National Instruments IMAQ Vision for Measurement Studio B

Glossary

IMAQVision for LabWindows/CVI User Manual G-2 ni.com

B

b Bit. One binary digit, either 0 or 1.

B Byte.Eight related bits of data, an eight-bit binary number. Also denotes

the amount of memory required to store one byte of data.

barycenter The grayscalevalue representing the centroid of the range of an image's

grayscale valuesin the image histogram.

binary image An image in which the objects usually havea pixel intensity of 1 (or 255)

and the background has a pixel intensity of 0.

binary morphology Functions that perform morphological operations on a binary image.

binary threshold Separationof an image into objects o finterest (assigned a non-zero pixel

value)and background (assigned pixel values of 0) based on the intensities

ofthe image pixels.

bit depth The number of bits (n) used to encode the value of a pixel. For a givenn,

ap ixelcan take 2ndifferent values. For example, if nequals 8-bits, a pixel

can take256 different values ranging from 0 to 255. If nequals 16 bits, a

pixelcan take 65,536 different values ranging from 0 to 65,535 or –32,768

to 32,767.

black referencel evel The levelthat represents the darkest an image can get. See also white

reference level.

blob Binary largeobject. A connect ed regionor grou ping of pixelsi n an image

inwhich all pixels have the same intensity level. Blobs are also referred to

asobjects orp articles.

blob analysis Aseries ofprocessing operations and analysis functions that produce some

information about the blobs in an image.

blurring Reduces the amount of detail in an image. Blurring commonly occurs

because the camera isout of focus. You can blur an image intentionally

byapplying a lowpass frequency filter.

BMP Bitmap. Image fileformat co mmonly used for 8-bit and color images

(extensionBMP).

Contents

Main IMAQ Page Important Information Warranty Copyright Trademarks WARNINGREGARDING USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS Conventions Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to IMAQ Vision Chapter 2 Getting Measurement-Ready Images Chapter 3 Grayscale and Color Measurements Chapter 4 Blob Analysis Chapter 5 Machine Vision Page Introduction to IMAQ Vision About IMAQ Vision Documentation and Examples Application Development Environments IMAQ Vision Function Tree Page IMAQ Machine Vision Function Tree Creating IMAQ Vision Applications Chapter1 Introductionto IMAQ Vision Figure1-2. InspectionSteps for Building a Vision Application IMAQVision for LabWindows/CVI User Manual 1-6 ni.com Getting Measurement-Ready Images Set Up Your Imaging System Calibrate Your Imaging System Create an Image Page Source and Destination Images AcquireorReadanImage Acquiring an Image Reading a File Converting an Array to an Image Display an Image Attach Calibration Information Analyze an Image Improve an Image Lookup Tables Filters Convolution Filter Nth Order Filter Grayscale Morphology FFT Page Complex Image Operations Grayscale and Color Measurements Define Regions of Interest Interactively Defining Regions Page Page Page Page Programmatically Defining Regions Defining Regions with Masks Measure Grayscale Statistics Measure Color Statistics Figure3-4. Primary Components of a Color Image Comparing Colors Learning Color Information Choosing the Right Color Information Specifying the Color Information to Learn Using the Entire Image Using a Region in the Image Using Multiple Regions in the Image Choosing a Color Representation Sensitivity Ignoring Learned Colors Blob Analysis Correct Image Distortion Create a Binary Image Improve the Binary Image Removing Unwanted Blobs Separating TouchingBlobs Improving Blob Shapes Make Particle Measurements Page Page Convert Pixel Coordinates to Real-World Coordinates Machine Vision Locate Objects to Inspect UsingEdgeDetectiontoBuildaCoordinateTransform Page Using Pattern Matching to Build a Coordinate Transform Page Chapter5 MachineVision NationalInstruments Corporation 5-7 IMAQVision for LabWindows/CVI User Manual ChoosingaMethodtoBuildtheCoordinateTransform Figure5-4. Buildinga Coordinate Transform Set Search Areas Interactively Defining Regions Programmatically Defining Regions Find Measurement Points Finding Features Using Edge Detection Finding Lines or Circles Figure5-5. Findinga Straight Feature Finding Edge Points Along One Search Contour Finding Edge Points Along Multiple Search Contours Finding Points Using Pattern Matching Defining and Create Good TemplateImages Symmetry Feature detail Positional information Background information Trainingthe Pattern Matching Algorithm Defining a Search Area Setting Matching Parameters and Tolerances Match Mode Minimum Contrast Rotation Angle Ranges Testingthe Search Algorithm on Test Images Using a Ranking Method to Verify Results Finding Points Using Color Pattern Matching Defining and Creating Good Color TemplateImages Color Information Symmetry Feature Detail Positional Information Trainingthe Color Pattern Matching Algorithm Defining a Search Area Setting Matching Parameters and Tolerances Color Sensitivity Search Strategy Color Score Weight Minimum Contrast Rotation Angle Ranges Testingthe Search Algorithm on Test Images Finding Points Using Color Location Convert Pixel Coordinates to Real-World Coordinates Make Measurements Distance Measurements Analytic Geometry Measurements Instrument Reader Measurements Display Results Page Calibration Perspective and Nonlinear Distortion Calibration Defining a Calibration Template Defining a Reference Coordinate System Page Page Learning Calibration Information Specifying Scaling Factors Choosing a Region of Interest Choosing a Learning Algorithm Using the Learning Score Learning the Error Map Learning the Correction Table Setting the Scaling Method Calibration Invalidation Simple Calibration Save Calibration Information Attach Calibration Information A Technical Support Resources Web Support NI Developer Zone Customer Education System Integration Worldwide Support Glossary Numbers/Symbols A B C Page D E F G H I Page J K L M N O P Page Q R S T Page Index A B C D E F G H I Page Page L M N O P R S T V W Z