IP Routing, 107 | D-Link DES-3326S specification

DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Usually, it is a network policy to assign the same IP address to a given network device or computer each time.

If the IP address lease expires, the network device sends a message to the DHCP server requesting a lease renewal. The DHCP server can send an acknowledgement containing a new lease and updated configuration information.

If an IP address lease cannot be renewed, the network device or computer sends a request to all local DHCP servers attempting to renew the lease. If the DHCP returns a negative acknowledgement, the network device must release its TCP/IP configuration and reinitialize.

When a new TCP/IP configuration is received from a DHCP server, the network device checks for a possible IP address conflict by sending an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request that contains its new IP address.

For two DHCP servers to communicate across different subnets, the BOOTP/DHCP Relay of the DES-3326S must be used. The DHCP servers are identified by IP addresses.

IP Routing

IP handles the task of determining how packets will get from their source to their destination. This process is referred to as routing.

For IP to work, the local system must be attached to a network. It is safe to assume that any system on this network can send packets to any other system, but when packets must cross other networks to reach a destination on a remote network, these packets must be handled by gateways (also called routers).

Switch Management and Operating Concepts

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D-Link DES-3326S manual IP Routing, 107

Contents

DES-3326S Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise Page Hardware Warranties Exclusive Software Page Copyright Statement Link Offices for Registration and Warranty ServiceTrademarks Viii FCC WarningCE Mark Warning Vcci Warning Bsmi Warning Table of Contents Snmp Using WEB-BASED Management Xii Introduction Layer 3 Switching Introduction Functions of a Layer 3 Switch Ports FeaturesPerformance Features Layer 2 Features DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Switch Features Management Traffic Classification and Prioritization Supports Web-based management Fast Ethernet Technology Switch Stacking Gigabit Ethernet Technology Unpacking Unpacking and Setup Desktop or Shelf Installation Installation Installing rubber feet for desktop installation Rack Installation 2B. Installing the switch on an equipment rack Power on Power Failure Front Panel Identifying External Components Rear Panel Rear panel view of the Switch Optional Plug-in Modules Side Panels 1000BASE-T Module 100BASE-FX Fiber Module 2Km/15Km 62.5 ∝m 1000BASE-SX Fiber Module BASE-LX two-port module 1000BASE-LX Fiber Module Stacking Module with Gbic Port Gbic Two-Port Module Stacking Port Gbic Port 11. Up to 6 Switches in a Switch Stack Stacking Module LED Indicators Switch LED Indicators 13. Stacking Module LED Indicators Switch to End Node Connecting Switch Switch connected to an End Node Switch to Hub or Switch Switch Stack Connections 10BASE-T Device Switch Stack connections between optional stacking Modules 100BASE-TX Device Local Console Management Switch Management Operating Concepts Diagnostic console port RS-232 DCE Managing Switch Stacks Switch Stack Order − First Determining the Switch Stack Order 2original Master 001122334450 Console Boot Screen Switch IP Address Traps Setting an IP Address Switch Management and Operating Concepts Snmp performs the following functions Snmp Traps Authentication DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Link Change Event This trap is sent MIBs Packet Forwarding MAC Address Aging Time Filtering Some filtering is done automatically by the switch Spanning Tree Parameter Description Default Value Variable Description Default Value Bridge Protocol Data Units Creating a Stable STP Topology Port transitions from one state to another as follows STP Port States STP Port State Transitions User-Changeable STA Parameters Feature Default Value DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Illustration of STP Before Applying the STA Rules After Applying the STA Rules Link Aggregation Link Aggregation Group VLANs Defaultvlan Some relevant terms Ieee 802.1Q VLANs802.1Q Vlan Packet Forwarding Ieee 802.1Q Packet Forwarding 802.1Q Vlan Tags Ieee 802.1Q Tag Adding an Ieee 802.1Q Tag Port Vlan ID Switch Management and Operating Concepts Ingress Filtering Tagging and Untagging VLANs in Layer 2 Only Mode Definitions Layer 3-Based VLANsIP Addressing and Subnetting IP Addresses 255 Binary to Decimal Conversion Address Classes Subnet Masking Calculating the Number of Subnets and Nodes Classless InterDomain Routing Cidr Class a Subnet Masks 10. Class B Subnet Masks Setting up IP Interfaces 12. Vlan Example Assigned Ports Internet Protocols OSI Seven Layer Network Model Protocol Layering Protocol Stack Layer Layer TCP/IP DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide TCP Packet Headers 10. TCP Packet Header Switch Management and Operating Concepts 100 Ethernet 101 12. Ethernet Packet Header 102 TCP and UDP Well-Known Ports 103 UDP and Icmp 104 13. Ethernet Packet Header 105 Domain Name ResolutionDomain Name System Mapping Domain Names to Addresses 106 Dhcp Servers 107 IP Routing 108 Packet Fragmentation and Reassembly 109 ARP 110 MulticastingMulticast Groups 111 Address Assignment 112 Internet Group Management Protocol Igmp 113 Igmp Versions 1 114 14. Igmp Type Codes 115 Multicast Routing Algorithms 116 FloodingMulticast Spanning Trees 117 Reverse Path Broadcasting RPB 118 Reverse Path Multicasting RPM 119 Multicast Routing ProtocolsDistance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol Dvmrp 120 Protocol-Independent Multicast Dense ModeRouting Protocols Routing Information Protocol RIP 121 122 RIP Version 1 Message Format 123 17. RIP v.1 Message Format 124 RIP 1 Message 125 RIP 1 Route InterpretationRIP Version 2 Extensions RIP2 Message Format 126 Open Shortest Path First Ospf 127 Link-State Algorithm 128 Shortest Path Algorithm 129 Ospf CostShortest Path Tree 130 19. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree 131 20. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree 132 Areas and Border Routers 133 Link-State Packets 134 Backbone and Area Ospf AuthenticationSimple Password Authentication Message Digest Authentication MD-5 136 Virtual LinksAreas Not Physically Connected to Area Partitioning the Backbone 137 Neighbors 138 AdjacenciesDesignated Router Election Building Adjacency 139 140 Adjacencies on Point-to-Point InterfacesOspf Packet Formats 141 Ospf Packet HeaderField Description 142 143 Hello Packet 144 Hello Packet 145 BDR 146 Database Description Packet 147 18. Database Description Packet 148 Link-State Request Packet 149 Link-State Update Packet 150 Link-State Acknowledgment Packet 151 Link-State Advertisement Formats 152 Link State Advertisement Header 153 Link-State Advertisement Header 154 155 Router Links Advertisements 156 Routers Links Advertisements 157 FieldDescription 158 159 160 Network Links Advertisements 161 Network Link Advertisements 162 Summary Link Advertisements 163 31. Summary Link Advertisement 164 Autonomous Systems External Link Advertisements 165 AS External Link Advertisements 166 167 Introduction 168 Before You StartGeneral Deployment Strategy 169 Vlan Layout 170 Assigning IP Network Addresses and Subnet Masks to VLANs Defining Static Routes That opens, click on the Login to DES-3326S Manager buttonGetting Started Management 172 Configuring the SwitchUser Accounts Management 173 User Accounts Control Table 174 Admin and User Privileges 175 Configuration Mana Gement Admin UserSaving Changes 176 Save Changes Screen 177 Factory Reset 178 Setting Up Web Management 179 Ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy 180 Saving Configuration Changes 181 Starting and Stopping the Web-based Manager 182 Web-based Manager’s User Interface 183 Areas of the User Interface 184 Area Function Click the Switch Information link in the Configuration menu Setting Up The SwitchBasic Setup Switch Information 186 10. Switch Information Basic Settings 187 IP Address Configuring the Switch’s IP AddressTo set the switch’s IP address 188 11. Basic Switch Setup Up. The Bootp protocol allows IP New Switch IP Settings options areSwitch will send out a Bootp Broadcast request when it is powered 190 Manual 191 Default GatewayVlan Name Management Station IP Addresses 192 Snmp SettingsTo setup the switch for remote management 193 Configuring Community Strings 194 Setting Up Trap Receivers 195 Stacking Information 196 15. Switch Stack Display 197 17. Stacking Information 198 Show stacking mode/version 199 19. Console CLI show stack Command 200 201 Config stacking mode slaveConfig stacking mode master 202 Configure Ports 203 22. Port Configurations − Edit 204 Locking a Port’s MAC Address LearningSpeed/Duplex Toggle the Speed/Duplex Auto field 205 Serial Port Settings 206 Baud RateData Bits 207 Stop BitsAuto-Logout 208 Advanced SetupConfiguring VLANs To create a new 802.1Q Vlan 209 To create a new 802.1Q VLAN, click the New button 210 26 .1Q Static VLANs Entry Settings Edit Egress PortTagged/Untagged Untagged 212 213 Ingress Filter 214 To enable or disable GVRP, globally, on the switch 215 Layer 3 IP Networking 216 To setup IP Interfaces on the switch 217 To setup an new IP interface, click the New buttonTo edit an existing IP interface, click on the Edit button 218 Interface NameIP Address Active Yes Setup the Routing Information Protocol RIPSwitch Subnet Mask 220 32. RIP Status 221 TX Mode DisabledRX Mode 222 MD5 Key Table Configuration 223 Key IDKey 224 Setup Ospf 225 Ospf Area SettingCurrent Route ID AS Border Router State Type Default Cost Stub ImportStub Default Cost Area ID 227 Ospf Interface ConfigurationRemove 228 Router PriorityHello Interval 229 Auth TypeSimple Metric Ospf Interface Configuration − MonitorKey Configuration Auth Key 231 Virtual Interface Configuration 232 Neighbor RouterStatus 233 Area Aggregation Configuration 234 Route Redistribution Settings Metric Type Source ProtocolDestination Protocol 236 237 IP Multicasting 238 Igmp Snooping SettingsTo configure Igmp Snooping State Disabled Robustness Var Igmp Interface ConfigurationQuery Max Response 240 46. Igmp Interface Setup 241 VersionQuery Interval Robustness Dvmrp Interface ConfigurationMax Response Time 243 49. Dvmrp Interface Configuration − Edit 244 InterfaceName System Probe Interval Metric PIM-DM SettingsNeighbor Timeout Interval State Disabled 246 50. PIM-DM Interface Configuration 247 51. PIM-DM Interface Configuration − Edit 248 Static Router Port SettingsJoin/Prune Interval 249 To setup a static router port 250 53. Static Router Port Settings − Add 251 To configure a port for port mirroringPort Mirroring 252 Source PortDirection Ingress 253 To configure a forwarding priority for a given MAC addressPriority 254 56. MAC Address Priority − Add 255 MAC AddressUser Priority Source/Destinatio 256 IP Address Filtering 257 0.0 258 259 Forwarding 260 Unicast MAC Address Forwarding 261 63. Unicast MAC Address Settings − Add 262 Multicast MAC Address ForwardingUnit 263 65. Multicast MAC Address Settings 264 None 265 IP Forwarding 266 To add a new static/default route, click the New buttonGateway IP 267 Static ARPTo add a new static ARP entry, click the New button 268 STP Switch Settings 269 72. STP Switch Settings 270 271 STP Port Settings 272 73. STP Port Settings 273 CostPriority 274 275 74. Link Aggregation 276 Following fields can be set Port Member Update Firmware from ServerUtilities Tftp Utilities 278 77. Download Firmware from Server 279 Use Configuration File on Server 280 Save Settings To ServerSave History Log to Server 281 Utilities BOOTP/DHCP Relay 282 Bootp Hops Count LimitRelay Status Relay Time Threshold 283 To add a new entry, click the New button 284 To configure DNS Relay, click on the DNS Relay linkDNS Relay 285 Above To add a new entry to the table, click on the New buttonAddress The IP address of the domain name 0.0 287 Network MonitoringPort Utilization 288 87. Port Utilization window 289 Port Error StatisticsUpdate 290 88. Port Error Packet Statistics window Undersize Update IntervalCRC Error RX Frames Late Collision Drop PacketsTX Frames Excessive Deferral 293 Port Packet Analysis Frames/sec Multicast RX FramesFrames/sec Unicast RX Total/sec MAC Address TableTotal/sec TX Bytes Total/sec TX Frames 296 IP Address Table 297 298 91. IP Address Table Routing Table 300 Netmask 301 To view the switch’s ARP table, click on the ARP Table linkARP Table 302 93. ARP Table 303 Ospf Link State Database TableArea ID Displays the Ospf Area ID 304 Sequence 305 Ospf Neighbor TablePriorityrouter Ospf Virtual Neighbor Table 307 Dvmrp Neighbor Address Table Expire Gvrp StatusLearned Name 309 Router PortsIgmp Snooping Status 310 100. Igmp Snooping Table 311 IP Multicast Forwarding Table 312 Igmp Group TableProtocol Routing protocol in use 313 Dvmrp Routing TableQuerier IP 314 Switch HistoryTo view the switch history log Click the Switch History link on the Applications menu 315 104. Switch History 316 Technical Specifications 317 Physical and Environmental EMI 318 319 Understanding Troubleshooting Spanning Tree Protocol Port in the blocking state does the following Blocking State 321 Port in the listening state does the following Listening State 323 Port in the learning state does the following Learning State 325 Port in the forwarding state does the following Forwarding State 327 Disabled port does the following Disabled State 329 Spanning Tree Protocol Failure Troubleshooting STP 331 Full/Half Duplex Mismatch Unidirectional Link 333 Packet Corruption Resource Errors Know which links are redundant Know where the root is locatedIdentifying a Data Loop Avoiding Trouble Minimize the number of ports in the blocking state 337 Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol 339 Impact of Layer 3 Switching Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol 341 Brief Review Bitwise Logical Operations Not Index Spanning Tree Protocol Vlan Offices Registration Card