Philips Electromagnetic Lamp manual 132, Electromagnetic interference

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5

3.10

Electromagnetic interference

Fig. 126 shows an example of a delta filter used for suppressing radio interference.The apex of the filter must be connected to the ground. More complicated filters are used in three-phase networks.

Avoid earth looping (all earth terminals to one point) and create maximum distance between audio and lighting cabling. If audio and lighting cables have to cross each other, it should be done in a perpendicular way. In sensitive applications screening of cabling is necessary.

Fig. 126. Delta filter used for suppressing radio interference.

L

5 nF

0.2 mF

5 nF

N

3 11

Lifetime

When used within the specifications, the various circuit components will last for many years with no more failures than approx. 1 per cent per year (except lamps and glow-switch starters).

Most of the time, failures in the gear components are caused by external circumstances, such as wrong wiring or connections, short- circuiting, extreme heat or humidity, mains voltage peaks, poor maintenance and the like.

For example, capacitors for lighting installations with the VDE approval according to VDE 0560 must achieve a lifetime of 30 000 hours at their marked voltage (250 or 450 V) and their maximum case temperature

(85 or 100 ºC). Higher voltages will shorten the capacitor life as follows:

Voltage

1.15

1.25

1.30

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.50

(times Vmark)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lifetime (h)

8500

4000

2900

2000

1500

1100

780

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A failure rate of 5 per cent is then accepted and the capacitance loss must be less than 10 per cent for parallel and 5 per cent for series capacitors. Temperatures above the marked maximum capacitor case temperature will halve the lifetime of the capacitor for every 8 degrees increase.

Therefore, if there are too many failures with capacitors, the capacitors may be too hot or the applied voltage is (temporarily) too high.

For glow-switch starters the number of switches is specified as 10 000 or more. Deviations are caused by the different starting currents of the various lamp types.

For electronic starters, the most relevant factor is the allowed ambient temperature or the maximum case temperature tc.

The specified temperature range is from -40 ºC till + 80 ºC. Exceeding these temperature limits will shorten the lifetime dramatically.

132

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Contents Ignition and re-ignition Main ballast functionsStabilisation 107Ignition and re-ignition Types of ballasts108 Resistor ballastsCapacitor ballasts 109Types of ballasts Inductive ballasts or chokesBallast specification and marking 110111 Maximum coil temperature tw and ΔTBallast specification and marking Watt losses 112Starter types Glow-switch startersMain starter function 113114 Starter types115 LifetimeComponents Electronic startersComponents Capacitors116 Discharge tube Starter Capacitor Ballast Thermal protector117 IEC Filter coilsCapacitors Filter coils Power factor correction119 Power factor correction 120Lamp factor = lamp wattage / lamp voltage . lamp current Sin121 122 Placed in series with one of the ballastsSeries connection of lamps 123Series connection of lamps Neutral interruption and resonance124 Good neutral is essential125 Neutral interruption and resonance126 Electrical diagramsPL-TSC 4-pins PL-S, PL-C starter incorporated Electrical diagrams127 ‘TL’D, PL-L128 Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuitingHarmonic distortion Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting129 Harmonic distortion130 Ninth harmonicReinforce each other Electromagnetic interference131 132 Electromagnetic interferenceMinimum temperatures Lamps Ambient and operating temperaturesAmbient and operating temperatures 133Gear Maximum temperatures Lamps134 LuminairesStarters 135Ballasts Effects of mains voltage fluctuations 136Electrical wiring 137See IEC 598, section Electrical wiring138 Hum 139Dimming Dimming140 141 Coil in series and by a thyristorStroboscopic effect and striations Stroboscopic effect and striations142 For this subject, see also section Lamps143 144 Standard conditions Circuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage145 According to CEE-19-2ndedition L, U and K 146Main circuit breakers work on two principles Short-circuiting of the lamp 147Non-standard conditions Short-circuiting of the ballastShort-circuiting of the parallel compensating capacitor 148Short-circuiting of the ignitor Short-circuiting of the series capacitor149 Fault findingCircuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage 1AVisual inspection of lamps150 Electrical tests Fault finding Fault IV lamp flickers151 Fault finding 152Type ballast should be used Installation aspects153 154 MaintenanceNon-standard supply voltages Non-standard supply voltages

Electromagnetic Lamp specifications

The Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a transformative lighting solution that enhances both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed to integrate cutting-edge technology with energy efficiency, this lamp offers a range of features tailored for diverse applications, from residential to commercial use.

One of the primary features of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is its powerful electromagnetic technology. This technology allows for efficient energy conversion, resulting in superior light output while consuming minimal electricity. The lamp is engineered to provide a high lumen per watt ratio, making it an environmentally friendly choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on brightness.

The durability of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is another significant characteristic. Built with robust materials, it is designed to withstand various environmental conditions. Whether exposed to heat, moisture, or dust, this lamp guarantees longevity and reliable performance. Additionally, its resistance to temperature fluctuations makes it ideal for a range of settings, including industrial environments where resilience is essential.

In terms of versatility, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp shines brightly. It is available in multiple wattages and color temperatures, enabling users to select the perfect lighting for different spaces. From warm white shades ideal for cozy home environments to cooler, brighter options suited for workspaces, this lamp adapts to individual needs and preferences.

Moreover, the lamp incorporates advanced light distribution technology. This ensures an even spread of light without dark spots or harsh glares, enhancing visibility and comfort. It is particularly beneficial for large areas needing uniform illumination, such as warehouses, parking lots, and public areas.

Another key feature is its compatibility with smart lighting systems. Many models of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp can connect to smart home platforms, allowing for remote control, scheduling, and automation. This modern integration enhances user convenience and promotes energy savings by enabling users to optimize their lighting usage according to their routines.

In conclusion, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a perfect blend of efficiency, durability, and advanced technology. Its electromagnetic capabilities, long-lasting construction, diverse options, and smart compatibility make it an outstanding choice for anyone seeking a sustainable lighting solution without compromising on performance.
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