XView Toolkit, Overview | HP SunSoft Pascal 4.0 manual

The XView Toolkit	10

This chapter introduces the XView programmer’s toolkit, a part of the XView application programmer’s interface (API). It assumes you are familiar with XView windows as a user, and introduces XView from a programmer’s point of view. For details, see the XView Programming Manual by Dan Heller, O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1990.

The sections in this chapter are:

Overview	page 221

Pascal Interface	page 223

Conversion of C to Pascal	page 227

Sample Program	page 230

Note – Support for the XView toolkit will not be provided in future releases of

Pascal.

Overview

The XView API is an object-oriented, server-based, user-interface toolkit for the X Window System Version 11 (X11). It is designed and documented to help programmers manipulate XView windows and other XView objects. This chapter focuses on using it with Pascal.

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HP SunSoft Pascal 4.0 manual XView Toolkit, Overview

Contents

Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Trademarks Contents Pascal Compiler Contents Pic, -Kpicand -PIC, -KPIC Contents Vii Viii Program Construction and Management Separate Compilation C++-Pascal Interface Error Diagnostics Xii XView Toolkit Math Libraries Contents Xiii Xiv Figures Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Fortran Tables Xviii Operating Environment InstallationPreface Organization Audience AaBbCc123 Conventions Used in This Guide Manual Shell Prompts in Command ExamplesRelated Documentation Other Related Documentation Readme FilesDocuments in Hard Copy and in AnswerBook Hostname% imagetool floating-point.ps CD-ROM Standards Introduction Compatibility FeaturesPascal Compiler Debuggers Text EditorsXView Toolkit Native Language Support Internationalization Locale Licensing Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Simple Pascal Program Pascal Programs Compiling the Program Renaming the Executable File Running the ProgramHostname% mv a.out temp Hostname% pc -o temp temp.p An Interactive Pascal Program Hostname% pc -o copy copy.p Redirecting I/OHello, are you listening? Goodbye, I must go now Using a File Name as a File Variable Hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p Where Did My Program Fail?Using Pascal Traceback Compiling and Running the Program Using a Sample Program with Segmentation Violation Hostname% more a.out.trace Using the -gOption Try compiling SegViol.p with -g Pc Version Number Pascal Compiler Hostname% mcs -p a.out grep Pascal Compile and Link Sequence Source Language PreprocessorCompiler Preprocessor cpp or cppas Optimizer Sufﬁx Description File Name Extensions Accepted By pc Option-Passing in the Program Text Option-Passing on the Command-LineHostname% pc -l rmc.p Hostname% pc -o rmc rmc.p Option Description Hostname% pc options.p Options Bbinding Bsdmalloc Cg89 CalignCg92 Cond Dname=def Config Fast DalignDryrun Fround=r FnonstdFns Ftrap=t Hname Ipathname Help or -flagsIname Keeptmp Hostname% pc -l random.p Ldirectory Libmil LibmieeeLlib Misalign Nocx NativeNolib Nolibmil Olevel Notrace Hostname% limit datasize 16M Hostname% /usr/sbin/swap -s OﬁlenameHostname% /usr/sbin/prtconf grep Memory Hostname% pc -o myprog myprog.p Using the -pgOption Using the -pOption-pg Pic,-Kpic and -PIC,-KPIC Qproduce QoptionQpathpathname Rpathdir Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Examples Hostname% pc -Rw recvar.p Hostname% pc -Rw rr.p Hostname% pc -Rw with.p Commands to compile and execute with.pPascal main program, with.p with statement Hostname% pc -S rmc.p SlevelSbfast Hostname% pc -temp=. hello.p Temp=dir Hostname% pc -time hello.p Time Xarch=a Uname Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Value Meaning Limit the instruction set to V8 architecture S1/l1/a1 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2s3/l3/a3 Xcache=c Example -xcache=16/32/41024/32/1speciﬁes the following Xchip=c Xcg92 Xcg89 Xildon XildoffXlibmieee Xlibmil Xlicinfo XlibmoptXMerge Xnolib Xprofile=p Xpg -xprofileValues Example -xregs=appl,no%float Xregs=r Xsbfast Xsafe=memXsb Xtarget=t Xspace XtargetExpansions Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Pascal Compiler Ztext Units Program Construction Management Using Program Units and Module Units Program Construction and Management Compiling with UnitsHostname% pc programunit.p moduleunit.p Using Units and Header Files Sharing Variables Between Units Here is a program unit that declares a variable Program Construction and Management Libraries Working with Units Separate Compilation Sharing Variables and Routines Across Multiple Units Using Program UnitsUsing Module Units Sharing Public Variables Compiling without the -xlOptionProgram unit Separate Compilation Using include Files to Share Variables and Routines Using extern Option to Share Routines Program unit, incprog.p, which includes the ﬁle Commands to compile and execute incprog.p and incmod.pModule unit, incmod.p, which also includes the ﬁle Hostname% pc incprog.p incmod.p Using public var Declarations Using the -xlOption Commands to compile and execute pubvarprog.p and pubvarmod.p Using the define Variable Attribute Commands to compile and execute defvarprog.p and defvarmod.p Using the define Declaration Module unit Using include Files Program unit, incprog2.p Module unit, incmod2.p Program unit, extprog.p Using externCommands to compile and execute incprog2.p and incmod2.p Module unit, extmod.p Commands to compile and execute extprog.p and extmod.pSharing Declarations in Multiple Units Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Compilation of Mixed-Language Programs C-Pascal Interface Hostname% cc -c myc.c Hostname% pc -calign myc.o mypascal.p Compatibility of Types for C and Pascal C-Pascal Interface Precautions with Compatible TypesCharacter Strings Array Indexes IncompatibilitiesAggregate Types Enumerated Types Pascal Set Types Procedure Calls C-PascalGeneral Parameter Passing in C and Pascal Variable Parameters Commands to compile and execute Samp.p Simple Types without -xl Pascal procedure, SimVar.p Pascal procedure Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p and SimVarMain.cSimple Types with -xl Strings of Characters C main program Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarMain.cFixed Arrays Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p and FixVecMain.c Pascal procedure, FixVec.p Day = 100 Univ Arrays C-Pascal Interface 101 Conformant Arrays 102 Example 1 Single-Dimension Array C-Pascal Interface 103 Example 2 Multi-Dimension Array 104 Example 3 Array of Characters C-Pascal Interface 105 Records and Structures 106 Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p and StruChrMain.c C-Pascal Interface 107 Pascal routine 108 Variant Records C-Pascal Interface 109 Commands to compile and execute VarRec.p and VarRecMain.c 110 Pascal Set Type C-Pascal Interface 111 Pascal intset Type 112 Value Parameters C-Pascal Interface 113 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValMain.c 114 Arrays Simple Types Function Return ValuesPascal function C-Pascal Interface 115 Pascal procedure, IO.p C main program, IOMain.c Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p and RetRealMain.cInput and Output 116 Hostname% cc IO.o IOMain.c -lpc Procedure Calls Pascal-CC function, SimRef.c C-Pascal Interface 117 118 C-Pascal Interface 119 C function, StrVar.cPascal main program, StrVarMain.p 120 Commands to compile and execute StrVar.cIncorrect use of string in static variable storage C function, FixVec.c Commands to compile and execute FixVec.cPascal main program C-Pascal Interface 121 122 C function, UniVec.c C-Pascal Interface 123 C function, IntCA.c 124 Commands to compile and execute IntCA.c and IntCAMain.pC function, StruChr.c StruChr.c Commands to compile and execute StruChr.c and StruChrMain.pCalign StruChr.o StruChrMain.p Out 126 C function, VarRec.c C-Pascal Interface 127 Non-Pascal ProceduresCommands to compile and execute VarRec.c 128 C-Pascal Interface 129 C function, SimVal.c 130 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.c Commands to compile and execute RetReal.c and RetRealMain.p Parameters That Are Pointers to ProceduresC function, RetReal.c C function, ProcPar.c 132 Procedures and Functions as Parameters C-Pascal Interface 133 Pascal procedure, GloVar.pGlobal Variables in C and Pascal 134 C procedure, UseFilePtr.cFile-Passing Between Pascal and C C-Pascal Interface 135 136 Sample Interface C++-Pascal Interface Pascal procedure, Samp, in the ﬁle, Samp.p Procedure Calls C++-PascalCompatibility of Types for C++ and Pascal ++ Name Encoding C++ main program, SampMain.cc Arguments Passed by ReferenceHostname% pc -c Samp.p C++-Pascal Interface 139 140 Pascal procedure, SampRef, in the ﬁle, Samp.pSimple Types without the -xlOption Simple Types with the -xlOption Commands to compile and execute SamRef.p and SamRefMain.ccC++ main program Hostname% pc -c SamRef.p 142 C++-Pascal Interface 143 Commands to compile and execute StrRef.p and StrRefMain.ccHostname% pc -c StrRef.p 144 Hostname% pc -c FixVec.p C++-Pascal Interface 145 146 -calignoptionHostname% pc -c DaysOfWeek.p C++-Pascal Interface 147 Commands to compile and execute StruChr.pHostname% pc -c StruChr.p 148 C++-Pascal Interface 149 Hostname% pc -c DayWeather.p Arguments Passed by ValueHostname% pc -calign -c DayWeather.p 150 C++-Pascal Interface 151 152 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p C++-Pascal Interface 153 Commands to compile and execute RetReal.pHostname% pc -c RetReal.p Hostname% pc -c RetShortReal.p Input and OutputPascal function, IO.p 154 C++ main program, IOMain.cc Procedure Calls Pascal-C++Hostname% CC IO.o IOMain.cc -lpc hostname% a.out C++-Pascal Interface 155 156 Simple Types Passed by ReferenceC++ function, SimRef.cc C++-Pascal Interface 157 158 C++ function, SimVal.cc C++-Pascal Interface 159 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.cc 160 C++ function, RetReal.cc Commands to compile and execute GloVar.p and GloVarMain.cc Pascal procedure, GloVar.p C++ main program, GloVarMain.ccGlobal Variables in C++ and Pascal C++-Pascal Interface 161 162 C++ procedurePascal File Pointers to C++ Compiler Mixed-Language Programs FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 164 Compatibility of Types for Fortran and Pascal FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 165 Real Integer Integer*2 166 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 167 Multidimensional ArraysGeneral Parameter-Passing in Fortran and Pascal 168 Procedure Calls FORTRAN-Pascal FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 169 Commands to compile and execute SimVar.pFortran main program 170 Pascal procedure, StrVar.pFortran main program, StrVarmain.f FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 171 Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarmain.fFortran main program, FixVecmain.f 172 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 173 Commands to compile and execute UniVec.p and UniVecmain.f 174 Commands to compile and execute IntCA.p FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 175 Commands to compile and execute ChrCA.pFortran main program, ChrCAmain.f 176 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 177 178 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 179 180 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 181 182 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValmain.f Commands to compile and execute ChrCAx.p Pascal procedure, ChrCAx.pPointers FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 183 184 Commands to compile and execute PastPtr.p FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 185 Procedure Calls Pascal-FORTRANFortran main program, RetRealmain.f 186 Fortran subroutine FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 187 188 Fortran subroutine, StrVar.f Character Dummy Arguments Commands to compile and execute StrVar.f and StrVarmain.pHostname% f77 -c StrVar.f Hostname% pc StrVar.o StrVarmain.p -lpfc -lF77 190 Following example illustrates this method FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 191 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.f 192 Fortran subroutine, UniVec.fPascal main program, UniVecmain.p FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 193 Commands to compile and execute UniVec.f and UniVecmain.pHostname% f77 -c UniVec.f 194 Fortran subroutine, StruChr.f Hostname% f77 -c StruChr.f Commands to compile and execute StruChr.f and StruChrmain.pHostname% pc StruChr.o StruChrmain.p -lpfc -lF77 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 195 196 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 197 198 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 199 200 Hostname% f77 -c PassPtr.f Commands to compile and execute PassPtr.f and PassPtrmain.pHostname% pc PassPtr.o PassPtrmain.p -lpfc -lF77 Fortran function, RetReal.f 202 Commands to compile and execute RetReal.f and RetRealmain.pRoutines as Parameters FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 203 204 Illegal Characters Error DiagnosticsCompiler Syntax Errors 206 String ErrorsDigits in Real Numbers Hostname% pc synerr.p Replacements, Insertions, and DeletionsError Diagnostics 207 208 Expected Symbols and Malformed ConstructsUndeﬁned or Improper Identiﬁers Expected and Unexpected End-of-ﬁle Error Diagnostics 209Hostname% pc synerr2.p Pascal program, mism.p Format of the Error Diagnostics Compiler Semantic ErrorsIncompatible Types 210 Scalar Class Procedure and Function Type ErrorsError Diagnostics 211 212 Scalar Error MessagesExpression Diagnostics Error Diagnostics 213 This program generates the following error messages 214 Type Equivalence Pascal program, unreached.p Error Diagnostics 215Unreachable Statements Uninitialized Variables Goto StatementUnused Variables, Constants, Types, Labels, and Routines Hostname% pc unreached.p Error Diagnostics 217 Compiler Panics, I/O ErrorsRuntime Errors 218 Error Diagnostics 219 220 Overview XView Toolkit Objects ToolsObject-Oriented Programming 222 XView Toolkit 223 Pascal InterfaceDrawable Object Window Icon Compiling with Libraries Attribute ProceduresHeader Files Names XView Toolkit 225 Attribute Lists Data Types HandlesHere, mymenu is an object of type XVobject 226 Coding Fragment Conversion of C to PascalAn Example XView Toolkit 227 228 Pascal XView Toolkit 229 Sample Translation of an XView Function to Pascal 230 Sample Program XView Toolkit 231 Menu Demo Program 232 Panelbutton Math Libraries Contents of the Math Libraries Math Libraries 235 Libm Functions 236 Ieee Support Functions Math Libraries 237 IeeefunctionsIeeevalues 238 Sparc LibrariesIeeeretrospective Math Libraries 239 Arithmetic Exceptions 240 Math Library Exception-Handling Function matherr Math Libraries 241 242 Libsunmath Support for Ieee Modes and Exceptions Math Libraries 243 244 Conditional Variables Pascal Preprocessor 246 Compiler Directives Pascal Preprocessor 247 %config Directive 248 Hostname% pc -xl config.p hostname% a.out Output when you deﬁne foo Output when you deﬁne two%debug Directive Pascal Preprocessor 249 250 %else DirectiveHostname% pc -xl -cond debug.p hostname% a.out %elseif Directive Hostname% pc -xl -config red ifthenelse.p hostname% a.outPascal program, ifthenelse.p Pascal Preprocessor 251 %elseifdef Directive Hostname% pc -xl -config blue elseif.p hostname% a.outPascal program 252 Pascal Preprocessor 253 254 %enable DirectiveHostname% pc -xl -config bird2 ifdef.p hostname% a.out Hostname% pc -xl enable.p hostname% a.out %error Directive%endif Directive Pascal Preprocessor 255 256 Error.p%exit Directive Pascal Preprocessor 257 %if DirectiveHostname% pc -xl exitdirective.p hostname% a.out 258 %ifdef Directive Pascal Preprocessor 259 %include Directive 260 %list DirectiveModule unit, includemod.p Pascal Preprocessor 261 Pascal program, list.p 262 %nolist DirectiveList.p %var Directive %slibrary Directive%warning Directive Pascal Preprocessor 263 264 Output when you compile warning.p without the -configoptionPc -xl warning.p Error Messages 266 Fourth argument to function must be of type type, not type Error Messages 267 268 Error Messages 269 270 Function requires a to be an unpacked array, not type Error Messages 271 272 Error Messages 273 274 Identiﬁer Error Messages 275 276 Unknown option for procedure pointer ignored option Error Messages 277 278 Error Messages 279 280 Error Messages 281 282 Cannot mix sets with integers and reals as operands of type Error Messages 283 284 Error Messages 285 286 Error Messages 287 288 Multiply defined label in case, lines number and number Error Messages 289 290 Error Messages 291 292 Error Messages 293 294 OUT Error Messages 295 296 297 Index 298 Index 299 300 Index 301 302 Index 303 304 Index 305 306 Index 307 Marques

The XView Toolkit

Overview