Philips Electromagnetic Lamp manual 152, Fault finding

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3.19 Fault finding

If the mains current is about half the lamp current, the capacitor is in order, resulting in a power factor of approx. 0.9.

2)Disconnect capacitor from circuit and discharge by short-circuiting terminals.

Check capacitor with ohmmeter set at highest resistance scale. If the meter indicates a very low resistance which then gradually increases, the capacitor is in order.

If the meter indicates a very high resistance which does not diminish, the capacitor is open-circuit and should be replaced.

If the meter indicates a very low resistance which does not increase, the capacitor is short-circuited and should be replaced.

This method can also be used for the series capacitors.

Measurement of the starting pulse voltage of a starter is beyond the capability of most instruments available in the field, due to the high peak voltages.The practical way is to replace the suspect starter by another one.

Measurements on the ballast can be done in two steps after disconnecting the ballast from the circuit:

1)Check with ohmmeter on the terminals.Values should be low (15 to 200 Ω , depending on lamp power). If the value is high, the ballast is

open-circuit.

2)Connect ballast on the mains supply (well fused!) and measure the short-circuit current.This should be approx. 1.5 times the nominal lamp current.

Measurements of the lamp electrodes can be done at the 4-pin versions with a standard ohmmeter.The resistance of the electrodes varies for the different lamp types, but is less than 50 Ω when cooled down.

Measurements on the lamp in operation can only be done if the starter is not operative.As the lamp voltage is not a sine wave and subject to the tolerances in the total circuit, measured lamp voltages only give a rough indication of correct functioning.The lamp current can be measured rather accurately.

Measurements of the mains supply normally involve the effective value of the supply voltage and mains current and sometimes the frequency. When pulses, interruptions, harmonics (wave form) can play a role, ‘laboratory’ instruments are necessary, preferably during a longer period while storing or noting the readings.

It is advisable to measure the various phase currents in an installation, in order to check the balance of the load.Also the measurement of the current in the neutral in a star network gives an indication of the quality of the total system. Due to harmonics in the lamp current, the current in the neutral is not zero, but should be 50....70 per cent of

the phase currents. If the current in the neutral is higher than in the phases, the balance in the load is not correct or the mains supply waveform does not have a good sine wave.This can lead to overload of the neutral cable.

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Contents Ignition and re-ignition Main ballast functionsStabilisation 107Ignition and re-ignition Types of ballasts108 Resistor ballastsCapacitor ballasts 109Types of ballasts Inductive ballasts or chokesBallast specification and marking 110Ballast specification and marking Maximum coil temperature tw and ΔT111 Watt losses 112Starter types Glow-switch startersMain starter function 113114 Starter types115 LifetimeComponents Electronic startersComponents Capacitors116 Discharge tube Starter Capacitor Ballast Thermal protector117 Capacitors Filter coilsIEC 119 Power factor correctionFilter coils Power factor correction 120121 SinLamp factor = lamp wattage / lamp voltage . lamp current 122 Placed in series with one of the ballastsSeries connection of lamps 123Series connection of lamps Neutral interruption and resonance124 Good neutral is essential125 Neutral interruption and resonancePL-TSC 4-pins Electrical diagrams126 PL-S, PL-C starter incorporated Electrical diagrams127 ‘TL’D, PL-L128 Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuitingHarmonic distortion Mains voltage interruptions and short-circuiting129 Harmonic distortion130 Ninth harmonic131 Electromagnetic interferenceReinforce each other 132 Electromagnetic interferenceMinimum temperatures Lamps Ambient and operating temperaturesAmbient and operating temperatures 133Gear Maximum temperatures Lamps134 LuminairesBallasts 135Starters Effects of mains voltage fluctuations 136Electrical wiring 137138 Electrical wiringSee IEC 598, section Hum 139140 DimmingDimming 141 Coil in series and by a thyristorStroboscopic effect and striations Stroboscopic effect and striations142 For this subject, see also section Lamps143 144 145 Circuit breakers, fusing and earth leakageStandard conditions Main circuit breakers work on two principles 146According to CEE-19-2ndedition L, U and K Short-circuiting of the lamp 147Non-standard conditions Short-circuiting of the ballastShort-circuiting of the parallel compensating capacitor 148Short-circuiting of the ignitor Short-circuiting of the series capacitor149 Fault findingCircuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage 1AVisual inspection of lamps150 151 Fault finding Fault IV lamp flickersElectrical tests Fault finding 152153 Installation aspectsType ballast should be used 154 MaintenanceNon-standard supply voltages Non-standard supply voltages

Electromagnetic Lamp specifications

The Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a transformative lighting solution that enhances both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed to integrate cutting-edge technology with energy efficiency, this lamp offers a range of features tailored for diverse applications, from residential to commercial use.

One of the primary features of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is its powerful electromagnetic technology. This technology allows for efficient energy conversion, resulting in superior light output while consuming minimal electricity. The lamp is engineered to provide a high lumen per watt ratio, making it an environmentally friendly choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on brightness.

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In conclusion, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a perfect blend of efficiency, durability, and advanced technology. Its electromagnetic capabilities, long-lasting construction, diverse options, and smart compatibility make it an outstanding choice for anyone seeking a sustainable lighting solution without compromising on performance.
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