What to do next

nYou see a blinking question mark icon on the screen.

This icon means that you need to install system software on the computer’s hard disk. System software includes the programs the computer uses to start itself up. You received a set of system software disks in the box with your computer. For instructions, see the chapter on installing system software in the reference section of this book.

nIf you have never used a Macintosh computer before, continue with the next section, “Learning the Basics.”

nIf you have never used a PowerBook computer before, continue with the section “Turning the PowerBook On and Off.” This section contains information about power states that can help you use your computer efficiently.

nIf you are an experienced PowerBook user, you are ready to start your own work.

6 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo

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Apple Duo 270C manual What to do next, You see a blinking question mark icon on the screen

Contents

PowerBook User’s Guide Apple Computer, Inc Contents Choose a command Open an icon Part Before you installContents Working with several programs at a time Power Management Using Disks Organizing Your Files Adapting Your Computer Printing 187 184185 188 223 Virtual memory 222 Power conservation218 228 Quick Reference Appendix C Map Radio and television interference XiiiPage How to Use This Book Welcome to PowerBook DuoPage Setting Up Your PowerBook Duo Plug in the power adapter Setting up the computerSetting Up Your PowerBook Duo Open the display Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display Power On key Turn on the computer Nothing happened when you pressed the Power On key Power button What to do next You see a blinking question mark icon on the screen Learning the basics Adjust the screen brightness and contrast controlsPress the Power On key above the keyboard Before you begin Starting the tour Continues Now your screen should look like the following illustration Page Conserve power when you won’t be using it for several hours Turning the PowerBook on and offTo turn the PowerBook off Off Sleep To put the PowerBook to sleepWhen the PowerBook is in sleep, it draws enough power Automatic sleep If the computer is off, press the Power On key To turn the PowerBook Duo onWhen the PowerBook is on, you can do your work On/off summary When you turn on your computer Restarting a computer that’s already on Restarting a computer that can’t be turned on normally If you have a floppy disk drive, restart from a floppy disk ± Warning Do not use the computer in or near water Do not drop or jar the computer Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments Do not touch the screen with any sharp or pointed objects Health-related information about computer use Musculoskeletal discomfort Arranging your work area and equipment Eye fatigueChair Change hand positions often to avoid fatigue Keyboard and trackballThis Mouse Contrast Brightness Setting Up Your PowerBook DuoBuilt-in display External monitor Avoiding fatiguePage Working on the Desktop Use the trackball Point Click Press Drag Choose a command Telling the PowerBook to do something involves two steps Click the startup hard disk icon to select it Open an iconDots, indicating that it has been opened Look at the contents of a window Continues Active window Make a window larger or smallerSize box Working on the Desktop Click the zoom box again Click the zoom box near the right end of the title barZoom box Move the hidden contents of a window into view Horizontal scroll bar Scroll arrow Scroll box Close a windowClick the close box Close box Point to the title bar of the active Macintosh HD window Move a windowTitle bar What’s on the desktop? Icons represent containers Working on the Desktop Windows let you see what’s inside all these containers Windows let you see what’s inside containersMenus offer you choices Memo Arrow keys Modifier keysModifier keys Page Why it’s important to save your work, and how to save it How to switch between programsMake sure that your computer is on TeachText menus Open a programOpen the TeachText icon Creating and Changing a Document You will be changing this text later in this chapter Create a documentSave your work Choose Save from the File menu Type Opening Lines Switch programsClick Save Here is another way to make a program active Close a document Close the Opening Lines window Next step describes a different way to open an icon Open a documentBecause most Macintosh programs work in similar ways Change a document Now you’re ready to change the text Click the trackball button once With people selected, type the words human beings Now you’ll rearrange some text Save your work so far Save regularly, and save often Make more changes Taking a shortcut With each other selected, type one another Quit a program With togetherness selected, type brotherhood To use memory Make a copy of a documentClick the Opening Lines icon to select it Quitting a program Prompts you to save your work Change the name of an icon Choose Duplicate from the File menu Press the Return key Use the TrashPressing Return saves the new name Click OK Open the Trash iconChoose Empty Trash from the Special menu Close the Trash window by clicking its close box Learning More To open the PowerBook control panel Open the Battery desk accessoryOpen the PowerBook control panel Learning More About Your PowerBook Turn on Balloon Help Open the PowerBook iconUse Balloon Help Many Macintosh programs also have Balloon Help Click your hard disk icon to select it Turn off Balloon HelpPoint to the File menu Double-sided 800K disk Using floppy disksSecond hole Floppy disks and hard disks Inserting a floppy disk Start learning how to use your application programsUse Part III of this book At this point, you couldPage Setting Up Your Programs Before you install, reinstall, or update system software Before you installInstalling system software Installer program opens automatically Restart your PowerBook Easy Install dialog box appears Easy Install dialog box appears Installing customized system softwareClick the Customize button Click Install Starting up with a floppy disk Installing programs without a floppy disk drive Installing your programsThere are other ways to copy programs onto your hard disk Checking for computer viruses Hiding and showing windows on the desktop Switching programsFinding out what programs are open Open programs Close the Info window Preferred size must always be larger than Minimum size Copying items from the Scrapbook Using the ScrapbookStoring items in the Scrapbook Deleting items from the Scrapbook Creating a RAM disk Using a RAM diskRemember a few precautions if you use a RAM disk Click the On button below the words RAM disk Choose Restart from the Special menu Erasing a RAM diskResizing or removing a RAM disk Drag the items you want to the RAM disk icon Making a RAM disk the startup disk Install a minimal System Folder on the RAM diskCreate a RAM disk Page Power Management Power sources Power Management Monitoring the battery charge levelUsing the Battery desk accessory Lightning bolt icon What you should know Responding to low-power messagesWhat you should do Lever Recharging in the computer Recharging the batteryPlug in the power adapter as shown There are two ways to recharge Recharging in a recharger Lights on the recharger indicate the following To recharge a battery, follow these stepsBattery + hours Batteries 41⁄2 hours Table shows approximate recharging times for fully Recharging in both the computer and a recharger Replacement batteries come with a door attached Removing or replacing the batteryDoor is physically attached to the battery Save your work, and then choose Sleep from the Special menu Maximizing battery life and work time Close the battery door by pushing it back into place Replacing the backup batteries Disposing of dead batteries Reconditioning the battery To recondition a battery, follow these steps Click Quit to exit the Battery Reconditioning application Ways to conserve battery power Maximizing work time Close the PowerBook control panel Adjusting the battery conservation settingsDrag the slider to the setting you want Easiest approach More about automatic sleep and screen dimming Using the Custom optionsSystem Hard disk Processor cycling Battery Conservation settingsTo set the time sliders Processor speed To slow the processor speed, follow these steps Click the Custom button Power ConservationTo turn power conservation back to automatic, click Auto Drag the slider of the times you want to change Initializing a hard disk Preparing a new disk for use105 Click Initialize Click Init to initialize the hard disk Using DisksHard disk’s Scsi ID number Hard disk’s name Third message asks you to name the disk Initializing a floppy diskClick Erase Type a name for the disk Designating a startup disk Erasing a floppy diskClick the icon of the disk you want to erase Locking a floppy disk Protecting the information on a diskScanning order for startup disks Internal hard disk Locking a file If you can’t save files on a floppy disk Backing up your files All three methods also work with CD-ROM discs Ejecting a diskIf you can’t eject a floppy disk Disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop Caring for disks Testing and repairing disksHard disk precautions If a hard disk icon doesn’t appear Using Disk First Aid Click Open Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon Testing a hard diskFor assistance if necessary Straightening up your files Choose New Folder from the File menu Using folders to organize your filesCreating and naming folders Type a name for the folder and press Return Filing documents when you save them Uses for aliases Making items easier to findCreating an alias Choose Make Alias from the File menu Locating the original of an alias Installing an item in the Apple menuMoving an item to the desktop Click the Find Original button Choose Find from the File menu Finding an itemFinding an item by name Click the Find button Date here One at a time Finding an item using other criteriaSearch Type text or set Pop-up menu Outline Location for the searchList view Folders Organizing Your Files Finding items that meet two criteria Ways to use the Find commandItems found are shown highlighted in an outline view Creating a template or stationery Getting information about your files Using the Info windowGet Info command displays information about a selected item File’s Info window View menu Assigning a label to a file Using the View menuType of list displayed is underlined On floppy disks Tips on transferring filesOn another hard disk Page Setting the beep sound 131 Click the beep sound that you want your computer to use Installing a soundDrag the slider up or down to set the volume Close the Sound control panel Recording sounds Removing a soundClick the icon of the sound input device you want to use Click the Add button Get ready to record, then click the Record button Displaying colors or grays Click the Grays or the Colors button Changing the highlight color or gray Changing the color of window borders Changing the background pattern Close the control panel Assigning a color to an iconTo save the new pattern, double-click the sample pattern Sample pattern Color bar for selecting colors or grays Click the color you want to change. a dialog box appears To change a color, click it Wheel Using more than one monitorYou make these adjustments in the Monitors control panel Gray you want Using a second monitor for presentations Drag the icons to approximate the positions of your monitors Magnifying the screen image CloseView control panel Inverts Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 145 Specifying which items you want opened at startup Installing an item in the Apple menuInstalling files in the System Folder To have a program or a document open automatically when Removing files from the System Folder Setting the time and date Labels Colors Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off Choose Alarm Clock from the Apple K menu Icon showing ringing alarm Turning the alarm offClick the close box to close the Alarm Clock Changing time and date formats Dialog box that appears, make the changes you want Changing the date formatClick OK to close the control panel Changing the time format Make the changes you want Type the currency symbol here Make the changes that you want Close the control panel Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works Click the double-clicking speed you want Adjusting the way the keyboard works Close the Keyboard control panel Modifier Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typingMaking keyboard shortcuts easier to type Sticky Keys Key has been Adjusting the blinking of a menu item Click the button for the blinking rate you want Changing the way the contents of windows appear Changing an icon Select the picture you want to use for the icon Turning off the Empty Trash warning You can turn off this warning in the Trash’s Info box Making the most of your memory Managing memoryChecking memory use Remember the following tips on memory management Adjusting the disk cache Using hard disk space as memory Turning on 32-bit addressing Choosing a printer Before you print165 Close the Chooser window If your printer is connected directly to your computerIf your printer is connected over a network Printing Close the Chooser Choose Chooser from the Apple K menuClick the icon of the printer you want to use Your computer is connected to a Selecting Page Setup options Original’s size To the printed image Updating printer software on networked computers Make sure that the hard disk indicated is the correct one Printer software available Printing your workChoose Print from the File menu Paper-feed Printing the contents of a window or the desktop Check the cable connections to the printer Solutions to common printing problemsMake sure that the printer is turned on and warmed up Controlling background printing PrintMonitor window Working with fonts Outline fonts and bitmap fonts Installing fonts Transferring fonts to a LaserWriter printer Removing fontsLocate and open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon Fonts you added are listed in the Font Utility dialog box Choose Download Fonts from the File menuTo the printer Initializing a hard disk attached to a printer Finding out about available fontsOther ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility Click Initialize Restarting a LaserWriter printer Turning the printer’s start page on or off Transferring a PostScript file to a LaserWriter Type a name for the log, and then click Save What networking offers 181 Setting up your computer on a network Using Your Computer on a Network Printer port Icon Connecting to a networkTurning on AppleTalk AppleTalk must be active before you can use a network Close the Sharing Setup control panel Naming your computer and its owner Connecting to a shared disk AppleShare icon Click OK Click Guest or Registered User Click the name of the computer you want to useCapitalization does not need to match Click the name of a shared disk to select it Disconnecting from a shared diskIcon of the shared disk appears on your desktop Connecting automatically when you start up Connecting quickly to a shared diskConnect to a shared disk Click OK Close the Chooser Reconnecting a PowerBook to shared disksClose the AutoRemounter control panel Changing your password Creating a new folder on another computer Click OK Click OK in the dialog box that appears Giving folder ownership to someone elseBullet appears for each letter you type User or group that you named assumes ownership immediately Turning file sharing on Sharing your own filesHow file sharing works Section labeled File Sharing, click the Start button Open the Guest icon Turning on guest accessClose the window and click Save in the box that appears Selecting a folder or disk to share Close the window and click Save in the dialog box Taking back a shared folder or disk Naming a registered userAny shared folder or disk can be made private again Type the name of a person you want to register Setting a registered user’s passwordType a password in the User Password box, then press Tab To register more users, repeat steps 2 You don’t need to include the Guest icon in any group Naming a group of usersSeeing who’s in a group To see the names of all group members, open the group icon Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk Remove the X marks in this row To deny access to guests, open the Guest icon Giving away ownership of a folder or disk on your computer Removing a user from a groupRemoving a user or group from your list of registered users You cannot throw away the Guest icon or the owner icon Click OK to confirm that you want to change ownership Turning file sharing offTo turn file sharing off immediately, type the number Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer Monitoring file-sharing activity Gaining access to your computer from another computer Changing your password See Files allows people to see, open, and copy files Using access privilegesUnderstanding access privileges See Folders allows people to see, open, and copy folders Choose a registered user or group to share the item with Select a folder or disk Choose Sharing from the File menuTo prevent the folder from being changed, place an Access privilege strategies Working with privileges that others have set Icon Meaning Linking to a program on another computer Checking your access privilegesLinking programs You can only link to programs that are shared Select the program you want to link to Click OK Two programs are now linked Turning program linking on Disconnecting a program linkThen you make a program available for linking by sharing it Open the program Selecting a program for linkingAllowing guests to link to your programs Click here to share this program Naming specific users to link to your programs Using the PowerBook Duo Dock 215 Duo Dock features An internal 1.4 MB floppy disk drive Printer Scsi Video Sound ADB port PowerVGA monitors Floppy Dock can hold a monitor weighing up to 100 lbs kg Setting up the Duo DockPlace the dock on a hard, flat surface Video port Follow the instructions that came with the equipment Dock won’t accept the computer Inserting the PowerBook Duo into the Duo DockDock ejects the computer Turning on the Powerbook Duo System How to take advantage of the Duo Dock’s features Battery rechargingPower conservation Your preferences Scsi devices Hard disksVirtual memory Network If you have system problemsModem Using security features Turn the key to the vertical unlocked position Ejecting the PowerBook Duo from the Duo DockUnlock the dock if it is locked Press the eject button Useful shortcut Dock doesn’t eject the computer When the dock is locked, you can’t use the square hole Installing a NuBus cardGetting ready Installing the card Power supply case Pinch clip and then pull up Lift the subassembly straight up to remove it NuBus card guide Building a PowerBook Duo System Hard disk drive Floppy disk drive Connector Next four steps describe how to insert the cardDon’t press the connectors together yet Align connectors Pin Slot Hole Your card is now installed Gap Tighten the screws you loosened in step Using the PowerBook Duo MiniDock Printer An external modem LocalTalk network Duo MiniDock featuresPower adapter ‚ Security slot Place your equipment where you’ll be using it Setting up the Duo MiniDockPower adapter comes with your PowerBook Duo MiniDock Continues More about modem and printer ports Follow the instructions that came with the device Before you dock Shut down for access to all devicesSleep for access to everything except Scsi devices Don’t dock with the computer turned on Make sure the PowerBook Duo is in sleep or shut down Computer is not docked until the latch is pushed down Power On key is marked with a triangle pointing left Turning on the PowerBook Duo SystemMaking your external monitor the main monitor Nothing happened when you tried to turn on the PowerBook Duo System is on, but the external monitor is dark Your preferences Working with a PowerBook Duo systemInput devices Power adapter Battery rechargingMonitors Hard disks Virtual memory Gently pull the PowerBook away from the minidock If you have system problemsRemoving the PowerBook Duo from the Duo MiniDock Modem Using the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter Building a PowerBook Duo System Page Press the Power On key on your external keyboard Turning on the PowerBook DuoPress the Power On key on your computer Trouble? Remove the attached devices in any order Floppy disk drive precautionsOther adapters Eject any disk from the drive before closing the cover Installing software Using Scsi devicesScsi port Scsi port icon ID number indicator ID number switch Setting Scsi ID numbersSmall hole gives you access to the ID number switch Make sure the Scsi device is turned off If you are attaching more than one Scsi device Checking that the Scsi chain is properly terminatedIf you are attaching one Scsi device Scsi terminator Repeat for each additional device you want to connect Connecting cablesIllustration shows where to add cable terminators If this Scsi device has an internal Using your PowerBook Duo as a Scsi disk Connecting your computer as a Scsi disk Turn off any other devices in the Scsi chain Turn on the PowerBook by pressing the Power On key Simplifying the Scsi disk connection process Don’t make any other connections yet Change conflicting Scsi ID numbers if necessary Quitting Scsi disk mode Drawing battery power in Scsi disk modeDisconnect the cables from the desktop Macintosh See the documentation that came with the modem Connecting a modemConnect the modem to a power source and to the phone line Make sure the modem is turned off External modem is ready to use Connecting a printerClick the External Modem button Printer port Printer port icon Connecting sound input and output devices Adding memory to your computer Travel, Storage and Service Traveling with the PowerBookDo not check your computer as baggage. Carry it with you Travel, Storage, and Service Storing the PowerBookJapan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan If the PowerBook malfunctions or is damaged Protecting the PowerBook Duo system from theftService and support How to get help Canada Apple Computer, Inc Apple Canada, Inc Customer RelationsMariani Avenue 800 268-7796/7637 Technical information For more information about Macintosh computersMacintosh user groups Apple Technical Library Assistance for hardware and software developers International Fax Working with icons Double-clickShift-click Selecting icons Moving, copying, and renaming an icon Working with windowsOpening an icon Making a window the active window Scrolling through the contents of a window Opening higher-level folder windows Using the outline form in list views Working with menus To choose an item in a submenu Choosing an item from a menuChoosing an item from a submenu Drag to the menu item so that the submenu appears KeyAction Up, Down, Left Troubleshooting PowerBook Duo Computer just stopped Power Battery is draining too fast You started or restarted the computer after connecting it Screen There are ghost images or black dots on the screen Trackball Memory Duo Dock See for more information about the Duo Dock Duo MiniDock See for more information about the Duo MiniDock Computer doesn’t recognize your Scsi devices See for more information about working with Scsi devices Disk drives and disks Hard disk keeps stopping and starting again Hard disk is full You can’t delete a file Printers ModemsPrinter may be turned off. Turn it on Network printer keeps restarting Networks You can’t open a shared disk or folder Application programs Program won’t open Command or in some programs canceling an Letters only numbers Symbols aren’t affectedCommand key Works in combination with Outlined button To turn Caps Lock on or off, press the Caps Lock key Using Caps LockAppendix a Keyboard and Character Sets Diacritical mark Key combination Option-cPage Locate the Apple File Exchange icon and open it Initializing a disk in MS-DOS formatInsert a blank disk into your floppy disk drive Type a name for the disk, and then click OK Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files With MS-DOS Computers Follow these steps to translate an MS-DOS or ProDOS file Converting files to and from MS-DOS formatDisk name Pull down the translation menu you want Click Translate Other file-conversion options Page Setting your location Map Your current location is indicated by a blinking cross Comparing locationsClick the Set button Appendix C Map Finding a location Changing or removing a location Adding or removing a locationAdding a location Click the Add City button Categories of users Accessing your computer from Another 204-205assigningAC power source for running Computer ADB port Duo Dock Arrow keys 45, 280 Tips for 92 Using Battery Conservation slider 67Turning off to make more memory available Audio output devices Blinking question mark icon 6, 73 blink rates Battery Reconditioning application 97-98beep sound SettingChair, adjusting 22, 23 changing Colors Another 204-205 Keyboard shortcuts and 58 commandsCustom View PowerBook control panel 67, 100 AutoRemounter Battery 66 Key Caps 178 Desktop Using Map Date & Time control panel 148-149Dead batteries, disposal of 96 delays Easy Install 75 Double-sided floppy disks 69, 70. See also floppy disks Ejecting the computer from 226-228, 287 featuresWeight limit 218 ports Fonts Scsi 256, 263 sound output 268 video DisconnectingVideo mirroring 248 ports ADB Duplicate File menu 62 Format 303-305File menu Close Troubleshooting File server. See shared disksAccessing your computer from Find Again 122 Get Info Changing an icon Folders Find File menu 122-125findingMS-DOS or ProDOS format 301-302inserting Printing font samples Program linking Giving orders to your computer 32 grays DisplayingGrounding plug Duo Dock Giving away ownership of 201-202icon 43 Trash 15, 34, 44, 64 types of 42-44used in views Suitcases font families 175, 176 TeachTextLocking a file Initialize Printer’s Disk LaserWriter Font Utility Duo MiniDock and 238 License agreement for software 78, 195 limited warranty 19Linking Disk Drive Macintosh HD icon Between Microphone connecting 268 recording soundsWeight limit Monitors control panel 135, 141-142 Mouse Memory On power state Open File menu 33, 35, 38 opening Registered users and groups 195-198network administratorGiving commands NuBus cards Icons Personal LaserWriter SC 166 pointing Pop-up menus 279 ports PrintMonitorPaste Edit menu 56, 82 Floppy disk drive ProDOS format To the Duo MiniDock 238, 239, 242 troubleshootingInstaller 74-77, 85, 169 installing Pulling down a menu 30 Put Away File menu 64, 112 Question mark. See blinking question mark icon Requirements for using a RAM diskUsing Scsi disk mode 263-264removing Battery Quit File menu LaserWriter MiniDock 250 installing software for 256 overviewRepetitive stress injuries RSIs 21 replacing Ports 19 Sharing File menu Connecting your computer as a Scsi disk 17Selecting icons 29 Shutdown state Setting the beep sound 131-132Special menuDisconnecting from a shared disk 187 RAM disk and 83 Slow Keys Television and radio reception, interference with Using Scsi disk modeAvailable For computer 20 Duo Dock 220, 221, 224, 227 ChooserBlinking icons File sharing Ray machines at airports and your PowerBook Displaying window contents or list of itemsWall mount plug Warranty information 19, 281 windows Waking the computer. See also turning on the computer Infinite Loop Cupertino, California 408 030-4272-A TLX