Pascal Programs, Simple Pascal Program | HP SunSoft Pascal 4.0

Pascal Programs	2

This chapter cites two examples that illustrate how to compile and execute a program. It also explains how to use the traceback facility to ﬁnd out why a program fails. The sections are:

A Simple Pascal Program	page 7

An Interactive Pascal Program	page 10

Where Did My Program Fail?	page 13

Building a program with SPARCompiler Pascal requires three steps:

1.Writing a program in Pascal using an editor and saving it in a ﬁle with a

.p or .pas sufﬁx

2.Compiling the .p or .pas ﬁle using the pc command

3.Executing the program by typing the name of the executable ﬁle at the system prompt

A Simple Pascal Program

The following is a simple Pascal program that converts temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius. Use an editor to type the code on your system and save it in a ﬁle called temp.p.

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HP SunSoft Pascal 4.0 manual Pascal Programs, Simple Pascal Program

Contents

Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Trademarks Contents Pascal Compiler Contents Pic, -Kpicand -PIC, -KPIC Contents Vii Viii Program Construction and Management Separate Compilation C++-Pascal Interface Error Diagnostics Xii XView Toolkit Math Libraries Contents Xiii Xiv Figures Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Fortran Tables Xviii Preface InstallationOperating Environment Organization Audience AaBbCc123 Conventions Used in This Guide Related Documentation Shell Prompts in Command ExamplesManual Hostname% imagetool floating-point.ps Readme FilesOther Related Documentation Documents in Hard Copy and in AnswerBook CD-ROM Standards Introduction Pascal Compiler FeaturesCompatibility Native Language Support Text EditorsDebuggers XView Toolkit Internationalization Locale Licensing Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Simple Pascal Program Pascal Programs Compiling the Program Hostname% pc -o temp temp.p Running the ProgramRenaming the Executable File Hostname% mv a.out temp An Interactive Pascal Program Goodbye, I must go now Redirecting I/OHostname% pc -o copy copy.p Hello, are you listening? Using a File Name as a File Variable Using Pascal Traceback Where Did My Program Fail?Hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p Compiling and Running the Program Using a Sample Program with Segmentation Violation Hostname% more a.out.trace Using the -gOption Try compiling SegViol.p with -g Pc Version Number Pascal Compiler Hostname% mcs -p a.out grep Pascal Compile and Link Sequence Optimizer Language PreprocessorSource Compiler Preprocessor cpp or cppas Sufﬁx Description File Name Extensions Accepted By pc Hostname% pc -o rmc rmc.p Option-Passing on the Command-LineOption-Passing in the Program Text Hostname% pc -l rmc.p Option Description Hostname% pc options.p Options Bbinding Bsdmalloc Cond CalignCg89 Cg92 Dname=def Config Dryrun DalignFast Fns FnonstdFround=r Ftrap=t Hname Keeptmp Help or -flagsIpathname Iname Hostname% pc -l random.p Ldirectory Misalign LibmieeeLibmil Llib Nolibmil NativeNocx Nolib Olevel Notrace Hostname% limit datasize 16M Hostname% pc -o myprog myprog.p OﬁlenameHostname% /usr/sbin/swap -s Hostname% /usr/sbin/prtconf grep Memory Pic,-Kpic and -PIC,-KPIC Using the -pOptionUsing the -pgOption -pg Qpathpathname QoptionQproduce Rpathdir Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Examples Hostname% pc -Rw recvar.p Hostname% pc -Rw rr.p Pascal main program, with.p with statement Commands to compile and execute with.pHostname% pc -Rw with.p Sbfast SlevelHostname% pc -S rmc.p Hostname% pc -temp=. hello.p Temp=dir Hostname% pc -time hello.p Time Xarch=a Uname Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Value Meaning Limit the instruction set to V8 architecture S1/l1/a1 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2s3/l3/a3 Xcache=c Example -xcache=16/32/41024/32/1speciﬁes the following Xchip=c Xcg92 Xcg89 Xlibmil XildoffXildon Xlibmieee Xnolib XlibmoptXlicinfo XMerge Xprofile=p Xpg -xprofileValues Example -xregs=appl,no%float Xregs=r Xsb Xsafe=memXsbfast Xtarget=t Xspace XtargetExpansions Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Pascal Compiler Ztext Units Program Construction Management Using Program Units and Module Units Hostname% pc programunit.p moduleunit.p Compiling with UnitsProgram Construction and Management Using Units and Header Files Sharing Variables Between Units Here is a program unit that declares a variable Program Construction and Management Libraries Working with Units Separate Compilation Using Module Units Using Program UnitsSharing Variables and Routines Across Multiple Units Separate Compilation Compiling without the -xlOptionSharing Public Variables Program unit Using include Files to Share Variables and Routines Using extern Option to Share Routines Hostname% pc incprog.p incmod.p Commands to compile and execute incprog.p and incmod.pProgram unit, incprog.p, which includes the ﬁle Module unit, incmod.p, which also includes the ﬁle Using public var Declarations Using the -xlOption Commands to compile and execute pubvarprog.p and pubvarmod.p Using the define Variable Attribute Commands to compile and execute defvarprog.p and defvarmod.p Using the define Declaration Module unit Using include Files Program unit, incprog2.p Module unit, incmod2.p Commands to compile and execute incprog2.p and incmod2.p Using externProgram unit, extprog.p Sharing Declarations in Multiple Units Commands to compile and execute extprog.p and extmod.pModule unit, extmod.p Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Compilation of Mixed-Language Programs C-Pascal Interface Hostname% cc -c myc.c Hostname% pc -calign myc.o mypascal.p Compatibility of Types for C and Pascal Character Strings Precautions with Compatible TypesC-Pascal Interface Enumerated Types IncompatibilitiesArray Indexes Aggregate Types General Parameter Passing in C and Pascal Procedure Calls C-PascalPascal Set Types Variable Parameters Commands to compile and execute Samp.p Simple Types without -xl Pascal procedure, SimVar.p Strings of Characters Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p and SimVarMain.cPascal procedure Simple Types with -xl Fixed Arrays Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarMain.cC main program Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p and FixVecMain.c Pascal procedure, FixVec.p Day = 100 Univ Arrays C-Pascal Interface 101 Conformant Arrays 102 Example 1 Single-Dimension Array C-Pascal Interface 103 Example 2 Multi-Dimension Array 104 Example 3 Array of Characters C-Pascal Interface 105 Records and Structures 106 Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p and StruChrMain.c C-Pascal Interface 107 Pascal routine 108 Variant Records C-Pascal Interface 109 Commands to compile and execute VarRec.p and VarRecMain.c 110 Pascal Set Type C-Pascal Interface 111 Pascal intset Type 112 Value Parameters C-Pascal Interface 113 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValMain.c 114 Arrays C-Pascal Interface 115 Function Return ValuesSimple Types Pascal function 116 Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p and RetRealMain.cPascal procedure, IO.p C main program, IOMain.c Input and Output C-Pascal Interface 117 Procedure Calls Pascal-CHostname% cc IO.o IOMain.c -lpc C function, SimRef.c 118 Pascal main program, StrVarMain.p C function, StrVar.cC-Pascal Interface 119 Incorrect use of string in static variable storage Commands to compile and execute StrVar.c120 C-Pascal Interface 121 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.cC function, FixVec.c Pascal main program 122 C function, UniVec.c C-Pascal Interface 123 C function, IntCA.c C function, StruChr.c Commands to compile and execute IntCA.c and IntCAMain.p124 Out Commands to compile and execute StruChr.c and StruChrMain.pStruChr.c Calign StruChr.o StruChrMain.p 126 C function, VarRec.c Commands to compile and execute VarRec.c Non-Pascal ProceduresC-Pascal Interface 127 128 C-Pascal Interface 129 C function, SimVal.c 130 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.c C function, ProcPar.c Parameters That Are Pointers to ProceduresCommands to compile and execute RetReal.c and RetRealMain.p C function, RetReal.c 132 Procedures and Functions as Parameters Global Variables in C and Pascal Pascal procedure, GloVar.pC-Pascal Interface 133 File-Passing Between Pascal and C C procedure, UseFilePtr.c134 C-Pascal Interface 135 136 Sample Interface C++-Pascal Interface ++ Name Encoding Procedure Calls C++-PascalPascal procedure, Samp, in the ﬁle, Samp.p Compatibility of Types for C++ and Pascal C++-Pascal Interface 139 Arguments Passed by ReferenceC++ main program, SampMain.cc Hostname% pc -c Samp.p Simple Types without the -xlOption Pascal procedure, SampRef, in the ﬁle, Samp.p140 Hostname% pc -c SamRef.p Commands to compile and execute SamRef.p and SamRefMain.ccSimple Types with the -xlOption C++ main program 142 Hostname% pc -c StrRef.p Commands to compile and execute StrRef.p and StrRefMain.ccC++-Pascal Interface 143 144 Hostname% pc -c FixVec.p C++-Pascal Interface 145 Hostname% pc -c DaysOfWeek.p -calignoption146 Hostname% pc -c StruChr.p Commands to compile and execute StruChr.pC++-Pascal Interface 147 148 C++-Pascal Interface 149 150 Arguments Passed by ValueHostname% pc -c DayWeather.p Hostname% pc -calign -c DayWeather.p C++-Pascal Interface 151 152 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p Hostname% pc -c RetReal.p Commands to compile and execute RetReal.pC++-Pascal Interface 153 154 Input and OutputHostname% pc -c RetShortReal.p Pascal function, IO.p C++-Pascal Interface 155 Procedure Calls Pascal-C++C++ main program, IOMain.cc Hostname% CC IO.o IOMain.cc -lpc hostname% a.out C++ function, SimRef.cc Simple Types Passed by Reference156 C++-Pascal Interface 157 158 C++ function, SimVal.cc C++-Pascal Interface 159 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.cc 160 C++ function, RetReal.cc C++-Pascal Interface 161 Pascal procedure, GloVar.p C++ main program, GloVarMain.ccCommands to compile and execute GloVar.p and GloVarMain.cc Global Variables in C++ and Pascal Pascal File Pointers to C++ C++ procedure162 Compiler Mixed-Language Programs FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 164 Compatibility of Types for Fortran and Pascal FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 165 Real Integer Integer*2 166 General Parameter-Passing in Fortran and Pascal Multidimensional ArraysFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 167 168 Procedure Calls FORTRAN-Pascal Fortran main program Commands to compile and execute SimVar.pFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 169 Fortran main program, StrVarmain.f Pascal procedure, StrVar.p170 Fortran main program, FixVecmain.f Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarmain.fFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 171 172 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 173 Commands to compile and execute UniVec.p and UniVecmain.f 174 Commands to compile and execute IntCA.p Fortran main program, ChrCAmain.f Commands to compile and execute ChrCA.pFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 175 176 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 177 178 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 179 180 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 181 182 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValmain.f FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 183 Pascal procedure, ChrCAx.pCommands to compile and execute ChrCAx.p Pointers 184 Commands to compile and execute PastPtr.p Fortran main program, RetRealmain.f Procedure Calls Pascal-FORTRANFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 185 186 Fortran subroutine FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 187 188 Fortran subroutine, StrVar.f Hostname% pc StrVar.o StrVarmain.p -lpfc -lF77 Commands to compile and execute StrVar.f and StrVarmain.pCharacter Dummy Arguments Hostname% f77 -c StrVar.f 190 Following example illustrates this method FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 191 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.f Pascal main program, UniVecmain.p Fortran subroutine, UniVec.f192 Hostname% f77 -c UniVec.f Commands to compile and execute UniVec.f and UniVecmain.pFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 193 194 Fortran subroutine, StruChr.f FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 195 Commands to compile and execute StruChr.f and StruChrmain.pHostname% f77 -c StruChr.f Hostname% pc StruChr.o StruChrmain.p -lpfc -lF77 196 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 197 198 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 199 200 Fortran function, RetReal.f Commands to compile and execute PassPtr.f and PassPtrmain.pHostname% f77 -c PassPtr.f Hostname% pc PassPtr.o PassPtrmain.p -lpfc -lF77 Routines as Parameters Commands to compile and execute RetReal.f and RetRealmain.p202 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 203 204 Compiler Syntax Errors Error DiagnosticsIllegal Characters Digits in Real Numbers String Errors206 Error Diagnostics 207 Replacements, Insertions, and DeletionsHostname% pc synerr.p Undeﬁned or Improper Identiﬁers Expected Symbols and Malformed Constructs208 Pascal program, mism.p Error Diagnostics 209Expected and Unexpected End-of-ﬁle Hostname% pc synerr2.p 210 Compiler Semantic ErrorsFormat of the Error Diagnostics Incompatible Types Error Diagnostics 211 Procedure and Function Type ErrorsScalar Class Expression Diagnostics Scalar Error Messages212 Error Diagnostics 213 This program generates the following error messages 214 Type Equivalence Unreachable Statements Error Diagnostics 215Pascal program, unreached.p Hostname% pc unreached.p Goto StatementUninitialized Variables Unused Variables, Constants, Types, Labels, and Routines Runtime Errors Compiler Panics, I/O ErrorsError Diagnostics 217 218 Error Diagnostics 219 220 Overview XView Toolkit 222 ToolsObjects Object-Oriented Programming Drawable Object Window Icon Pascal InterfaceXView Toolkit 223 Names Attribute ProceduresCompiling with Libraries Header Files XView Toolkit 225 Attribute Lists 226 HandlesData Types Here, mymenu is an object of type XVobject XView Toolkit 227 Conversion of C to PascalCoding Fragment An Example 228 Pascal XView Toolkit 229 Sample Translation of an XView Function to Pascal 230 Sample Program XView Toolkit 231 Menu Demo Program 232 Panelbutton Math Libraries Contents of the Math Libraries Math Libraries 235 Libm Functions 236 Ieee Support Functions Ieeevalues IeeefunctionsMath Libraries 237 Ieeeretrospective Sparc Libraries238 Math Libraries 239 Arithmetic Exceptions 240 Math Library Exception-Handling Function matherr Math Libraries 241 242 Libsunmath Support for Ieee Modes and Exceptions Math Libraries 243 244 Conditional Variables Pascal Preprocessor 246 Compiler Directives Pascal Preprocessor 247 %config Directive 248 Hostname% pc -xl config.p hostname% a.out Pascal Preprocessor 249 Output when you deﬁne twoOutput when you deﬁne foo %debug Directive Hostname% pc -xl -cond debug.p hostname% a.out %else Directive250 Pascal Preprocessor 251 Hostname% pc -xl -config red ifthenelse.p hostname% a.out%elseif Directive Pascal program, ifthenelse.p 252 Hostname% pc -xl -config blue elseif.p hostname% a.out%elseifdef Directive Pascal program Pascal Preprocessor 253 Hostname% pc -xl -config bird2 ifdef.p hostname% a.out %enable Directive254 Pascal Preprocessor 255 %error DirectiveHostname% pc -xl enable.p hostname% a.out %endif Directive %exit Directive Error.p256 Hostname% pc -xl exitdirective.p hostname% a.out %if DirectivePascal Preprocessor 257 258 %ifdef Directive Pascal Preprocessor 259 %include Directive Module unit, includemod.p %list Directive260 Pascal Preprocessor 261 Pascal program, list.p List.p %nolist Directive262 Pascal Preprocessor 263 %slibrary Directive%var Directive %warning Directive Pc -xl warning.p Output when you compile warning.p without the -configoption264 Error Messages 266 Fourth argument to function must be of type type, not type Error Messages 267 268 Error Messages 269 270 Function requires a to be an unpacked array, not type Error Messages 271 272 Error Messages 273 274 Identiﬁer Error Messages 275 276 Unknown option for procedure pointer ignored option Error Messages 277 278 Error Messages 279 280 Error Messages 281 282 Cannot mix sets with integers and reals as operands of type Error Messages 283 284 Error Messages 285 286 Error Messages 287 288 Multiply defined label in case, lines number and number Error Messages 289 290 Error Messages 291 292 Error Messages 293 294 OUT Error Messages 295 296 297 Index 298 Index 299 300 Index 301 302 Index 303 304 Index 305 306 Index 307 Marques