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D-Link DES-3326S manual Impact of Layer 3 Switching, 339

Models: DES-3326S

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DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Impact of Layer 3 Switching.

The IP routing operational mode of the DES-3326S Layer 3 switch can accomplish the following:

•Building a forwarding table, and exchanging information with its peers using routing protocols.

•Receiving packets and forwarding them to the correct interface based upon their destination address

With layer 3 switching, there is no performance penalty to introducing a routing hop and creating an additional segment of the network.

Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol

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D-Link DES-3326S manual Impact of Layer 3 Switching, 339

Contents

DES-3326S Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise Page Hardware Warranties ExclusiveSoftware Page Link Offices for Registration and Warranty Service TrademarksCopyright Statement Viii FCC WarningCE Mark Warning Vcci Warning Bsmi WarningTable of Contents Snmp Using WEB-BASED Management Xii Introduction Layer 3 SwitchingIntroduction Functions of a Layer 3 Switch Ports FeaturesPerformance Features Layer 2 FeaturesDES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Switch Features Management Traffic Classification and PrioritizationSupports Web-based management Fast Ethernet Technology Switch StackingGigabit Ethernet Technology Unpacking Unpacking and SetupDesktop or Shelf Installation InstallationInstalling rubber feet for desktop installation Rack Installation2B. Installing the switch on an equipment rack Power onPower Failure Front Panel Identifying External ComponentsRear Panel Rear panel view of the SwitchOptional Plug-in Modules Side Panels1000BASE-T Module 100BASE-FX Fiber Module 2Km/15Km62.5 ∝m 1000BASE-SX Fiber ModuleBASE-LX two-port module 1000BASE-LX Fiber ModuleStacking Module with Gbic Port Gbic Two-Port ModuleStacking Port Gbic Port11. Up to 6 Switches in a Switch Stack Stacking Module LED Indicators Switch LED Indicators13. Stacking Module LED Indicators Switch to End Node Connecting SwitchSwitch connected to an End Node Switch to Hub or SwitchSwitch Stack Connections 10BASE-T Device Switch Stack connections between optional stacking Modules100BASE-TX Device Local Console Management Switch Management Operating ConceptsDiagnostic console port RS-232 DCE Managing Switch Stacks Switch Stack Order − First Determining the Switch Stack Order2original Master 001122334450Console Boot Screen Switch IP AddressTraps Setting an IP AddressSwitch Management and Operating Concepts Snmp performs the following functions SnmpTraps AuthenticationDES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Link Change Event This trap is sent MIBsPacket Forwarding MAC Address Aging Time FilteringSome filtering is done automatically by the switch Spanning Tree Parameter Description Default ValueVariable Description Default Value Bridge Protocol Data Units Creating a Stable STP Topology Port transitions from one state to another as follows STP Port StatesSTP Port State Transitions User-Changeable STA Parameters Feature Default ValueDES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Illustration of STP Before Applying the STA Rules After Applying the STA Rules Link Aggregation Link Aggregation Group VLANs DefaultvlanIeee 802.1Q VLANs 802.1Q Vlan Packet ForwardingSome relevant terms Ieee 802.1Q Packet Forwarding 802.1Q Vlan TagsIeee 802.1Q Tag Adding an Ieee 802.1Q Tag Port Vlan IDSwitch Management and Operating Concepts Ingress Filtering Tagging and UntaggingVLANs in Layer 2 Only Mode Layer 3-Based VLANs IP Addressing and SubnettingDefinitions IP Addresses 255 Binary to Decimal Conversion Address Classes Subnet Masking Calculating the Number of Subnets and Nodes Classless InterDomain Routing Cidr Class a Subnet Masks 10. Class B Subnet Masks Setting up IP Interfaces12. Vlan Example Assigned Ports Internet Protocols OSI Seven Layer Network Model Protocol LayeringProtocol Stack Layer Layer TCP/IP DES-3326S Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide TCP Packet Headers10. TCP Packet Header Switch Management and Operating Concepts 100 Ethernet101 12. Ethernet Packet Header102 TCP and UDP Well-Known Ports103 UDP and Icmp104 13. Ethernet Packet Header105 Domain Name ResolutionDomain Name System Mapping Domain Names to Addresses106 Dhcp Servers107 IP Routing108 Packet Fragmentation and Reassembly109 ARPMulticasting Multicast Groups110 111 Address Assignment112 Internet Group Management Protocol Igmp113 Igmp Versions 1114 14. Igmp Type Codes115 Multicast Routing AlgorithmsFlooding Multicast Spanning Trees116 117 Reverse Path Broadcasting RPB118 Reverse Path Multicasting RPMMulticast Routing Protocols Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol Dvmrp119 120 Protocol-Independent Multicast Dense ModeRouting Protocols Routing Information Protocol RIP121 122 RIP Version 1 Message Format123 17. RIP v.1 Message Format124 RIP 1 Message125 RIP 1 Route InterpretationRIP Version 2 Extensions RIP2 Message Format126 Open Shortest Path First Ospf127 Link-State Algorithm128 Shortest Path AlgorithmOspf Cost Shortest Path Tree129 130 19. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree131 20. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree132 Areas and Border Routers133 Link-State Packets134 Backbone and Area Ospf AuthenticationSimple Password Authentication Message Digest Authentication MD-5136 Virtual LinksAreas Not Physically Connected to Area Partitioning the Backbone137 Neighbors138 AdjacenciesDesignated Router Election Building Adjacency139 Adjacencies on Point-to-Point Interfaces Ospf Packet Formats140 Ospf Packet Header Field Description141 142 143 Hello Packet144 Hello Packet145 BDR146 Database Description Packet147 18. Database Description Packet148 Link-State Request Packet149 Link-State Update Packet150 Link-State Acknowledgment Packet151 Link-State Advertisement Formats152 Link State Advertisement Header153 Link-State Advertisement Header154 155 Router Links Advertisements156 Routers Links Advertisements157 FieldDescription158 159 160 Network Links Advertisements161 Network Link Advertisements162 Summary Link Advertisements163 31. Summary Link Advertisement164 Autonomous Systems External Link Advertisements165 AS External Link Advertisements166 167 IntroductionBefore You Start General Deployment Strategy168 169 Vlan Layout170 Assigning IP Network Addresses and Subnet Masks to VLANsDefining Static Routes That opens, click on the Login to DES-3326S Manager buttonGetting Started ManagementConfiguring the Switch User Accounts Management172 173 User Accounts Control Table174 Admin and User PrivilegesConfiguration Mana Gement Admin User Saving Changes175 176 Save Changes Screen177 Factory Reset178 Setting Up Web Management179 Ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy180 Saving Configuration Changes181 Starting and Stopping the Web-based Manager182 Web-based Manager’s User Interface183 Areas of the User Interface184 Area FunctionClick the Switch Information link in the Configuration menu Setting Up The SwitchBasic Setup Switch Information186 10. Switch Information Basic SettingsIP Address Configuring the Switch’s IP Address To set the switch’s IP address187 188 11. Basic Switch SetupUp. The Bootp protocol allows IP New Switch IP Settings options areSwitch will send out a Bootp Broadcast request when it is powered190 Manual191 Default GatewayVlan Name Management Station IP AddressesSnmp Settings To setup the switch for remote management192 193 Configuring Community Strings194 Setting Up Trap Receivers195 Stacking Information196 15. Switch Stack Display197 17. Stacking Information198 Show stacking mode/version199 19. Console CLI show stack Command200 Config stacking mode slave Config stacking mode master201 202 Configure Ports203 22. Port Configurations − EditLocking a Port’s MAC Address Learning Speed/Duplex Toggle the Speed/Duplex Auto field204 205 Serial Port SettingsBaud Rate Data Bits206 Stop Bits Auto-Logout207 208 Advanced SetupConfiguring VLANs To create a new 802.1Q Vlan209 To create a new 802.1Q VLAN, click the New button210 26 .1Q Static VLANs Entry Settings EditEgress PortTagged/Untagged Untagged212 213 Ingress Filter214 To enable or disable GVRP, globally, on the switch215 Layer 3 IP Networking216 To setup IP Interfaces on the switchTo setup an new IP interface, click the New button To edit an existing IP interface, click on the Edit button217 Interface Name IP Address218 Active Yes Setup the Routing Information Protocol RIPSwitch Subnet Mask220 32. RIP StatusTX Mode Disabled RX Mode221 222 MD5 Key Table ConfigurationKey ID Key223 224 Setup Ospf225 Ospf Area SettingCurrent Route ID AS Border Router StateType Default Cost Stub ImportStub Default Cost Area IDOspf Interface Configuration Remove227 Router Priority Hello Interval228 Auth Type Simple229 Metric Ospf Interface Configuration − MonitorKey Configuration Auth Key231 Virtual Interface ConfigurationNeighbor Router Status232 233 Area Aggregation Configuration234 Route Redistribution SettingsMetric Type Source ProtocolDestination Protocol236 237 IP Multicasting238 Igmp Snooping SettingsTo configure Igmp Snooping State DisabledRobustness Var Igmp Interface ConfigurationQuery Max Response240 46. Igmp Interface SetupVersion Query Interval241 Robustness Dvmrp Interface ConfigurationMax Response Time243 49. Dvmrp Interface Configuration − Edit244 InterfaceName System Probe IntervalMetric PIM-DM SettingsNeighbor Timeout Interval State Disabled246 50. PIM-DM Interface Configuration247 51. PIM-DM Interface Configuration − Edit248 Static Router Port SettingsJoin/Prune Interval249 To setup a static router port250 53. Static Router Port Settings − AddTo configure a port for port mirroring Port Mirroring251 Source Port Direction Ingress252 To configure a forwarding priority for a given MAC address Priority253 254 56. MAC Address Priority − Add255 MAC AddressUser Priority Source/Destinatio256 IP Address Filtering257 0.0258 259 Forwarding260 Unicast MAC Address Forwarding261 63. Unicast MAC Address Settings − AddMulticast MAC Address Forwarding Unit262 263 65. Multicast MAC Address Settings264 None265 IP ForwardingTo add a new static/default route, click the New button Gateway IP266 Static ARP To add a new static ARP entry, click the New button267 268 STP Switch Settings269 72. STP Switch Settings270 271 STP Port Settings272 73. STP Port SettingsCost Priority273 274 275 74. Link Aggregation276 Following fields can be setPort Member Update Firmware from ServerUtilities Tftp Utilities278 77. Download Firmware from Server279 Use Configuration File on ServerSave Settings To Server Save History Log to Server280 281 Utilities BOOTP/DHCP Relay282 Bootp Hops Count LimitRelay Status Relay Time Threshold283 To add a new entry, click the New buttonTo configure DNS Relay, click on the DNS Relay link DNS Relay284 285 Above To add a new entry to the table, click on the New buttonAddress The IP address of the domain name 0.0Network Monitoring Port Utilization287 288 87. Port Utilization windowPort Error Statistics Update289 290 88. Port Error Packet Statistics windowUndersize Update IntervalCRC Error RX FramesLate Collision Drop PacketsTX Frames Excessive Deferral293 Port Packet AnalysisFrames/sec Multicast RX FramesFrames/sec Unicast RXTotal/sec MAC Address TableTotal/sec TX Bytes Total/sec TX Frames296 IP Address Table297 298 91. IP Address TableRouting Table 300 NetmaskTo view the switch’s ARP table, click on the ARP Table link ARP Table301 302 93. ARP TableOspf Link State Database Table Area ID Displays the Ospf Area ID303 304 SequenceOspf Neighbor Table Priorityrouter305 Ospf Virtual Neighbor Table 307 Dvmrp Neighbor Address TableExpire Gvrp StatusLearned NameRouter Ports Igmp Snooping Status309 310 100. Igmp Snooping Table311 IP Multicast Forwarding TableIgmp Group Table Protocol Routing protocol in use312 Dvmrp Routing Table Querier IP313 314 Switch HistoryTo view the switch history log Click the Switch History link on the Applications menu315 104. Switch History316 Technical Specifications317 Physical and EnvironmentalEMI 318319 Understanding Troubleshooting Spanning Tree ProtocolPort in the blocking state does the following Blocking State321 Port in the listening state does the following Listening State323 Port in the learning state does the following Learning State325 Port in the forwarding state does the following Forwarding State327 Disabled port does the following Disabled State329 Spanning Tree Protocol Failure Troubleshooting STP331 Full/Half Duplex MismatchUnidirectional Link 333 Packet Corruption Resource ErrorsKnow which links are redundant Know where the root is locatedIdentifying a Data Loop Avoiding TroubleMinimize the number of ports in the blocking state 337 Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol 339 Impact of Layer 3 SwitchingUnderstanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol 341 Brief Review Bitwise Logical Operations Not Index Spanning Tree Protocol Vlan Offices Registration Card