Philips Electromagnetic Lamp manual 138, Electrical wiring, See IEC 598, section

Page 32

5

3.14 Electrical wiring

Fig. 132. Solid-core wire inside a luminaire for fluorescent lamps. White wires are used where the wiring is visible from below.

The diameter (or rather the cross-sectional area) of the wire must be matched to the strength of the current flowing through it.A wire whose area is too small has a resistance that is too high and it will become warm, the resulting heat loss reducing the efficiency of the luminaire. A minimum nominal cross-sectional area of 0.5 mm2 is laid down in IEC 598, although this may be reduced to 0.4 mm2 in certain cases where space for internal wiring is severely restricted

(see IEC 598, section 5.3.1).

Of particular importance with regard to insulation material and thickness is, of course, its temperature resistance. Here it must be borne in mind that it is not only the temperature of the air in the luminaire that matters, but also that of components with which the insulation may come in contact, such as ballast and lampholders.The insulation of the wire used must be resistant to all such temperatures, not only under normal conditions of operation, but also in the presence of a fault condition.

Not all sorts of insulation are suitable for use in luminaires. For example, simple PVC (polyvinyl chloride) insulation is only heat-resistant up to 90 ºC. It contains a softener, which can vaporise, making the insulation brittle and therefore prone to damage. Moreover, the evaporated softening agent attacks a number of plastics used in the manufacture of luminaire housings.There is, however, an inexpensive PVC insulation that is heat-resistant up to a temperature of 105 ºC, and which is safe in this respect.Where temperatures in excess of 105 ºC can arise, yet another kind of PVC insulation is usually employed, one that is resistant up to 115 ºC.

Where still higher temperatures may be encountered, as in floodlights for example, siliconerubber (170 ºC to 200 ºC) and PTFE (polytetrafluorothene) (250 ºC) insulating materials are available. Extra

Fig. 133. Flexible stranded wire inside the pivoting base of a spotlight.

138

Page 31 Page 33
Image 32
Page 31 Page 33
Contents Main ballast functions StabilisationIgnition and re-ignition 107Types of ballasts 108Ignition and re-ignition Resistor ballasts109 Types of ballastsCapacitor ballasts Inductive ballasts or chokesBallast specification and marking 110111 Maximum coil temperature tw and ΔTBallast specification and marking Watt losses 112Glow-switch starters Main starter functionStarter types 113114 Starter typesLifetime Components115 Electronic startersCapacitors 116Components Discharge tube Starter Capacitor Ballast Thermal protector117 IEC Filter coilsCapacitors Filter coils Power factor correction119 Power factor correction 120Lamp factor = lamp wattage / lamp voltage . lamp current Sin121 122 Placed in series with one of the ballastsSeries connection of lamps 123Neutral interruption and resonance 124Series connection of lamps Good neutral is essential125 Neutral interruption and resonance126 Electrical diagramsPL-TSC 4-pins Electrical diagrams 127PL-S, PL-C starter incorporated ‘TL’D, PL-LMains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting Harmonic distortion128 Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting129 Harmonic distortion130 Ninth harmonicReinforce each other Electromagnetic interference131 132 Electromagnetic interferenceAmbient and operating temperatures Ambient and operating temperaturesMinimum temperatures Lamps 133Maximum temperatures Lamps 134Gear LuminairesStarters 135Ballasts Effects of mains voltage fluctuations 136Electrical wiring 137See IEC 598, section Electrical wiring138 Hum 139Dimming Dimming140 141 Coil in series and by a thyristorStroboscopic effect and striations 142Stroboscopic effect and striations For this subject, see also section Lamps143 144 Standard conditions Circuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage145 According to CEE-19-2ndedition L, U and K 146Main circuit breakers work on two principles 147 Non-standard conditionsShort-circuiting of the lamp Short-circuiting of the ballast148 Short-circuiting of the ignitorShort-circuiting of the parallel compensating capacitor Short-circuiting of the series capacitorFault finding Circuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage149 1AVisual inspection of lamps150 Electrical tests Fault finding Fault IV lamp flickers151 Fault finding 152Type ballast should be used Installation aspects153 Maintenance Non-standard supply voltages154 Non-standard supply voltages

Electromagnetic Lamp specifications

The Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a transformative lighting solution that enhances both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed to integrate cutting-edge technology with energy efficiency, this lamp offers a range of features tailored for diverse applications, from residential to commercial use.

One of the primary features of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is its powerful electromagnetic technology. This technology allows for efficient energy conversion, resulting in superior light output while consuming minimal electricity. The lamp is engineered to provide a high lumen per watt ratio, making it an environmentally friendly choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on brightness.

The durability of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is another significant characteristic. Built with robust materials, it is designed to withstand various environmental conditions. Whether exposed to heat, moisture, or dust, this lamp guarantees longevity and reliable performance. Additionally, its resistance to temperature fluctuations makes it ideal for a range of settings, including industrial environments where resilience is essential.

In terms of versatility, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp shines brightly. It is available in multiple wattages and color temperatures, enabling users to select the perfect lighting for different spaces. From warm white shades ideal for cozy home environments to cooler, brighter options suited for workspaces, this lamp adapts to individual needs and preferences.

Moreover, the lamp incorporates advanced light distribution technology. This ensures an even spread of light without dark spots or harsh glares, enhancing visibility and comfort. It is particularly beneficial for large areas needing uniform illumination, such as warehouses, parking lots, and public areas.

Another key feature is its compatibility with smart lighting systems. Many models of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp can connect to smart home platforms, allowing for remote control, scheduling, and automation. This modern integration enhances user convenience and promotes energy savings by enabling users to optimize their lighting usage according to their routines.

In conclusion, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a perfect blend of efficiency, durability, and advanced technology. Its electromagnetic capabilities, long-lasting construction, diverse options, and smart compatibility make it an outstanding choice for anyone seeking a sustainable lighting solution without compromising on performance.
Top Page Image Contents