Philips Electromagnetic Lamp manual Hum, 139

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3.14 Electrical wiring

protection can be obtained by covering the insulation with a glass-fibre sleeve.

In order to keep the chances of heat damage to the insulation to a minimum, the wiring run is so chosen as to avoid as far as possible any ‘hot spots’ in the luminaire, such as ballast or lampholders.

The cable fasteners used to hold the wiring in place should allow it some slight freedom of movement, for the insulating covering of wire that is under mechanical strain will have a lower heat resistance than that specified by the manufacturer.

There is an internationally standardised colour coding for electrical wiring, namely that specified by the IEC: brown for live, blue for neutral and yellow/green for earth.

The only time when a departure from this colour coding is permissible, is in the case where luminaires have internal wiring that is visible when the unit is in use.A white insulation is then often used so as to blend in with the white of the housing.The proviso here is that the connection block is clearly labelled.

3 15 Hum

In general, lamps, ignitors, capacitors and even luminaires do not produce any disturbing noise level when correctly used in their application. Sometimes during the starting process some hum or rustling can be noticed, especially with glow-switch starters. If hum is noticeable, it almost always comes from the ballasts. Anyhow, when used in indoor applications, e.g. shops, the hum level caused by control gear should be as low as possible.

The electric current passing through the coil of a ballast causes

a magnetic field, which arranges the disorderly arranged elementary magnetic particles of the ballast iron. So we find in the iron magnetostriction and magnetic poles.

The ordering of the elementary magnets causes a certain deformation of the iron (magnetostriction), resulting in the iron expanding in certain directions.This process is repeated every half cycle if alternating current is used and results in a noise of 100 Hz and higher harmonics. The magnetic poles exert forces of attraction in the air gap of the ballast core, also resulting in a noise of 100 Hz and higher harmonics. The generation of these magnetic vibrations can be suppressed to a high degree by means of a suitable design of the ballast. In particular, air gap filling and ballast encapsulation can contribute to low noise levels. But the magnetic field also spreads outside the magnetic core.All magnetic metal parts in the immediate surroundings of the ballast, such as the ballast case, the sheet-steel of the luminaire, etc., are subject to forces in this magnetic field and can cause noise.

To avoid unpleasant ‘humming’ noise, constructions for the ballast mounting, as well as the ballast mounting itself, must be as rigid as possible.The hum will be more pronounced if the ballast is mounted on a resonant surface.Avoid loose metal parts and create distances between ballasts and metal parts.

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Contents Stabilisation Main ballast functionsIgnition and re-ignition 107108 Types of ballastsIgnition and re-ignition Resistor ballastsTypes of ballasts 109Capacitor ballasts Inductive ballasts or chokes110 Ballast specification and markingMaximum coil temperature tw and ΔT Ballast specification and marking111 112 Watt lossesMain starter function Glow-switch startersStarter types 113Starter types 114Components Lifetime115 Electronic starters116 CapacitorsComponents Discharge tube Starter Capacitor Ballast Thermal protector117 Filter coils CapacitorsIEC Power factor correction 119Filter coils 120 Power factor correctionSin 121Lamp factor = lamp wattage / lamp voltage . lamp current Placed in series with one of the ballasts 122123 Series connection of lamps124 Neutral interruption and resonanceSeries connection of lamps Good neutral is essentialNeutral interruption and resonance 125Electrical diagrams PL-TSC 4-pins126 127 Electrical diagramsPL-S, PL-C starter incorporated ‘TL’D, PL-LHarmonic distortion Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting128 Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuitingHarmonic distortion 129Ninth harmonic 130Electromagnetic interference 131Reinforce each other Electromagnetic interference 132Ambient and operating temperatures Ambient and operating temperaturesMinimum temperatures Lamps 133134 Maximum temperatures LampsGear Luminaires135 BallastsStarters 136 Effects of mains voltage fluctuations137 Electrical wiringElectrical wiring 138See IEC 598, section 139 HumDimming 140Dimming Coil in series and by a thyristor 141142 Stroboscopic effect and striationsStroboscopic effect and striations For this subject, see also section Lamps143 144 Circuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage 145Standard conditions 146 Main circuit breakers work on two principlesAccording to CEE-19-2ndedition L, U and K Non-standard conditions 147Short-circuiting of the lamp Short-circuiting of the ballastShort-circuiting of the ignitor 148Short-circuiting of the parallel compensating capacitor Short-circuiting of the series capacitorCircuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage Fault finding149 1AVisual inspection of lamps150 Fault finding Fault IV lamp flickers 151Electrical tests 152 Fault findingInstallation aspects 153Type ballast should be used Non-standard supply voltages Maintenance154 Non-standard supply voltages

Electromagnetic Lamp specifications

The Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a transformative lighting solution that enhances both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed to integrate cutting-edge technology with energy efficiency, this lamp offers a range of features tailored for diverse applications, from residential to commercial use.

One of the primary features of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is its powerful electromagnetic technology. This technology allows for efficient energy conversion, resulting in superior light output while consuming minimal electricity. The lamp is engineered to provide a high lumen per watt ratio, making it an environmentally friendly choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on brightness.

The durability of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is another significant characteristic. Built with robust materials, it is designed to withstand various environmental conditions. Whether exposed to heat, moisture, or dust, this lamp guarantees longevity and reliable performance. Additionally, its resistance to temperature fluctuations makes it ideal for a range of settings, including industrial environments where resilience is essential.

In terms of versatility, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp shines brightly. It is available in multiple wattages and color temperatures, enabling users to select the perfect lighting for different spaces. From warm white shades ideal for cozy home environments to cooler, brighter options suited for workspaces, this lamp adapts to individual needs and preferences.

Moreover, the lamp incorporates advanced light distribution technology. This ensures an even spread of light without dark spots or harsh glares, enhancing visibility and comfort. It is particularly beneficial for large areas needing uniform illumination, such as warehouses, parking lots, and public areas.

Another key feature is its compatibility with smart lighting systems. Many models of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp can connect to smart home platforms, allowing for remote control, scheduling, and automation. This modern integration enhances user convenience and promotes energy savings by enabling users to optimize their lighting usage according to their routines.

In conclusion, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a perfect blend of efficiency, durability, and advanced technology. Its electromagnetic capabilities, long-lasting construction, diverse options, and smart compatibility make it an outstanding choice for anyone seeking a sustainable lighting solution without compromising on performance.
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