Philips Electromagnetic Lamp manual Main ballast functions, Stabilisation, 107

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ELECTROMAGNETIC LAMP

 

 

CONTROL GEAR

BALLASTS

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Main ballast functions

In chapter 2.1 of this Guide: General aspects, section 2.1: Main ballast functions, the main functions of ballasts have been described.The term ‘ballasts’ is generally reserved for current limiting devices, including resistors, choke coils and (autoleak) transformers. Other pieces of auxiliary equipment are compensating capacitors, filter coils and starters or ignitors. Some systems use an additional series capacitor for stabilisation.

With the components summed up, all control functions which are necessary to operate standard fluorescent lamps can be carried out. Special arrangements, including sequence start, constant wattage or dimming circuits will not be described in this Guide, as such circuits are more and more being replaced by the modern high-frequency (HF)systems.

1 2 Stabilisation

In section 3.2: Stabilisation, the need for current stabilisation in fluorescent lamps has been described, resulting in the following two formulae:

 

Ilamp = (Vmains - Vlamp) / Zballast

and:

Plamp = Vlamp . Ilamp . α lamp

where

Ilamp

= the current through the lamp

 

Vmains

= the mains voltage

 

Vlamp

= the voltage across the lamp

 

Zballast

= the impedance of the ballast

 

Plamp

= the power of the lamp

 

α lamp

= a constant called lamp factor

From these formulae it can be concluded that the power of the lamp (and therefore the light output) is influenced by:

-the lamp voltage Vlamp , which in turn is highly dependent on

the operating temperature (see section 5.3.12:Ambient and operating temperatures) and on the lamp current, according to the negative lamp characteristic (see section 3.2: Stabilisation).

-the lamp current Ilamp , which is dependent on the mains voltage (see section 5.3.13: Effects of mains voltage fluctuations), the lamp voltage

and the linearity of the ballast impedance.

In order to avoid undesirable variations in light output as a consequence of mains voltage fluctuations, the lamp voltage must be not more than approx. half the value of the mains voltage (100 to 130 V) and the impedance should be as linear as possible.

1 3 Ignition and re-ignition

In chapter 3: Lamps, section 3.3: Ignition, the need for ignition of a fluorescent lamp has been described.

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Contents Stabilisation Main ballast functionsIgnition and re-ignition 107108 Types of ballastsIgnition and re-ignition Resistor ballastsTypes of ballasts 109Capacitor ballasts Inductive ballasts or chokes110 Ballast specification and markingBallast specification and marking Maximum coil temperature tw and ΔT111 112 Watt lossesMain starter function Glow-switch startersStarter types 113Starter types 114Components Lifetime115 Electronic starters116 CapacitorsComponents Discharge tube Starter Capacitor Ballast Thermal protector117 Capacitors Filter coilsIEC 119 Power factor correctionFilter coils 120 Power factor correction121 SinLamp factor = lamp wattage / lamp voltage . lamp current Placed in series with one of the ballasts 122123 Series connection of lamps124 Neutral interruption and resonanceSeries connection of lamps Good neutral is essentialNeutral interruption and resonance 125PL-TSC 4-pins Electrical diagrams126 127 Electrical diagramsPL-S, PL-C starter incorporated ‘TL’D, PL-LHarmonic distortion Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting128 Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuitingHarmonic distortion 129Ninth harmonic 130131 Electromagnetic interferenceReinforce each other Electromagnetic interference 132Ambient and operating temperatures Ambient and operating temperaturesMinimum temperatures Lamps 133134 Maximum temperatures LampsGear LuminairesBallasts 135Starters 136 Effects of mains voltage fluctuations137 Electrical wiring138 Electrical wiringSee IEC 598, section 139 Hum140 DimmingDimming Coil in series and by a thyristor 141142 Stroboscopic effect and striationsStroboscopic effect and striations For this subject, see also section Lamps143 144 145 Circuit breakers, fusing and earth leakageStandard conditions Main circuit breakers work on two principles 146According to CEE-19-2ndedition L, U and K Non-standard conditions 147Short-circuiting of the lamp Short-circuiting of the ballastShort-circuiting of the ignitor 148Short-circuiting of the parallel compensating capacitor Short-circuiting of the series capacitorCircuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage Fault finding149 1AVisual inspection of lamps150 151 Fault finding Fault IV lamp flickersElectrical tests 152 Fault finding153 Installation aspectsType ballast should be used Non-standard supply voltages Maintenance154 Non-standard supply voltages

Electromagnetic Lamp specifications

The Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a transformative lighting solution that enhances both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed to integrate cutting-edge technology with energy efficiency, this lamp offers a range of features tailored for diverse applications, from residential to commercial use.

One of the primary features of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is its powerful electromagnetic technology. This technology allows for efficient energy conversion, resulting in superior light output while consuming minimal electricity. The lamp is engineered to provide a high lumen per watt ratio, making it an environmentally friendly choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on brightness.

The durability of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is another significant characteristic. Built with robust materials, it is designed to withstand various environmental conditions. Whether exposed to heat, moisture, or dust, this lamp guarantees longevity and reliable performance. Additionally, its resistance to temperature fluctuations makes it ideal for a range of settings, including industrial environments where resilience is essential.

In terms of versatility, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp shines brightly. It is available in multiple wattages and color temperatures, enabling users to select the perfect lighting for different spaces. From warm white shades ideal for cozy home environments to cooler, brighter options suited for workspaces, this lamp adapts to individual needs and preferences.

Moreover, the lamp incorporates advanced light distribution technology. This ensures an even spread of light without dark spots or harsh glares, enhancing visibility and comfort. It is particularly beneficial for large areas needing uniform illumination, such as warehouses, parking lots, and public areas.

Another key feature is its compatibility with smart lighting systems. Many models of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp can connect to smart home platforms, allowing for remote control, scheduling, and automation. This modern integration enhances user convenience and promotes energy savings by enabling users to optimize their lighting usage according to their routines.

In conclusion, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a perfect blend of efficiency, durability, and advanced technology. Its electromagnetic capabilities, long-lasting construction, diverse options, and smart compatibility make it an outstanding choice for anyone seeking a sustainable lighting solution without compromising on performance.
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