Hitachi L200 Introduction, Dynamic Braking Usage

5–5

L200 Inverter

Dynamic Braking

Introduction

The purpose of dynamic braking is to improve the ability of the inverter to stop (deceler- ate) the motor and load. This becomes necessary when an application has some or all of the following characteristics:

•High load inertia compared to the available motor torque

•The application requires frequent or sudden changes in speed

•System losses are not great enough to slow the motor as needed

When the inverter reduces its output frequency to decelerate the load, the motor can temporarily become a generator. This occurs when the motor rotation frequency is higher than the inverter output frequency. This condition can cause the inverter DC bus voltage to rise, resulting in an over-voltage trip. In many applications, the over-voltage condition serves as a warning signal that we have exceeded the deceleration capabilities of the system. The L200 inverter can connect to an external braking unit, which sends the regenerative energy from the motor during deceleration to the optional braking resis- tor(s). The dynamic braking resistor serves as a load, developing heat to stop the motor just as brakes on an automobile develop heat during braking.

A switching circuit and power resistor are the main components of the dynamic braking unit that includes a fuse and thermally activated alarm relay for safety. However, be careful to avoid overheating its resistor. The fuse and thermal relay are safeguards for extreme conditions, but the inverter can maintain braking usage in a safe zone.

Dynamic Braking Usage

Dynamic braking usage must follow guidelines to avoid overheating. The timing diagram to the right shows the output frequency versus time. Dynamic braking is in effect during the deceleration ramp, and has the following constraints:

•Dynamic braking maximum duty cycle = 10%, where Tb/Tc ≤ 0.1 sec.

Dynamic braking maximum continuous ON time Tb ≤ 10 sec.

Output

freq.

Dynamic braking

Tb						t
Tb						t

Tc

	Accessories	Control Motor

Contents

400V Class Page Safety Messages Page Page Cautions and Warnings for Orientation and Mounting Procedures Wiring - Warnings for Electrical Practices and Wire Specifications Wiring - Cautions for Electrical Practices Powerup Test Caution Messages Warnings for Configuring Drive Parameters Cautions for Configuring Drive Parameters Warnings for Operations and Monitoring Cautions for Operations and Monitoring Warnings and Cautions for Troubleshooting and Maintenance CAUTION: MOTOR TERMINAL SURGE VOLTAGE SUPPRESSION FILTER (For the 400 V CLASS) CAUTION: EFFECTS OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ON INVERTER CAUTION: SUPPRESSION FOR NOISE INTERFERENCE FROM INVERTER Wiring Warnings for Electrical Practices and Wire Sizes Terminal Tightening Torque and Wire Size Wire Connectors Circuit Breaker and Fuse Sizes Motor Overload Protection Table of Contents Page Revision History Table No Revision Comments Date of Issue Operation 1.Model 2.Date of purchase 3.Manufacturing number (MFG No.) 4.Symptoms of any inverter problem Getting Started Getting Started Main Features Operator Interface Options Started Getting Inverter Specifications Label Specifications label Inverter model number Motor capacity for this model Power Input Rating: Model-specifictables for 200V and 400V class inverters “General Specifications” on page 1–10 Item 200V Class Specifications Note 1: Note 3: Note 4: Note 5: Note 6: L200 Inverter Specifications, continued 015NFU 022NFU 037LFU 055LFU 400V Class Specifications 1/2 400V Class Specifications, continued General Specifications The following table applies to all L200 inverters General Specifications Signal Ratings Detailed ratings are in “Control Logic Signal Specifications” on page 4–6 Signal / Contact Ratings The Purpose of Motor Speed Control for Industry What is an Inverter Output frequency Constant torque Torque and Constant Volts/Hertz Operation Output voltage 100% Inverter Output to the Motor Intelligent Functions and Parameters Braking Velocity Profiles Page Motor type Motor size Page Page Inverter Mounting and Installation Orientation to Inverter Features Inverter Mounting and Installation Unpacking and Inspection 1.Look for any damage that may have occurred during shipping Front Housing Cover Housing Cover Removal Installation and Mounting Inverter Logic Connector Introduction DIP Switch Introduction Page From power supply Breaker MCCB or GFI L1 L2 L3 Page Choosing a Mounting Location Step 1: Ensure Adequate Ventilation Step 2: Keep Debris Out of Inverter Vents Step 3: Check Inverter Dimensions Step 4: 5(0.20) 6(0.24) 110(4.33) InverterMounting and Installation Page Page Prepare for Wiring Step 5: Determining Wire and Fuse Sizes Terminal Dimensions and Torque Specs Wire the Inverter Input to a Supply Step 6: [R/L1], [S/L2], and [T/L3]. So single-phase Inverter models L200–002NFEF/NFU, –004NFEF/NFU, –005NFEF +1 + – L1 L2 N/L3U/T1 V/T2 W/T3 Inverter models L200–007NFEFto –022NFEF, –037LFU, –004HFEF/HFUto –040HFEF/HFU Inverter models L200–055LFU, –075LFU, –055HFEF/HFU, –075HFEF/HFU Page Wire the Inverter Output to Motor Step 7: Logic Control Wiring Uncover the Inverter Vents Step 8: Step 9: Goals for the Powerup Test Pre-testand Operational Precautions Powering the Inverter Key and Indicator Legend Display Units, Hertz/Amperes Function Key Up/Down Keys Keys, Modes, and Parameters A 0 0 Keypad Navigational Map Monitor Mode Program Mode Selecting Functions and Editing Parameters TM/PRG DIP Switch Setting Prepare to Edit Parameters d 0 0 A – – – If the Potentiometer Enable LED is OFF, follow the steps below A – – – A 0 0 key again Select the Keypad for the RUN Command Set the Motor Base Frequency Set the AVR Voltage Setting key and hold until A 0 8 Set the Motor Current b – – – b 0 0 Set the Number of Motor Poles b – – – H – – – H 0 0 Monitoring Parameters with the Display Output frequency (speed) monitor d 0 0 Running the Motor Powerup Test Observations and Summary Step 10: 10 running the motor Error Codes EXX Configuring3 Drive Parameters Configuring Drive Parameters Introduction to Inverter Programming Parameters Drive Page Operational Modes Run Mode Edits Control Algorithms “D” Group: Monitoring Functions “D” Function Trip Event and History Monitoring using the keypad. See for more details Local Monitoring During Network Operation The basic frequency (speed) profile is defined by parameters contained in the “F” Group as shown to the right. The set running frequency is in Hz, but accelera tion and deceleration are specified in the “A” Group: Standard Functions Control Source Settings “A” Function Frequency Source Setting Frequency Source Run Command Source Setting A001/A002 Override Sources Page Basic Parameter Settings Analog Input Settings Multi-speedand Jog Frequency Setting multi-speed profile Page Torque Control Algorithms Manual Torque Boost – The Constant Voltage Gain – The following table shows the methods of torque control selection Page DC Braking Settings Frequency-relatedFunctions Jump Frequencies – PID Control •Proportional, integral, and derivative gains are all adjustable •See “PID Loop Operation” on page 4–54for more information Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) Function Second Acceleration and Deceleration Functions Page Accel/Decel Additional Analog Input Settings Input Range Settings – “Analog Input Settings” on page Analog Input Calculate Function – ADD Frequency – Automatic Restart Mode “B” Group: Fine Tuning Functions “B” Function Electronic Thermal Overload Alarm Setting Page Overload Restriction Configuring Parameters Drive See “Software Lock” on page 4–22 Miscellaneous Settings B032: Reactive current setting – B080: [AM] analog signal gain – B082: Start frequency adjustment – B084, B085: Initialization codes – B086: Frequency display scaling – Page Page “Local Monitoring During Network Operation” on page 3–8 for more details Input Terminal Configuration Functions and Options Intelligent Input Terminal Overview Input Function Summary Table – “Using Intelligent Input Terminals” on page Input Function Summary Table Function Name Page Page Output Terminal Configuration Output Function Summary Table – “Using Intelligent Output Terminals” on page Output Function Summary Table Analog Function Summary Table – Output Function Adjustment Parameters Page Network Communication Settings “ModBus Network Communications” on page B–1 Analog Signal Calibration Settings Miscellaneous Functions Output Logic and Timing Logic Output Function – Output Signal ON/OFF Delay Function “H” Group: Motor Constants Functions “H” Function Operations and Monitoring Operations and Monitoring Caution Messages for Operating Procedures Warning Messages for Operating Procedures Operations Monitoring and Connecting to PLCs and Other Devices programmable logic controller After making the schematic, then: Example Wiring Diagram Control Logic Signal Specifications Relay contacts AL2 AL1 AL0 Logic inputs AMH O OI L L 5 4 3 2 1 PCS CM2 12 Intelligent Inputs Intelligent INPUTS 4–26 4–29 4–32 Intelligent Terminal Listing Intelligent Outputs Intelligent OUTPUTS 4–44 4–45 Page Sinking Inputs, Internal Supply Sourcing Inputs, Internal Supply Sinking Inputs, External Supply Sourcing Inputs, External Supply SR/SK switch = SR position Forward Run/Stop and Reverse Run/Stop Commands: Valid for inputs: Required settings: Notes: Multi-SpeedSelect Note: Notes: Jogging Command •00 Free-runstop (coasting) •01 Deceleration (normal level) and stop •02 Use DC braking and stop value is 0 Hz External Signal for DC Braking Scenario •A053 – DC braking delay time setting. The range is 0.1 to 5.0 seconds •A054 – DC braking force setting. The range is 0 to 100% Scenario 1 – The [FW] or [RV] terminal is Set Second Motor Two-stageAcceleration and Deceleration 5 4 3 2 1 PCS Free-runStop Resume from motor speed wait time FRS B003, B088, C011 to C015 External Trip Unattended Start Protection Software Lock Analog Input Current/Voltage Select Reset Inverter The [RS] terminal causes the inverter to in Trip Mode, the reset cancels the Trip state When the signal [RS] is turned ON and OFF the inverter executes the reset operation. The Thermistor Thermal Protection MOTOR Three-wireInterface Operation Page PID ON/OFF and PID Clear Remote Control Up and Down Functions Operations and Monitoring Force Operation from Digital Operator •A001 - Frequency source setting •A002 - Run command source setting Force Operation Forces the operator interface to override: ADD Frequency Enable Force Terminal Mode •A001 - Frequency source setting (01 = control terminals [FW] and [RV] •A002 - Run command source setting (01 = control terminals [O] or [OI] Forces A001=01 (frequency source setting control terminal), and Using Intelligent Output Terminals Sinking Outputs Open Collector Open Collector with External Relays Internal Relay Output AL0 AL1 AL2 de-energized energized Output Signal ON/OFF Delay Function Original signal ...with ON delay ...with OFF delay ...with ON/OFF delays Run Signal Frequency Arrival Signals Frequency Arrival frequency arrives Page Overload Advance Notice Signal Output Deviation for PID Control Alarm Signal The inverter alarm signal is active when a fault has occurred and it is in the Trip Mode (refer to the diagram at right). When the fault is cleared the alarm signal becomes inactive Trip/Power Loss Alarm – Trip Alarm – Analog Input Disconnect Detect Voltage signal loss at [O] terminal Current signal loss at [OI] terminal PID Second Stage Output Page Page Network Detection Signal Logic Output Function and C141, C142, C143 + RY AMH O OI L Voltage Input Current Input Other Analog Input-relatedtopics: Page Page PID Loop Configuration PID Output Limit Error Inversion Other PID-relatedtopics: Simultaneous Connections Inverter Configuration for Two Motor Types Parameter Codes 1st motor 2nd motor Page Inverter System Accessories Motor Control Accessories AC Reactors, Input Side •If the unbalanced factor of the power supply is 3% or higher •If abrupt power supply changes are expected Examples of these situations include: 1.Several inverters are connected in parallel, sharing the same power bus Zero-phaseReactor (RF Noise Filter) EMI Filter RF Noise Filter (Capacitive) DC Link Choke Dynamic Braking Usage Page Troubleshooting 6 and Maintenance Troubleshooting and Maintenance Safety Messages General Precautions and Notes Inspection Items Troubleshooting Tips The table below lists typical symptoms and the corresponding solution(s) Symptom/condition Probable Cause Solution Page Fault Detection and Clearing The microprocessor in the inverter detects a variety of fault conditions and captures the event, record ing it in a history table. The inverter output turns Stop Monitoring Trip Events, History, & Conditions Trip History and Inverter Status Monitor Menu Trip 2Conditions Restoring Factory Default Settings and Monthly and Yearly Inspection Chart Item Inspected Check for Inspection Criteria Megger Test Spare parts Capacitor Life Curve General Inverter Electrical Measurements Circuit location Measuring Reference Value of measurement Single-phaseMeasurement Diagram Inverter Output Voltage Measurement Techniques IGBT Test Method Table Legend – Warranty Terms Glossary and Bibliography Appendix A A Appendix Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) – A semiconductor Page Page Page Page ModBus Network Communications Specifications User-selectable B Appendix Appendix B Required must Required Settings Transmission procedure Message Configuration: Query Slave address: Data: Function code: Error check: Header and trailer (silent interval): Message Configuration: Response Transmission time required: Normal response: Response when an error occurs: No response occurs: In the cases below, the inverter ignores a query and returns no response •When receiving a broadcasting query •When detecting a transmission error in reception of a query •When the data length of the query is invalid Explanation of function codes Read Coil Status [01h]: Read Holding Register [03h]: The data set in the response is as follows: Response Buffer Write in Coil [05h]: This function writes data in a single coil. Coil status changes are as follows: Coil Status When writing in a selected coil fails, see the exception response Write in Holding Register [06h]: This function writes data in a specified holding register. An example follows: Write “50Hz” as the first Loopback Test [08h]: Write in Coils [0Fh]: This function writes data in consecutive coils. An example follows: Writing in Holding Registers [10h]: This function writes data in consecutive holding registers. An example follows: Start address (high Start address (low Exception Response: Function Code Exception Code Store New Register Data (ENTER command) Submitting an ENTER Command: ModBus Coil List Coil Number •Name - The functional name of the coil •Description - The meaning of each of the states of the coils List of Coil Numbers ModBus Data Listing Coil ModBus Holding Registers Function Code Reg Range Page Note 1: Assume that the inverter current rating is 1000 (for D002) Page Holding Registers for “A” Group Standard Functions Page Page Page Page Page Page “B” Group Fine Tuning Functions Page Page Page Functions.I See “Input Terminal Config See “Output Terminal Configuration” on page 3– “Network Communication Settings” on page 3–51 See “Output Logic and Timing” on page 3–54 “C” Group Intelligent Terminal Functions Note 1: Assume that the inverter current rating is 10000 (for C041) “H” Group Motor Constants Page Drive Parameter Settings Tables Inverter model L200 MFG. No Appendix C Main Profile Parameters “F” Group Parameters Standard Functions “A” Group Parameters Page Page Page Fine Tuning Functions “B” Group Parameters Page Intelligent Terminal Functions “C” Group Parameters Page Motor Constants Functions “H” Group Parameters C Appendix Page CE–EMC Installation Guidelines Appendix D D Appendix L200 inverter with footprint-typefilter Page Page Index