Preface, How to Use This Manual, Font Conventions | HP IA-64

Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Preface

This document is the Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual. The goal of this document is to provide a description of the features, commands, and simulation environment provided by the Ski IA-64 simulator. The version of the simulator described here is Version 0.873l.

How to Use This Manual

The ﬁrst chapter of this manual is a quick-start tutorial. Using only the ﬁrst chapter, you can learn enough about Ski to do useful work. If you are using Ski to simulate an IA-64 application program and are familiar with debuggers such as HP’s xdb, the ﬁrst chapter and Appendix A, “Command Reference” may be all you need to read.

The remaining chapters provide information about Ski in depth. Use these chapters to learn about commands not covered in the tutorial and to learn more about how Ski operates.

Use Appendix A, “Command Reference” and the on-line help command to ﬁnd a list of all Ski commands and a brief description of each command.

Use Appendix D, “Simulator Status and Error Messages” to understand the causes and possible solutions for each of Ski’s error messages.

Font Conventions

In this manual, fonts are used as described below. Depending on how you are viewing this document (paper, a web page, a PDF ﬁle, etc.), some distinctions may not be visible.

italic

is used for optional text including operand ﬁelds such as count, and for the names of bitﬁelds such as psr.be.

light italic

is used for graphical button names such as Run.

fixed-width bold

is used for literal text including commands such as dbndl, and for examples such as bski -icnt foo <bar >baz.

SMALL UPPERCASE

is used for processor instructions such as BREAK.

fixed-width regular

is used for directories and ﬁlenames such as hello, and for web URL’s such as http://www.hp.com.

Syntax Conventions

In this manual, symbols are used as described below.

[italic]

Square brackets surrounding optional argument(s) indicate that the argument(s) can be omitted, as in the Appendix A, “Command Reference” description of the dj command: dj [address].

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

Preface

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HP IA-64, Ski Simulator manual Preface, How to Use This Manual, Font Conventions, Syntax Conventions, Italic

Contents

Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Trademarks Printing History Syntax Conventions How to Use This ManualPreface Font Conventions Italic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables Starting xski How to Run an IA-64 Application ProgramGetting Started a Ski Tutorial Ski Simulator Starting xski From the Command Line Loading Your Program Exiting Ski Loading the hello Program Xski Data Window Inspecting Data Changing the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Looking at Code Viewing Data in Ascii 12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of main Viewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code 14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at main Controlling Breakpoints 15. The Breakpoint List Window Running a Program 16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is Run Single-stepping a Program 18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10 Changing Registers and Memory Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Next Steps Getting Help Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Defects and Defect Reporting OverviewIntroduction What You Need to Know to Use This Manual Ski Variations Using bski for Batch Simulations X Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Starting Ski Command Line Flags 1.1 Summary of Flags XSki File Summary of the Quit Command Quitting SkiQuit expression Screen Presentation Ski’s Use of WindowsRegister Window Register Window in xski User Registers Pane Floating Point Registers Pane General Registers Pane IA-32 Registers Pane System Registers Pane Register Window and ski Resizing Register Window Panes with xski 1 IA-64 Instruction Display Program Window Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Invalid Code and the Program Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window 12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal Instructions Data Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Command/Main Window Invalid Code and the Data WindowXski Main Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window Ski Command Window Other Windows 17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom 18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Sequences, Repetition, and Abbreviation Command LanguageCommand Entry Command Arguments Expressions Argument SpeciﬁcationNumeric Arguments Numbers and Counts Xski Evaluating Expressions Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic Operators Symbolic Arguments Program-Deﬁned SymbolsAddresses Filenames Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and NumbersInternal Variables Labels Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xski Register Window Commands Screen Manipulation CommandsRegister Window Commands Summary of Register Window Commands Summary of Program Window Commands Program Window Commands Xski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Pd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski’s Assembly Language Dump Window Df count Data Window CommandsSummary of Data Window Commands Dj address Dd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and Ascii Ski Support for System-Mode Programs Program SimulationApplication-Mode and System-Mode Simulation Ski Support for Application-Mode Programs System-Mode TLB Simulation Summary of TLB Display CommandsSystem-Mode IA-64 Programs System-Mode IA-32 Programs Misaligned Data Access Trap How to Load a ProgramProgram Loading Creating the argc, argv, and envp Parameters Summary of Program Loading CommandsLoad ﬁlename args+ Adding Information after Loading Program Execution Summary of Program Execution Commands Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation InterruptionsLinux Application Environment Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by Ski Linux System Calls Supported by Ski MS-DOS Application Environment Program I/OMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Debugging Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment CommandsSummary of Assignment Commands Examples of Assignment Commands Original Program Loaded in ski Allocation Bit-encoded Registers Program Breakpoints Summary of The eval CommandSetting Program Breakpoints Evaluating Formulas and Formatting Data Listing Program Breakpoints Deleting Program Breakpoints Summary of Program Breakpoint Commands Unexpected BreakpointsBs address Deleting Data Breakpoints Setting Data BreakpointsSummary of Data Breakpoint Commands Data Breakpoints Dumping Registers and Memory to a File Symbol Table CommandsSummary of Save and Restore Commands Summary of Symbol Commands Isyms ﬁlename Symlist Output from xski Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Initialization File Command FilesLabels and Control Flow in Command Files Goto Command and Labels Comments in Command Files An Example Command FileIf Command Label Summary of Command File Commandsﬁlename # comment Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files =s address stringwithoutspaces Command Reference Dbd breakpointnumber Dbs address length rwrw Eval expressionwithoutspaces+ Help commandname Rest ﬁlename Quit returnvalueforshell Step until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L IA-64 Registers Register Names Register Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variables Internal Variable Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co All breakpoints deleted Simulator Status and Error Messages Simulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 ﬁle Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options ﬁle args