Chr$, Cint, Functions | Intel 9800758-02 instruction

Functions

BASIC-80

COBl

The CDBL(X) function changes the type of expression (X) into double precision floating-point representation. In this format, calculations are accurate to 16 decimal places, compared to an accuracy of 7 decimal places in single precision floating- point representation.

Many fractions (such as 1/3 and .1) cannot be precisely represented with either single or double precision floating point, due to BASIC-80's internal numeric representation.

CDBL(expression)

10 A#=1/3

208#=CDBL(1)/3

30PRINT A#,B#

40END

RUN

.333333343267441.333333333333333 Ok

CHR$

The CHR$ function evaluates the expression to an integer and returns the equivalent ASCII character. The expression must evaluate to an integer between 0 and 255.

CHR$ (expression)

In the program below, the CHR$(12) command generates a form feed in line 110.

110PRINT CHR$(12)

120PRINT

130PRINT "TABLE 2-5: COMMONLY USED CONSTANTS"

140PRINT

150PRINT A;8;C;D;E

CINT

The CINT(X) function rounds the expression into an integer value and returns that value. If the expression is less than -32768 or greater than + 32767 then overflow will result. NOTE: The FIX and INT functions also convert to integer Formats. FIX truncates; INT truncates to an integer argument.

CINT(expression)

This program averages three numeric values and returns an integer result:

10 INPUT A,B,C

20PRINT (CINT((A+ 8+C)/3))

30END

RUN

? 45, 24,77

49

7-2

Image 66

Intel 9800758-02 manual Chr$, Cint, Functions

Contents

BASIC-SO Reference Manual A108/0979/7500 FL Preface Page Contents Illustrations Chapter Introduction to BASIC-80 Invoking BASIC-80 Basic filename MEMTOPaddress ExamplesIntroduction to BASIC-80 Filename Changing File Attributes Listing the Directory of a DiskRenaming a File Deleting a File You can now run, list, or edit the program Save LP ,A Commands Statements BASIC-80 Commands Contd BASIC-80 Statements BASIC-80 Statements Contd BASIC-80 Functions BASIC-80 Functions Contd Representing Data Functions Decimal Integer Constants ConstantsInteger Constants Hexadecimal Integer Constants Octal Integer Constants Single-Precision Floating-Point ConstantsDouble-Precision Floating-Point Constants This is a string constant String ConstantsString Variables $ = Enter next data string L4! = Csng l4 YI,1 String Arrays Arithmetic Operators BASIC-SO Operators in Order of Precedence Contd Numeric Expressions Logical OperatorsString Operator String Expressions Entering and Editing Programs 30 A=8*52 30 A=8*37 30 A=8*5230 A=8 30 A--=8xx*522537 Control-R a = 8*37 Integer D SubcommandCommand 3D press 3, then D results If AB then If AB then 120 Else Null SET Syntax of the X subcommand is At this point, the other editing subcommands may be used Move the cursor to PRINT. Enter 2C RE L Print Undefined SET The E subcommand is enteredInteger C character character Print Undefined SET. Enter a L BASIC-80 Error Messages Syntax Error MessagesOverflow, Underflow, and Divide-by-Zero Error Trapping Trace Facility Restarting Program Execution Error SimulationError Handling If line 40 is replaced with Opening a Sequential File Open 1,#1,F1DATES Reading from a Sequential File Refer to for further details of Print UsingWriting to a Sequential File If executed four times, it would read all eight values Closing a Sequential File Value of R$ would be Buffers Defining a Random 1/0 Field-FIELDField #3, 20 AS N$ Disk File Input/Output Field #3, 20 AS N$, 9 AS SS$ Any of the parameters can be variables Opening and Closing a Random Disk FileReading from a Random 1/0 File To read the next record Single-precision value Writing to a Random 1/0 FileInteger Double-precision value MKI$ Auto first lineJ, increment Attrib Fdrive numberfilename, W1Attrib Fdrive numberfilename, WO Clear expression,address Commands and Statements Close DEF FNX Rules for function name are the same as for variable name Defsng Defdbl Defstr Defint DIM Delete Edit ErrorDIR END Field Error expressionExit FOR-NEXT-STEP For variable=expression to expression Step expression GETGosub GET I file number ,record number IF-THEN-ELSE InputGoto Line Input KillLET List LSET, Rset Load Merge NEW Next 9 16 On ... Gosub On ... GotoOpen Option Base OUTPoke Print Using PrintString Fields Numeric fields If X$=SEVEN and Y$=EIGHT, the results of line 40 would be Prun PUT Randomize Read REM Resume Return Line number RUN filename SaveRUN line numberlstring expression ,F 60 END TRON, Troff ? 5,8,2 Wait Width ABS ATN CHR$ CintFunctions 10 A# = 1.00/3.00 CsngCVI CVS AO/o = Dskf EOF FIX Ok· Hexs INPInputs INT InstrLEFT$ LOF LENLOC LOG MID$ MKI$ MKS$ MKD$OCT$ POS integer RightsPeek expression RIGHT$ string,integer Spaces SGNSIN 10 a =1 If A$ = 2 then Print Correct Else Goto SPCSPC integer SQRexpression STR$ expression TAB expressionTAN expression Here is an example of how the USRn statement is used 60 AO/o = Appendix a BASIC-SO Error Codes Table A-I. BASIC-80 Error Codes Table A-I. BASIC-SO Error Codes Contd Appendix B BASIC-SO Reserved Words Page To tab across the line To halt program execution and return to commandLevel To resume program execution after it is stopped byPage Table D-l. Ascii Code List Appendix D Ascii Codes Table D-2. Ascii Code Definition BEL Appendixe Calling Subroutines Figure B-1. Internal Representation of Numbers and Strings Some Real Examples RESULT=USR%1VARPTRA, VARPTRB, VARPTRC» PRINTA+B+C= Result Figure E-2 /8085 Assembly Language Program Figure E-3. PL/M-80 Program Appendix F RMX/SO BASIC-SO Initializing the Predefined RMX/SO BASIC-SO Configuration ISIS-II BASIC-SO Table F-l. Sample Configuration Jumper Wiring OOOOH-OFFFH BASIC-80 Object Files Generating Boot-Loaded and PROM-Based VersionsBASIC-80 Source Files BASIC-80 Executable Files Generating a Boot-Loaded RMX/80 BASIC-80 Setting baud rates, refer to the RMX/SO Users Guide That are not boot loadedThis option is used to allocate memory. It is 1 if the boot This option enables your user-written I/O drivers if you ISBC 80/20-4 Generating a PROM-Based RMX/80 BASIC-80 Prom F1 RMX820.L1BSTART, & FOBASCM.OBJ,& FORMXBAS.LlB F1 DFSDIR. L1BDIRECTORY ,RENAM E,& F1 MTI810.L1B Configuration Requirements Configuring DFS on an iSBC 80/10Adding BASIC-SO to an Existing RMX/SO Configuration ISBC SO/10 System Clock Public Variables Adding User-Written I/O Drivers to RMX/SO BASIC-SO Open 0,#1, L1LlST Figure F-S. Sample User-Written 1/0 Driver Routine Altering BASIC-80 Workspace Burning a BASIC-80 Program Into Prom Baprom F1HEATER.BAS Page Index Ase BASIC-80 RIGHT$,7-1O Request for Readerscomments 111111