Spc, SPC integer, SQRexpression | Intel 9800758-02 instruction

Functions

BASIC·SO

SPC

The SPC function returns a string of spaces n characters long when used with a PRINT statement, as in the example below. SPC, unlike the SPACE$ function, does not return an actual string, only a series of spaces. It may only be used with a PRINT statement.

SPC (integer)

10 PRINT

20 PRINT SPC (10); "Question 1":PRINT:PRINT

30 PRINT SPC (15);"How many states are there in binary logic?":PRINT

40 INPUT A$:PRINT:PRINT

50 IF A$ = "2" THEN PRINT "Correct" ELSE GOTO 750

saR

The SQR function returns the square root of the specified expression. The expres- sion must evaluate to be greater than or equal to zero, or an error message is returned. SQR is calculated in single precision.

SQR(expression)

The program below finds the square root of input A, which is entered by the user, then displays it:

10 INPUT A

20PRINT SQR(A)

30END

RUN ? 45 6.70821 RUN ? -1

ILLEGAL FUNCTION CALL IN 20

STRINGS

The STRING$ function returns a string of the same character repeated the specified number of times. If an integer argument is used, the ASCII character having that numeric code is returned the specified number of times. If a string argument is sup- plied, the first character of the string is returned the specified number of times.

STRING$ (expression, expressionlstring expression)

10A$ = STRING$(10,97)

20PRINT A$ RUN aaaaaaaaaa

OK

10A$=STRING$(10,"A")

20PRINT A$ RUN AAAAAAAAAA Ok

7-12

Image 76

Intel 9800758-02 manual Spc, SPC integer, If A$ = 2 then Print Correct Else Goto, SQRexpression

Contents

BASIC-SO Reference Manual A108/0979/7500 FL Preface Page Contents Illustrations Chapter Introduction to BASIC-80 Invoking BASIC-80 Examples Introduction to BASIC-80Basic filename MEMTOPaddress Filename Listing the Directory of a Disk Renaming a FileChanging File Attributes Deleting a File You can now run, list, or edit the program Save LP ,A Commands Statements BASIC-80 Commands Contd BASIC-80 Statements BASIC-80 Statements Contd BASIC-80 Functions BASIC-80 Functions Contd Representing Data Functions Constants Integer ConstantsDecimal Integer Constants Hexadecimal Integer Constants Single-Precision Floating-Point Constants Octal Integer ConstantsDouble-Precision Floating-Point Constants String Constants String VariablesThis is a string constant $ = Enter next data string L4! = Csng l4 YI,1 String Arrays Arithmetic Operators BASIC-SO Operators in Order of Precedence Contd Logical Operators String OperatorNumeric Expressions String Expressions Entering and Editing Programs 30 A=8*52 30 A=830 A=8*52 30 A=8*37 30 A--=8xx*522537 Control-R a = 8*37 Subcommand Command 3D press 3, then D resultsInteger D If AB then If AB then 120 Else Null SET Syntax of the X subcommand is At this point, the other editing subcommands may be used Print Undefined SET The E subcommand is entered Integer C character characterMove the cursor to PRINT. Enter 2C RE L Print Undefined SET. Enter a L Syntax Error Messages BASIC-80 Error MessagesOverflow, Underflow, and Divide-by-Zero Error Trapping Trace Facility Error Simulation Error HandlingRestarting Program Execution If line 40 is replaced with Opening a Sequential File Open 1,#1,F1DATES Refer to for further details of Print Using Writing to a Sequential FileReading from a Sequential File If executed four times, it would read all eight values Closing a Sequential File Value of R$ would be Defining a Random 1/0 Field-FIELD BuffersField #3, 20 AS N$ Disk File Input/Output Field #3, 20 AS N$, 9 AS SS$ Opening and Closing a Random Disk File Reading from a Random 1/0 FileAny of the parameters can be variables To read the next record Writing to a Random 1/0 File IntegerSingle-precision value Double-precision value MKI$ Attrib Fdrive numberfilename, W1 Attrib Fdrive numberfilename, WOAuto first lineJ, increment Clear expression,address Commands and Statements Close DEF FNX Rules for function name are the same as for variable name Defsng Defdbl Defstr Defint DIM Delete Error DIREdit END Error expression ExitField FOR-NEXT-STEP GET GosubFor variable=expression to expression Step expression GET I file number ,record number Input IF-THEN-ELSEGoto Kill LETLine Input List LSET, Rset Load Merge NEW Next 9 16 On ... Goto On ... GosubOpen OUT Option BasePoke Print Print UsingString Fields Numeric fields If X$=SEVEN and Y$=EIGHT, the results of line 40 would be Prun PUT Randomize Read REM Resume Return Save RUN line numberlstring expression ,FLine number RUN filename 60 END TRON, Troff ? 5,8,2 Wait Width ABS ATN Cint CHR$Functions Csng CVI CVS10 A# = 1.00/3.00 AO/o = Dskf EOF FIX Ok· INP HexsInputs Instr INTLEFT$ LEN LOCLOF LOG MKI$ MKS$ MKD$ MID$OCT$ Rights Peek expressionPOS integer RIGHT$ string,integer SGN SINSpaces 10 a =1 SPC SPC integerIf A$ = 2 then Print Correct Else Goto SQRexpression TAB expression STR$ expressionTAN expression Here is an example of how the USRn statement is used 60 AO/o = Appendix a BASIC-SO Error Codes Table A-I. BASIC-80 Error Codes Table A-I. BASIC-SO Error Codes Contd Appendix B BASIC-SO Reserved Words Page To halt program execution and return to command LevelTo tab across the line To resume program execution after it is stopped byPage Table D-l. Ascii Code List Appendix D Ascii Codes Table D-2. Ascii Code Definition BEL Appendixe Calling Subroutines Figure B-1. Internal Representation of Numbers and Strings Some Real Examples RESULT=USR%1VARPTRA, VARPTRB, VARPTRC» PRINTA+B+C= Result Figure E-2 /8085 Assembly Language Program Figure E-3. PL/M-80 Program Appendix F RMX/SO BASIC-SO Initializing the Predefined RMX/SO BASIC-SO Configuration ISIS-II BASIC-SO Table F-l. Sample Configuration Jumper Wiring OOOOH-OFFFH Generating Boot-Loaded and PROM-Based Versions BASIC-80 Source FilesBASIC-80 Object Files BASIC-80 Executable Files Generating a Boot-Loaded RMX/80 BASIC-80 That are not boot loaded This option is used to allocate memory. It is 1 if the bootSetting baud rates, refer to the RMX/SO Users Guide This option enables your user-written I/O drivers if you ISBC 80/20-4 Generating a PROM-Based RMX/80 BASIC-80 Prom F1 RMX820.L1BSTART, & FOBASCM.OBJ,& FORMXBAS.LlB F1 DFSDIR. L1BDIRECTORY ,RENAM E,& F1 MTI810.L1B Configuring DFS on an iSBC 80/10 Adding BASIC-SO to an Existing RMX/SO ConfigurationConfiguration Requirements ISBC SO/10 System Clock Public Variables Adding User-Written I/O Drivers to RMX/SO BASIC-SO Open 0,#1, L1LlST Figure F-S. Sample User-Written 1/0 Driver Routine Altering BASIC-80 Workspace Burning a BASIC-80 Program Into Prom Baprom F1HEATER.BAS Page Index Ase BASIC-80 RIGHT$,7-1O Request for Readerscomments 111111