Philips Electromagnetic Lamp manual Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting, 128

Page 22

5

3.8 Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting

3 8 Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting

For various reasons, the supply voltage can be subject to deviations; therefore a certain degree of deviation from the rated value has been taken into account everywhere.With gas-discharge lamps deviations of up to +/- 10 per cent of the rated supply voltage normally have no detrimental effects.

Apart from such ‘normal’ variations, in practice three possible uncontrolled effects can be distinguished:

1) Short-circuit of the mains voltage.

2) A dip in the power supply voltage.

3) Interruption in the power supply current.

These phenomena can occur during a thunderstorm, when switching from one power supply source to another or when connecting heavy loads to the mains, and are usually of very short duration.This is a good thing too, since a single dip of 10 milliseconds (half a cycle) or even less, can have a significant influence: the lamp will extinguish.

As the fluorescent lamp re-ignites in only a few seconds or even less, these phenomena hardly give problems in practice (see also section 4.1.14: Effects of mains voltage fluctuations).

3 9 Harmonic distortion

All gas-discharge lamps stabilised by copper/iron ballasts have harmonics in the lamp current.The first reason for this is that the lamp voltage (= the voltage across the discharge tube) is more or less a square wave of changing polarity every half cycle (see Fig. 122).

This is graphically represented as a square wave voltage, made up by Fourier analysis as the fundamental sine-wave of the mains supply and a large number of odd harmonics (see Fig. 123).

The voltage across the ballast is the vectorial difference between the supply voltage and the lamp voltage, so the harmonics of the lamp appear in the ballast voltage.As the ballast determines the current, there will be only odd harmonics in the lamp current. Even harmonics are not present.

Vm

Vl

I

Fig. 122. Square wave form of lamp voltage.

128

Page 21 Page 23
Image 22
Page 21 Page 23
Contents Ignition and re-ignition Main ballast functionsStabilisation 107Ignition and re-ignition Types of ballasts108 Resistor ballastsCapacitor ballasts 109Types of ballasts Inductive ballasts or chokesBallast specification and marking 110Ballast specification and marking Maximum coil temperature tw and ΔT111 Watt losses 112Starter types Glow-switch startersMain starter function 113114 Starter types115 LifetimeComponents Electronic startersComponents Capacitors116 Discharge tube Starter Capacitor Ballast Thermal protector117 Capacitors Filter coilsIEC 119 Power factor correctionFilter coils Power factor correction 120121 SinLamp factor = lamp wattage / lamp voltage . lamp current 122 Placed in series with one of the ballastsSeries connection of lamps 123Series connection of lamps Neutral interruption and resonance124 Good neutral is essential125 Neutral interruption and resonancePL-TSC 4-pins Electrical diagrams126 PL-S, PL-C starter incorporated Electrical diagrams127 ‘TL’D, PL-L128 Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuitingHarmonic distortion Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting129 Harmonic distortion130 Ninth harmonic131 Electromagnetic interferenceReinforce each other 132 Electromagnetic interferenceMinimum temperatures Lamps Ambient and operating temperaturesAmbient and operating temperatures 133Gear Maximum temperatures Lamps134 LuminairesBallasts 135Starters Effects of mains voltage fluctuations 136Electrical wiring 137138 Electrical wiringSee IEC 598, section Hum 139140 DimmingDimming 141 Coil in series and by a thyristorStroboscopic effect and striations Stroboscopic effect and striations142 For this subject, see also section Lamps143 144 145 Circuit breakers, fusing and earth leakageStandard conditions Main circuit breakers work on two principles 146According to CEE-19-2ndedition L, U and K Short-circuiting of the lamp 147Non-standard conditions Short-circuiting of the ballastShort-circuiting of the parallel compensating capacitor 148Short-circuiting of the ignitor Short-circuiting of the series capacitor149 Fault findingCircuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage 1AVisual inspection of lamps150 151 Fault finding Fault IV lamp flickersElectrical tests Fault finding 152153 Installation aspectsType ballast should be used 154 MaintenanceNon-standard supply voltages Non-standard supply voltages

Electromagnetic Lamp specifications

The Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a transformative lighting solution that enhances both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed to integrate cutting-edge technology with energy efficiency, this lamp offers a range of features tailored for diverse applications, from residential to commercial use.

One of the primary features of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is its powerful electromagnetic technology. This technology allows for efficient energy conversion, resulting in superior light output while consuming minimal electricity. The lamp is engineered to provide a high lumen per watt ratio, making it an environmentally friendly choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on brightness.

The durability of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is another significant characteristic. Built with robust materials, it is designed to withstand various environmental conditions. Whether exposed to heat, moisture, or dust, this lamp guarantees longevity and reliable performance. Additionally, its resistance to temperature fluctuations makes it ideal for a range of settings, including industrial environments where resilience is essential.

In terms of versatility, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp shines brightly. It is available in multiple wattages and color temperatures, enabling users to select the perfect lighting for different spaces. From warm white shades ideal for cozy home environments to cooler, brighter options suited for workspaces, this lamp adapts to individual needs and preferences.

Moreover, the lamp incorporates advanced light distribution technology. This ensures an even spread of light without dark spots or harsh glares, enhancing visibility and comfort. It is particularly beneficial for large areas needing uniform illumination, such as warehouses, parking lots, and public areas.

Another key feature is its compatibility with smart lighting systems. Many models of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp can connect to smart home platforms, allowing for remote control, scheduling, and automation. This modern integration enhances user convenience and promotes energy savings by enabling users to optimize their lighting usage according to their routines.

In conclusion, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a perfect blend of efficiency, durability, and advanced technology. Its electromagnetic capabilities, long-lasting construction, diverse options, and smart compatibility make it an outstanding choice for anyone seeking a sustainable lighting solution without compromising on performance.
Top Page Image Contents