Power system descriptionSymbol Voltage input protection Voltage and current input wiringCurrent input protection Direct connect maximumCommunications Control power wiringBalanced system considerations Serial communicationsRS-485 network configuration RS-485 wiringRS-485 cable RS-485 maximum cable lengthDigital output connections Digital outputsPowerLogic PM5100 series user guide Hardware Reference LED indicators Front panel display and meter setupAlarm / energy pulsing LED modes Heartbeat / communications LEDMeter screen menus Notification iconsRelated topics PM5100 display screen menus Menu treeMeter setup screen navigation Front panel meter setupConfiguring the basic setup parameters Basic setup screenBasic setup parameters Basic setup menu treeParameter Values Description Setting up serial communications Communications setupSerial communications setup menu tree Communications setup parametersSetting up the display HMI settingsSetting up regional settings Display setup menu treeRegional settings menu tree Setting up the screen passwordsRegional settings setup parameters Lost password Setting the clockPassword setup menu tree Password setup parametersClock setup parameters Advanced setupAdvanced setup menu tree Parameter Format DescriptionAdvanced setup parameters Setting up the alarm / energy pulsing LEDAlarm / energy pulsing LED settings menu tree LED setup parameterDemand setup menu tree Output setup Demand setupPower or current demand setup parameters Remote Meter Setup Alarms setupFront panel display and meter setup Viewing meter data from the front panel Viewing Meter DataMeter data display screens Displaying data screensVolts U-V Power PQSHarm Energy ETimer AlarmUnbal MnMxUsing software to view meter data Using ION Setup to view or modify configuration dataClock Input / Output Digital output setupDigital output applications Configuring digital outputs using the front panel Alarm / energy pulsing LED setupDigital output setup menu tree Navigate to I/O configuration Energy Pulsing Input / OutputPowerLogic PM5100 series user guide About Alarms AlarmsSecond Alarms Alarm List of Standard 1-Second Over/Under AlarmsAlarm Priorities Unary AlarmsAlarm Setup Setting Up 1-Second Alarms Setting Up 1-Second Alarms Setting Up Unary Alarms Viewing Alarm Activity and HistoryViewing Active Alarms and Alarm Counters Viewing Unacknowledged Alarms and the Alarm History Log PowerLogic PM5100 series user guide Alarms Measurements and calculations Power factorReal-time readings EnergyPower factor sign convention Power factor min/max conventionIEC mode Power factor minimum and maximumIeee mode Power demand calculation methodsDemand Block interval demandBlock interval demand example Synchronized demandPredicted demand Current demandThermal demand Thermal demand examplePredicted demand example Peak demandHarmonic content calculations Power qualityHarmonics overview Total Harmonic Distortion and Total Demand DistortionDisplaying harmonics data Viewing harmonics using the front panelTHD and thd calculations TDD calculationPower Quality display screen Viewing THD/thd using the front panelViewing TDD Example 7th to 15th harmonics for line-to-neutral voltageRelated topics Verifying accuracy Testing overviewAccuracy test requirements Energy pulsing Reference device or energy standardLocation of energy pulsing LED PM5100Verifying accuracy test Percent error calculation Calculating total powerCalculating the number of required pulses Total power limit for digital output Total power limit for alarm / energy LEDEnergy pulsing considerations VT and CT considerationsTest points Typical sources of test errorsWatt-hour test points example Var-hour test points exampleFront panel meter reset screens Meter resetsGlobal resets Reset menu treeSingle reset options Single resetsAlarm counter options Alarm counter Option DescriptionPowerLogic PM5100 series user guideChapter 11-Meter resets Meter resets Password Recovery Maintenance and UpgradesPower Meter Memory Identifying the Firmware Version, Model, and Serial NumberAdditional Meter Status Information Control PowerDownloading Firmware MeterHeartbeat/Comms LED TroubleshootingPotential Problem Possible Cause Possible Solution TroubleshootingGetting Technical Support Register List MID Compliance Specifications relevant to MIDMID overview MID compliance for the meterMID Compliance Installation and wiringPM5111 default screen Installing the terminal coversDefault PM5111 display screen Location of terminal coversLock-protected setup parameters MID-protected setup parametersLock-protected setup parameters Meter firmware versionInitializing the meter Setting up the PM5111Locking or unlocking the meter Irrecoverable Password Setting up lock passwordTerms GlossaryPowerLogic PM5100 series user guide Abbreviations PowerLogic PM5100 series user guide Page Schneider Electric 35, rue Joseph Monier CS