Where Did My Program Fail? | HP SunSoft Pascal 4.0 specification

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Assuming that the ﬁle data is still in the current directory, you can compile and run the program as follows:

hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p

hostname% copy2

hello, are you listening? goodbye, I must go now.

Where Did My Program Fail?

SPARCompiler Pascal can trace why a program failed; its traceback utility ﬁnds the routine that triggers the error.

Using Pascal Traceback

Pascal traceback installs signal handlers on selected signals and dumps a backtrace when those signals are caught. The backtrace shows the chain of calls leading from the routine in which the error occurred, all the way back to the main program.

Pascal catches the following set of signals:

SIGQUIT SIGIOT SIGFPE SIGSYS SIGTERM

SIGILL SIGABRT SIGBUS SIGPIPE SIGLOST

SIGTRAP SIGEMT SIGSEGV

See the signal(3) man page for further information on these signals.

After the system produces the traceback, it continues with whatever action it would have taken if the interposer had not been in place, including calling a user signal handler that was previously set.

The traceback facility uses the debugger dbx. To obtain a traceback, SPARCworks must be installed on your system, and the directory containing dbx must be in your PATH environment variable. If the traceback routine cannot ﬁnd dbx, it does not produce the traceback.

Use the -notracecommand-line option to disable traceback.

Pascal Programs

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Image 37

HP SunSoft Pascal 4.0 manual Where Did My Program Fail?, Using Pascal Traceback, Hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p

Contents

Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Trademarks Contents Pascal Compiler Contents Pic, -Kpicand -PIC, -KPIC Contents Vii Viii Program Construction and Management Separate Compilation C++-Pascal Interface Error Diagnostics Xii XView Toolkit Math Libraries Contents Xiii Xiv Figures Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Fortran Tables Xviii Preface InstallationOperating Environment Organization Audience AaBbCc123 Conventions Used in This Guide Related Documentation Shell Prompts in Command ExamplesManual Other Related Documentation Readme FilesDocuments in Hard Copy and in AnswerBook Hostname% imagetool floating-point.ps CD-ROM Standards Introduction Pascal Compiler FeaturesCompatibility Debuggers Text EditorsXView Toolkit Native Language Support Internationalization Locale Licensing Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Simple Pascal Program Pascal Programs Compiling the Program Renaming the Executable File Running the ProgramHostname% mv a.out temp Hostname% pc -o temp temp.p An Interactive Pascal Program Hostname% pc -o copy copy.p Redirecting I/OHello, are you listening? Goodbye, I must go now Using a File Name as a File Variable Using Pascal Traceback Where Did My Program Fail?Hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p Compiling and Running the Program Using a Sample Program with Segmentation Violation Hostname% more a.out.trace Using the -gOption Try compiling SegViol.p with -g Pc Version Number Pascal Compiler Hostname% mcs -p a.out grep Pascal Compile and Link Sequence Source Language PreprocessorCompiler Preprocessor cpp or cppas Optimizer Sufﬁx Description File Name Extensions Accepted By pc Option-Passing in the Program Text Option-Passing on the Command-LineHostname% pc -l rmc.p Hostname% pc -o rmc rmc.p Option Description Hostname% pc options.p Options Bbinding Bsdmalloc Cg89 CalignCg92 Cond Dname=def Config Dryrun DalignFast Fns FnonstdFround=r Ftrap=t Hname Ipathname Help or -flagsIname Keeptmp Hostname% pc -l random.p Ldirectory Libmil LibmieeeLlib Misalign Nocx NativeNolib Nolibmil Olevel Notrace Hostname% limit datasize 16M Hostname% /usr/sbin/swap -s OﬁlenameHostname% /usr/sbin/prtconf grep Memory Hostname% pc -o myprog myprog.p Using the -pgOption Using the -pOption-pg Pic,-Kpic and -PIC,-KPIC Qpathpathname QoptionQproduce Rpathdir Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Examples Hostname% pc -Rw recvar.p Hostname% pc -Rw rr.p Pascal main program, with.p with statement Commands to compile and execute with.pHostname% pc -Rw with.p Sbfast SlevelHostname% pc -S rmc.p Hostname% pc -temp=. hello.p Temp=dir Hostname% pc -time hello.p Time Xarch=a Uname Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Value Meaning Limit the instruction set to V8 architecture S1/l1/a1 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2s3/l3/a3 Xcache=c Example -xcache=16/32/41024/32/1speciﬁes the following Xchip=c Xcg92 Xcg89 Xildon XildoffXlibmieee Xlibmil Xlicinfo XlibmoptXMerge Xnolib Xprofile=p Xpg -xprofileValues Example -xregs=appl,no%float Xregs=r Xsb Xsafe=memXsbfast Xtarget=t Xspace XtargetExpansions Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Pascal Compiler Ztext Units Program Construction Management Using Program Units and Module Units Hostname% pc programunit.p moduleunit.p Compiling with UnitsProgram Construction and Management Using Units and Header Files Sharing Variables Between Units Here is a program unit that declares a variable Program Construction and Management Libraries Working with Units Separate Compilation Using Module Units Using Program UnitsSharing Variables and Routines Across Multiple Units Sharing Public Variables Compiling without the -xlOptionProgram unit Separate Compilation Using include Files to Share Variables and Routines Using extern Option to Share Routines Program unit, incprog.p, which includes the ﬁle Commands to compile and execute incprog.p and incmod.pModule unit, incmod.p, which also includes the ﬁle Hostname% pc incprog.p incmod.p Using public var Declarations Using the -xlOption Commands to compile and execute pubvarprog.p and pubvarmod.p Using the define Variable Attribute Commands to compile and execute defvarprog.p and defvarmod.p Using the define Declaration Module unit Using include Files Program unit, incprog2.p Module unit, incmod2.p Commands to compile and execute incprog2.p and incmod2.p Using externProgram unit, extprog.p Sharing Declarations in Multiple Units Commands to compile and execute extprog.p and extmod.pModule unit, extmod.p Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Compilation of Mixed-Language Programs C-Pascal Interface Hostname% cc -c myc.c Hostname% pc -calign myc.o mypascal.p Compatibility of Types for C and Pascal Character Strings Precautions with Compatible TypesC-Pascal Interface Array Indexes IncompatibilitiesAggregate Types Enumerated Types General Parameter Passing in C and Pascal Procedure Calls C-PascalPascal Set Types Variable Parameters Commands to compile and execute Samp.p Simple Types without -xl Pascal procedure, SimVar.p Pascal procedure Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p and SimVarMain.cSimple Types with -xl Strings of Characters Fixed Arrays Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarMain.cC main program Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p and FixVecMain.c Pascal procedure, FixVec.p Day = 100 Univ Arrays C-Pascal Interface 101 Conformant Arrays 102 Example 1 Single-Dimension Array C-Pascal Interface 103 Example 2 Multi-Dimension Array 104 Example 3 Array of Characters C-Pascal Interface 105 Records and Structures 106 Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p and StruChrMain.c C-Pascal Interface 107 Pascal routine 108 Variant Records C-Pascal Interface 109 Commands to compile and execute VarRec.p and VarRecMain.c 110 Pascal Set Type C-Pascal Interface 111 Pascal intset Type 112 Value Parameters C-Pascal Interface 113 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValMain.c 114 Arrays Simple Types Function Return ValuesPascal function C-Pascal Interface 115 Pascal procedure, IO.p C main program, IOMain.c Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p and RetRealMain.cInput and Output 116 Hostname% cc IO.o IOMain.c -lpc Procedure Calls Pascal-CC function, SimRef.c C-Pascal Interface 117 118 Pascal main program, StrVarMain.p C function, StrVar.cC-Pascal Interface 119 Incorrect use of string in static variable storage Commands to compile and execute StrVar.c120 C function, FixVec.c Commands to compile and execute FixVec.cPascal main program C-Pascal Interface 121 122 C function, UniVec.c C-Pascal Interface 123 C function, IntCA.c C function, StruChr.c Commands to compile and execute IntCA.c and IntCAMain.p124 StruChr.c Commands to compile and execute StruChr.c and StruChrMain.pCalign StruChr.o StruChrMain.p Out 126 C function, VarRec.c Commands to compile and execute VarRec.c Non-Pascal ProceduresC-Pascal Interface 127 128 C-Pascal Interface 129 C function, SimVal.c 130 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.c Commands to compile and execute RetReal.c and RetRealMain.p Parameters That Are Pointers to ProceduresC function, RetReal.c C function, ProcPar.c 132 Procedures and Functions as Parameters Global Variables in C and Pascal Pascal procedure, GloVar.pC-Pascal Interface 133 File-Passing Between Pascal and C C procedure, UseFilePtr.c134 C-Pascal Interface 135 136 Sample Interface C++-Pascal Interface Pascal procedure, Samp, in the ﬁle, Samp.p Procedure Calls C++-PascalCompatibility of Types for C++ and Pascal ++ Name Encoding C++ main program, SampMain.cc Arguments Passed by ReferenceHostname% pc -c Samp.p C++-Pascal Interface 139 Simple Types without the -xlOption Pascal procedure, SampRef, in the ﬁle, Samp.p140 Simple Types with the -xlOption Commands to compile and execute SamRef.p and SamRefMain.ccC++ main program Hostname% pc -c SamRef.p 142 Hostname% pc -c StrRef.p Commands to compile and execute StrRef.p and StrRefMain.ccC++-Pascal Interface 143 144 Hostname% pc -c FixVec.p C++-Pascal Interface 145 Hostname% pc -c DaysOfWeek.p -calignoption146 Hostname% pc -c StruChr.p Commands to compile and execute StruChr.pC++-Pascal Interface 147 148 C++-Pascal Interface 149 Hostname% pc -c DayWeather.p Arguments Passed by ValueHostname% pc -calign -c DayWeather.p 150 C++-Pascal Interface 151 152 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p Hostname% pc -c RetReal.p Commands to compile and execute RetReal.pC++-Pascal Interface 153 Hostname% pc -c RetShortReal.p Input and OutputPascal function, IO.p 154 C++ main program, IOMain.cc Procedure Calls Pascal-C++Hostname% CC IO.o IOMain.cc -lpc hostname% a.out C++-Pascal Interface 155 C++ function, SimRef.cc Simple Types Passed by Reference156 C++-Pascal Interface 157 158 C++ function, SimVal.cc C++-Pascal Interface 159 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.cc 160 C++ function, RetReal.cc Commands to compile and execute GloVar.p and GloVarMain.cc Pascal procedure, GloVar.p C++ main program, GloVarMain.ccGlobal Variables in C++ and Pascal C++-Pascal Interface 161 Pascal File Pointers to C++ C++ procedure162 Compiler Mixed-Language Programs FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 164 Compatibility of Types for Fortran and Pascal FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 165 Real Integer Integer*2 166 General Parameter-Passing in Fortran and Pascal Multidimensional ArraysFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 167 168 Procedure Calls FORTRAN-Pascal Fortran main program Commands to compile and execute SimVar.pFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 169 Fortran main program, StrVarmain.f Pascal procedure, StrVar.p170 Fortran main program, FixVecmain.f Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarmain.fFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 171 172 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 173 Commands to compile and execute UniVec.p and UniVecmain.f 174 Commands to compile and execute IntCA.p Fortran main program, ChrCAmain.f Commands to compile and execute ChrCA.pFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 175 176 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 177 178 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 179 180 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 181 182 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValmain.f Commands to compile and execute ChrCAx.p Pascal procedure, ChrCAx.pPointers FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 183 184 Commands to compile and execute PastPtr.p Fortran main program, RetRealmain.f Procedure Calls Pascal-FORTRANFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 185 186 Fortran subroutine FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 187 188 Fortran subroutine, StrVar.f Character Dummy Arguments Commands to compile and execute StrVar.f and StrVarmain.pHostname% f77 -c StrVar.f Hostname% pc StrVar.o StrVarmain.p -lpfc -lF77 190 Following example illustrates this method FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 191 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.f Pascal main program, UniVecmain.p Fortran subroutine, UniVec.f192 Hostname% f77 -c UniVec.f Commands to compile and execute UniVec.f and UniVecmain.pFORTRAN-Pascal Interface 193 194 Fortran subroutine, StruChr.f Hostname% f77 -c StruChr.f Commands to compile and execute StruChr.f and StruChrmain.pHostname% pc StruChr.o StruChrmain.p -lpfc -lF77 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 195 196 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 197 198 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 199 200 Hostname% f77 -c PassPtr.f Commands to compile and execute PassPtr.f and PassPtrmain.pHostname% pc PassPtr.o PassPtrmain.p -lpfc -lF77 Fortran function, RetReal.f Routines as Parameters Commands to compile and execute RetReal.f and RetRealmain.p202 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 203 204 Compiler Syntax Errors Error DiagnosticsIllegal Characters Digits in Real Numbers String Errors206 Error Diagnostics 207 Replacements, Insertions, and DeletionsHostname% pc synerr.p Undeﬁned or Improper Identiﬁers Expected Symbols and Malformed Constructs208 Expected and Unexpected End-of-ﬁle Error Diagnostics 209Hostname% pc synerr2.p Pascal program, mism.p Format of the Error Diagnostics Compiler Semantic ErrorsIncompatible Types 210 Error Diagnostics 211 Procedure and Function Type ErrorsScalar Class Expression Diagnostics Scalar Error Messages212 Error Diagnostics 213 This program generates the following error messages 214 Type Equivalence Unreachable Statements Error Diagnostics 215Pascal program, unreached.p Uninitialized Variables Goto StatementUnused Variables, Constants, Types, Labels, and Routines Hostname% pc unreached.p Runtime Errors Compiler Panics, I/O ErrorsError Diagnostics 217 218 Error Diagnostics 219 220 Overview XView Toolkit Objects ToolsObject-Oriented Programming 222 Drawable Object Window Icon Pascal InterfaceXView Toolkit 223 Compiling with Libraries Attribute ProceduresHeader Files Names XView Toolkit 225 Attribute Lists Data Types HandlesHere, mymenu is an object of type XVobject 226 Coding Fragment Conversion of C to PascalAn Example XView Toolkit 227 228 Pascal XView Toolkit 229 Sample Translation of an XView Function to Pascal 230 Sample Program XView Toolkit 231 Menu Demo Program 232 Panelbutton Math Libraries Contents of the Math Libraries Math Libraries 235 Libm Functions 236 Ieee Support Functions Ieeevalues IeeefunctionsMath Libraries 237 Ieeeretrospective Sparc Libraries238 Math Libraries 239 Arithmetic Exceptions 240 Math Library Exception-Handling Function matherr Math Libraries 241 242 Libsunmath Support for Ieee Modes and Exceptions Math Libraries 243 244 Conditional Variables Pascal Preprocessor 246 Compiler Directives Pascal Preprocessor 247 %config Directive 248 Hostname% pc -xl config.p hostname% a.out Output when you deﬁne foo Output when you deﬁne two%debug Directive Pascal Preprocessor 249 Hostname% pc -xl -cond debug.p hostname% a.out %else Directive250 %elseif Directive Hostname% pc -xl -config red ifthenelse.p hostname% a.outPascal program, ifthenelse.p Pascal Preprocessor 251 %elseifdef Directive Hostname% pc -xl -config blue elseif.p hostname% a.outPascal program 252 Pascal Preprocessor 253 Hostname% pc -xl -config bird2 ifdef.p hostname% a.out %enable Directive254 Hostname% pc -xl enable.p hostname% a.out %error Directive%endif Directive Pascal Preprocessor 255 %exit Directive Error.p256 Hostname% pc -xl exitdirective.p hostname% a.out %if DirectivePascal Preprocessor 257 258 %ifdef Directive Pascal Preprocessor 259 %include Directive Module unit, includemod.p %list Directive260 Pascal Preprocessor 261 Pascal program, list.p List.p %nolist Directive262 %var Directive %slibrary Directive%warning Directive Pascal Preprocessor 263 Pc -xl warning.p Output when you compile warning.p without the -configoption264 Error Messages 266 Fourth argument to function must be of type type, not type Error Messages 267 268 Error Messages 269 270 Function requires a to be an unpacked array, not type Error Messages 271 272 Error Messages 273 274 Identiﬁer Error Messages 275 276 Unknown option for procedure pointer ignored option Error Messages 277 278 Error Messages 279 280 Error Messages 281 282 Cannot mix sets with integers and reals as operands of type Error Messages 283 284 Error Messages 285 286 Error Messages 287 288 Multiply defined label in case, lines number and number Error Messages 289 290 Error Messages 291 292 Error Messages 293 294 OUT Error Messages 295 296 297 Index 298 Index 299 300 Index 301 302 Index 303 304 Index 305 306 Index 307 Marques