Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Trademarks
Contents
Pascal Compiler
Contents
Pic, -Kpicand -PIC, -KPIC
Contents Vii
Program Construction and Management
Viii
Separate Compilation
C++-Pascal Interface
Error Diagnostics
XView Toolkit
Xii
Contents Xiii
Math Libraries
Xiv
Figures
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Tables
Fortran
Xviii
Installation
Preface
Operating Environment
Audience
Organization
Conventions Used in This Guide
AaBbCc123
Shell Prompts in Command Examples
Related Documentation
Manual
Documents in Hard Copy and in AnswerBook
Readme Files
Other Related Documentation
Hostname% imagetool floating-point.ps
CD-ROM
Introduction
Standards
Features
Pascal Compiler
Compatibility
XView Toolkit
Text Editors
Debuggers
Native Language Support
Internationalization
Licensing
Locale
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Pascal Programs
Simple Pascal Program
Compiling the Program
Hostname% mv a.out temp
Running the Program
Renaming the Executable File
Hostname% pc -o temp temp.p
An Interactive Pascal Program
Hello, are you listening?
Redirecting I/O
Hostname% pc -o copy copy.p
Goodbye, I must go now
Using a File Name as a File Variable
Where Did My Program Fail?
Using Pascal Traceback
Hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p
Using a Sample Program with Segmentation Violation
Compiling and Running the Program
Using the -gOption
Hostname% more a.out.trace
Try compiling SegViol.p with -g
Pascal Compiler
Pc Version Number
Compile and Link Sequence
Hostname% mcs -p a.out grep Pascal
Compiler Preprocessor cpp or cppas
Language Preprocessor
Source
Optimizer
File Name Extensions Accepted By pc
Suffix Description
Hostname% pc -l rmc.p
Option-Passing on the Command-Line
Option-Passing in the Program Text
Hostname% pc -o rmc rmc.p
Option Description
Options
Hostname% pc options.p
Bbinding
Bsdmalloc
Cg92
Calign
Cg89
Cond
Config
Dname=def
Dalign
Dryrun
Fast
Fnonstd
Fns
Fround=r
Ftrap=t
Hname
Iname
Help or -flags
Ipathname
Keeptmp
Ldirectory
Hostname% pc -l random.p
Llib
Libmieee
Libmil
Misalign
Nolib
Native
Nocx
Nolibmil
Notrace
Olevel
Hostname% limit datasize 16M
Hostname% /usr/sbin/prtconf grep Memory
Ofilename
Hostname% /usr/sbin/swap -s
Hostname% pc -o myprog myprog.p
-pg
Using the -pOption
Using the -pgOption
Pic,-Kpic and -PIC,-KPIC
Qoption
Qpathpathname
Qproduce
Rpathdir
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Examples
Hostname% pc -Rw rr.p
Hostname% pc -Rw recvar.p
Commands to compile and execute with.p
Pascal main program, with.p with statement
Hostname% pc -Rw with.p
Slevel
Sbfast
Hostname% pc -S rmc.p
Temp=dir
Hostname% pc -temp=. hello.p
Time
Hostname% pc -time hello.p
Uname
Xarch=a
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Value Meaning
Limit the instruction set to V8 architecture
Xcache=c
S1/l1/a1 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2s3/l3/a3
Xchip=c
Example -xcache=16/32/41024/32/1specifies the following
Xcg89
Xcg92
Xlibmieee
Xildoff
Xildon
Xlibmil
XMerge
Xlibmopt
Xlicinfo
Xnolib
Xpg
Xprofile=p
-xprofileValues
Xregs=r
Example -xregs=appl,no%float
Xsafe=mem
Xsb
Xsbfast
Xspace
Xtarget=t
XtargetExpansions
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Pascal Compiler
Ztext
Program Construction Management
Units
Using Program Units and Module Units
Compiling with Units
Hostname% pc programunit.p moduleunit.p
Program Construction and Management
Using Units and Header Files
Sharing Variables Between Units
Here is a program unit that declares a variable
Program Construction and Management
Libraries
Separate Compilation
Working with Units
Using Program Units
Using Module Units
Sharing Variables and Routines Across Multiple Units
Program unit
Compiling without the -xlOption
Sharing Public Variables
Separate Compilation
Using extern Option to Share Routines
Using include Files to Share Variables and Routines
Module unit, incmod.p, which also includes the file
Commands to compile and execute incprog.p and incmod.p
Program unit, incprog.p, which includes the file
Hostname% pc incprog.p incmod.p
Using the -xlOption
Using public var Declarations
Commands to compile and execute pubvarprog.p and pubvarmod.p
Using the define Variable Attribute
Using the define Declaration
Commands to compile and execute defvarprog.p and defvarmod.p
Using include Files
Module unit
Program unit, incprog2.p Module unit, incmod2.p
Using extern
Commands to compile and execute incprog2.p and incmod2.p
Program unit, extprog.p
Commands to compile and execute extprog.p and extmod.p
Sharing Declarations in Multiple Units
Module unit, extmod.p
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
C-Pascal Interface
Compilation of Mixed-Language Programs
Compatibility of Types for C and Pascal
Hostname% cc -c myc.c Hostname% pc -calign myc.o mypascal.p
Precautions with Compatible Types
Character Strings
C-Pascal Interface
Aggregate Types
Incompatibilities
Array Indexes
Enumerated Types
Procedure Calls C-Pascal
General Parameter Passing in C and Pascal
Pascal Set Types
Commands to compile and execute Samp.p
Variable Parameters
Pascal procedure, SimVar.p
Simple Types without -xl
Simple Types with -xl
Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p and SimVarMain.c
Pascal procedure
Strings of Characters
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarMain.c
Fixed Arrays
C main program
Pascal procedure, FixVec.p
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p and FixVecMain.c
Day =
Univ Arrays
100
Conformant Arrays
C-Pascal Interface 101
Example 1 Single-Dimension Array
102
Example 2 Multi-Dimension Array
C-Pascal Interface 103
Example 3 Array of Characters
104
Records and Structures
C-Pascal Interface 105
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p and StruChrMain.c
106
Pascal routine
C-Pascal Interface 107
Variant Records
108
Commands to compile and execute VarRec.p and VarRecMain.c
C-Pascal Interface 109
Pascal Set Type
110
Pascal intset Type
C-Pascal Interface 111
Value Parameters
112
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValMain.c
C-Pascal Interface 113
Arrays
114
Pascal function
Function Return Values
Simple Types
C-Pascal Interface 115
Input and Output
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p and RetRealMain.c
Pascal procedure, IO.p C main program, IOMain.c
116
C function, SimRef.c
Procedure Calls Pascal-C
Hostname% cc IO.o IOMain.c -lpc
C-Pascal Interface 117
118
C function, StrVar.c
Pascal main program, StrVarMain.p
C-Pascal Interface 119
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.c
Incorrect use of string in static variable storage
120
Pascal main program
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.c
C function, FixVec.c
C-Pascal Interface 121
C function, UniVec.c
122
C function, IntCA.c
C-Pascal Interface 123
Commands to compile and execute IntCA.c and IntCAMain.p
C function, StruChr.c
124
Calign StruChr.o StruChrMain.p
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.c and StruChrMain.p
StruChr.c
Out
C function, VarRec.c
126
Non-Pascal Procedures
Commands to compile and execute VarRec.c
C-Pascal Interface 127
128
C function, SimVal.c
C-Pascal Interface 129
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.c
130
C function, RetReal.c
Parameters That Are Pointers to Procedures
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.c and RetRealMain.p
C function, ProcPar.c
Procedures and Functions as Parameters
132
Pascal procedure, GloVar.p
Global Variables in C and Pascal
C-Pascal Interface 133
C procedure, UseFilePtr.c
File-Passing Between Pascal and C
134
C-Pascal Interface 135
136
C++-Pascal Interface
Sample Interface
Compatibility of Types for C++ and Pascal
Procedure Calls C++-Pascal
Pascal procedure, Samp, in the file, Samp.p
++ Name Encoding
Hostname% pc -c Samp.p
Arguments Passed by Reference
C++ main program, SampMain.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 139
Pascal procedure, SampRef, in the file, Samp.p
Simple Types without the -xlOption
140
C++ main program
Commands to compile and execute SamRef.p and SamRefMain.cc
Simple Types with the -xlOption
Hostname% pc -c SamRef.p
142
Commands to compile and execute StrRef.p and StrRefMain.cc
Hostname% pc -c StrRef.p
C++-Pascal Interface 143
Hostname% pc -c FixVec.p
144
C++-Pascal Interface 145
-calignoption
Hostname% pc -c DaysOfWeek.p
146
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p
Hostname% pc -c StruChr.p
C++-Pascal Interface 147
148
C++-Pascal Interface 149
Hostname% pc -calign -c DayWeather.p
Arguments Passed by Value
Hostname% pc -c DayWeather.p
150
C++-Pascal Interface 151
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p
152
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p
Hostname% pc -c RetReal.p
C++-Pascal Interface 153
Pascal function, IO.p
Input and Output
Hostname% pc -c RetShortReal.p
154
Hostname% CC IO.o IOMain.cc -lpc hostname% a.out
Procedure Calls Pascal-C++
C++ main program, IOMain.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 155
Simple Types Passed by Reference
C++ function, SimRef.cc
156
C++-Pascal Interface 157
C++ function, SimVal.cc
158
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 159
C++ function, RetReal.cc
160
Global Variables in C++ and Pascal
Pascal procedure, GloVar.p C++ main program, GloVarMain.cc
Commands to compile and execute GloVar.p and GloVarMain.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 161
C++ procedure
Pascal File Pointers to C++
162
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface
Compiler Mixed-Language Programs
Compatibility of Types for Fortran and Pascal
164
Real Integer Integer*2
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 165
166
Multidimensional Arrays
General Parameter-Passing in Fortran and Pascal
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 167
Procedure Calls FORTRAN-Pascal
168
Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p
Fortran main program
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 169
Pascal procedure, StrVar.p
Fortran main program, StrVarmain.f
170
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarmain.f
Fortran main program, FixVecmain.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 171
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p
172
Commands to compile and execute UniVec.p and UniVecmain.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 173
Commands to compile and execute IntCA.p
174
Commands to compile and execute ChrCA.p
Fortran main program, ChrCAmain.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 175
176
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 177
178
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 179
180
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 181
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValmain.f
182
Pointers
Pascal procedure, ChrCAx.p
Commands to compile and execute ChrCAx.p
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 183
Commands to compile and execute PastPtr.p
184
Procedure Calls Pascal-FORTRAN
Fortran main program, RetRealmain.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 185
Fortran subroutine
186
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 187
Fortran subroutine, StrVar.f
188
Hostname% f77 -c StrVar.f
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.f and StrVarmain.p
Character Dummy Arguments
Hostname% pc StrVar.o StrVarmain.p -lpfc -lF77
Following example illustrates this method
190
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 191
Fortran subroutine, UniVec.f
Pascal main program, UniVecmain.p
192
Commands to compile and execute UniVec.f and UniVecmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c UniVec.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 193
Fortran subroutine, StruChr.f
194
Hostname% pc StruChr.o StruChrmain.p -lpfc -lF77
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.f and StruChrmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c StruChr.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 195
196
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 197
198
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 199
200
Hostname% pc PassPtr.o PassPtrmain.p -lpfc -lF77
Commands to compile and execute PassPtr.f and PassPtrmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c PassPtr.f
Fortran function, RetReal.f
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.f and RetRealmain.p
Routines as Parameters
202
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 203
204
Error Diagnostics
Compiler Syntax Errors
Illegal Characters
String Errors
Digits in Real Numbers
206
Replacements, Insertions, and Deletions
Error Diagnostics 207
Hostname% pc synerr.p
Expected Symbols and Malformed Constructs
Undefined or Improper Identifiers
208
Hostname% pc synerr2.p
Error Diagnostics 209
Expected and Unexpected End-of-file
Pascal program, mism.p
Incompatible Types
Compiler Semantic Errors
Format of the Error Diagnostics
210
Procedure and Function Type Errors
Error Diagnostics 211
Scalar Class
Scalar Error Messages
Expression Diagnostics
212
This program generates the following error messages
Error Diagnostics 213
Type Equivalence
214
Error Diagnostics 215
Unreachable Statements
Pascal program, unreached.p
Unused Variables, Constants, Types, Labels, and Routines
Goto Statement
Uninitialized Variables
Hostname% pc unreached.p
Compiler Panics, I/O Errors
Runtime Errors
Error Diagnostics 217
218
Error Diagnostics 219
220
XView Toolkit
Overview
Object-Oriented Programming
Tools
Objects
222
Pascal Interface
Drawable Object Window Icon
XView Toolkit 223
Header Files
Attribute Procedures
Compiling with Libraries
Names
Attribute Lists
XView Toolkit 225
Here, mymenu is an object of type XVobject
Handles
Data Types
226
An Example
Conversion of C to Pascal
Coding Fragment
XView Toolkit 227
Pascal
228
Sample Translation of an XView Function to Pascal
XView Toolkit 229
Sample Program
230
Menu Demo Program
XView Toolkit 231
Panelbutton
232
Math Libraries
Contents of the Math Libraries
Libm Functions
Math Libraries 235
Ieee Support Functions
236
Ieeefunctions
Ieeevalues
Math Libraries 237
Sparc Libraries
Ieeeretrospective
238
Arithmetic Exceptions
Math Libraries 239
Math Library Exception-Handling Function matherr
240
Math Libraries 241
Libsunmath Support for Ieee Modes and Exceptions
242
Math Libraries 243
244
Pascal Preprocessor
Conditional Variables
Compiler Directives
246
%config Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 247
Hostname% pc -xl config.p hostname% a.out
248
%debug Directive
Output when you define two
Output when you define foo
Pascal Preprocessor 249
%else Directive
Hostname% pc -xl -cond debug.p hostname% a.out
250
Pascal program, ifthenelse.p
Hostname% pc -xl -config red ifthenelse.p hostname% a.out
%elseif Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 251
Pascal program
Hostname% pc -xl -config blue elseif.p hostname% a.out
%elseifdef Directive
252
Pascal Preprocessor 253
%enable Directive
Hostname% pc -xl -config bird2 ifdef.p hostname% a.out
254
%endif Directive
%error Directive
Hostname% pc -xl enable.p hostname% a.out
Pascal Preprocessor 255
Error.p
%exit Directive
256
%if Directive
Hostname% pc -xl exitdirective.p hostname% a.out
Pascal Preprocessor 257
%ifdef Directive
258
%include Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 259
%list Directive
Module unit, includemod.p
260
Pascal program, list.p
Pascal Preprocessor 261
%nolist Directive
List.p
262
%warning Directive
%slibrary Directive
%var Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 263
Output when you compile warning.p without the -configoption
Pc -xl warning.p
264
Error Messages
266
Error Messages 267
Fourth argument to function must be of type type, not type
268
Error Messages 269
Function requires a to be an unpacked array, not type
270
Error Messages 271
272
Error Messages 273
274
Error Messages 275
Identifier
Unknown option for procedure pointer ignored option
276
Error Messages 277
278
Error Messages 279
280
Error Messages 281
Cannot mix sets with integers and reals as operands of type
282
Error Messages 283
284
Error Messages 285
286
Error Messages 287
288
Error Messages 289
Multiply defined label in case, lines number and number
290
Error Messages 291
292
Error Messages 293
OUT
294
Error Messages 295
296
Index
297
298
Index 299
300
Index 301
302
Index 303
304
Index 305
306
Index 307
Marques