Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
 Trademarks
 Contents
 Pascal Compiler
 Contents
 Pic, -Kpicand -PIC, -KPIC
 Contents Vii
 Viii
Program Construction and Management
 Separate Compilation
 C++-Pascal Interface
 Error Diagnostics
 Xii
XView Toolkit
 Math Libraries
Contents Xiii
 Xiv
 Figures
 Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
 Fortran
Tables
 Xviii
 Operating Environment
Installation
Preface
 Organization
Audience
 AaBbCc123
Conventions Used in This Guide
 Manual
Shell Prompts in Command Examples
Related Documentation
 Hostname% imagetool floating-point.ps
Readme Files
Other Related Documentation
Documents in Hard Copy and in AnswerBook
 CD-ROM
 Standards
Introduction
 Compatibility
Features
Pascal Compiler
 Native Language Support
Text Editors
Debuggers
XView Toolkit
 Internationalization
 Locale
Licensing
 Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
 Simple Pascal Program
Pascal Programs
 Compiling the Program
 Hostname% pc -o temp temp.p
Running the Program
Renaming the Executable File
Hostname% mv a.out temp
 An Interactive Pascal Program
 Goodbye, I must go now
Redirecting I/O
Hostname% pc -o copy copy.p
Hello, are you listening?
 Using a File Name as a File Variable
 Hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p
Where Did My Program Fail?
Using Pascal Traceback
 Compiling and Running the Program
Using a Sample Program with Segmentation Violation
 Hostname% more a.out.trace
Using the -gOption
 Try compiling SegViol.p with -g
 Pc Version Number
Pascal Compiler
 Hostname% mcs -p a.out grep Pascal
Compile and Link Sequence
 Optimizer
Language Preprocessor
Source
Compiler Preprocessor cpp or cppas
 Suffix Description
File Name Extensions Accepted By pc
 Hostname% pc -o rmc rmc.p
Option-Passing on the Command-Line
Option-Passing in the Program Text
Hostname% pc -l rmc.p
 Option Description
 Hostname% pc options.p
Options
 Bbinding
 Bsdmalloc
 Cond
Calign
Cg89
Cg92
 Dname=def
Config
 Fast
Dalign
Dryrun
 Fround=r
Fnonstd
Fns
 Ftrap=t
 Hname
 Keeptmp
Help or -flags
Ipathname
Iname
 Hostname% pc -l random.p
Ldirectory
 Misalign
Libmieee
Libmil
Llib
 Nolibmil
Native
Nocx
Nolib
 Olevel
Notrace
 Hostname% limit datasize 16M
 Hostname% pc -o myprog myprog.p
Ofilename
Hostname% /usr/sbin/swap -s
Hostname% /usr/sbin/prtconf grep Memory
 Pic,-Kpic and -PIC,-KPIC
Using the -pOption
Using the -pgOption
-pg
 Qproduce
Qoption
Qpathpathname
 Rpathdir
 Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
 Examples
 Hostname% pc -Rw recvar.p
Hostname% pc -Rw rr.p
 Hostname% pc -Rw with.p
Commands to compile and execute with.p
Pascal main program, with.p with statement
 Hostname% pc -S rmc.p
Slevel
Sbfast
 Hostname% pc -temp=. hello.p
Temp=dir
 Hostname% pc -time hello.p
Time
 Xarch=a
Uname
 Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
 Value Meaning
 Limit the instruction set to V8 architecture
 S1/l1/a1 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2s3/l3/a3
Xcache=c
 Example -xcache=16/32/41024/32/1specifies the following
Xchip=c
 Xcg92
Xcg89
 Xlibmil
Xildoff
Xildon
Xlibmieee
 Xnolib
Xlibmopt
Xlicinfo
XMerge
 Xprofile=p
Xpg
 -xprofileValues
 Example -xregs=appl,no%float
Xregs=r
 Xsbfast
Xsafe=mem
Xsb
 Xtarget=t
Xspace
 XtargetExpansions
 Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
 Pascal Compiler
 Ztext
 Units
Program Construction Management
 Using Program Units and Module Units
 Program Construction and Management
Compiling with Units
Hostname% pc programunit.p moduleunit.p
 Using Units and Header Files
 Sharing Variables Between Units
 Here is a program unit that declares a variable
 Program Construction and Management
 Libraries
 Working with Units
Separate Compilation
 Sharing Variables and Routines Across Multiple Units
Using Program Units
Using Module Units
 Separate Compilation
Compiling without the -xlOption
Sharing Public Variables
Program unit
 Using include Files to Share Variables and Routines
Using extern Option to Share Routines
 Hostname% pc incprog.p incmod.p
Commands to compile and execute incprog.p and incmod.p
Program unit, incprog.p, which includes the file
Module unit, incmod.p, which also includes the file
 Using public var Declarations
Using the -xlOption
 Commands to compile and execute pubvarprog.p and pubvarmod.p
 Using the define Variable Attribute
 Commands to compile and execute defvarprog.p and defvarmod.p
Using the define Declaration
 Module unit
Using include Files
 Program unit, incprog2.p Module unit, incmod2.p
 Program unit, extprog.p
Using extern
Commands to compile and execute incprog2.p and incmod2.p
 Module unit, extmod.p
Commands to compile and execute extprog.p and extmod.p
Sharing Declarations in Multiple Units
 Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
 Compilation of Mixed-Language Programs
C-Pascal Interface
 Hostname% cc -c myc.c Hostname% pc -calign myc.o mypascal.p
Compatibility of Types for C and Pascal
 C-Pascal Interface
Precautions with Compatible Types
Character Strings
 Enumerated Types
Incompatibilities
Array Indexes
Aggregate Types
 Pascal Set Types
Procedure Calls C-Pascal
General Parameter Passing in C and Pascal
 Variable Parameters
Commands to compile and execute Samp.p
 Simple Types without -xl
Pascal procedure, SimVar.p
 Strings of Characters
Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p and SimVarMain.c
Pascal procedure
Simple Types with -xl
 C main program
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarMain.c
Fixed Arrays
 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p and FixVecMain.c
Pascal procedure, FixVec.p
 Day =
 100
Univ Arrays
 C-Pascal Interface 101
Conformant Arrays
 102
Example 1 Single-Dimension Array
 C-Pascal Interface 103
Example 2 Multi-Dimension Array
 104
Example 3 Array of Characters
 C-Pascal Interface 105
Records and Structures
 106
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p and StruChrMain.c
 C-Pascal Interface 107
Pascal routine
 108
Variant Records
 C-Pascal Interface 109
Commands to compile and execute VarRec.p and VarRecMain.c
 110
Pascal Set Type
 C-Pascal Interface 111
Pascal intset Type
 112
Value Parameters
 C-Pascal Interface 113
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValMain.c
 114
Arrays
 C-Pascal Interface 115
Function Return Values
Simple Types
Pascal function
 116
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p and RetRealMain.c
Pascal procedure, IO.p C main program, IOMain.c
Input and Output
 C-Pascal Interface 117
Procedure Calls Pascal-C
Hostname% cc IO.o IOMain.c -lpc
C function, SimRef.c
 118
 C-Pascal Interface 119
C function, StrVar.c
Pascal main program, StrVarMain.p
 120
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.c
Incorrect use of string in static variable storage
 C-Pascal Interface 121
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.c
C function, FixVec.c
Pascal main program
 122
C function, UniVec.c
 C-Pascal Interface 123
C function, IntCA.c
 124
Commands to compile and execute IntCA.c and IntCAMain.p
C function, StruChr.c
 Out
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.c and StruChrMain.p
StruChr.c
Calign StruChr.o StruChrMain.p
 126
C function, VarRec.c
 C-Pascal Interface 127
Non-Pascal Procedures
Commands to compile and execute VarRec.c
 128
 C-Pascal Interface 129
C function, SimVal.c
 130
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.c
 C function, ProcPar.c
Parameters That Are Pointers to Procedures
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.c and RetRealMain.p
C function, RetReal.c
 132
Procedures and Functions as Parameters
 C-Pascal Interface 133
Pascal procedure, GloVar.p
Global Variables in C and Pascal
 134
C procedure, UseFilePtr.c
File-Passing Between Pascal and C
 C-Pascal Interface 135
 136
 Sample Interface
C++-Pascal Interface
 ++ Name Encoding
Procedure Calls C++-Pascal
Pascal procedure, Samp, in the file, Samp.p
Compatibility of Types for C++ and Pascal
 C++-Pascal Interface 139
Arguments Passed by Reference
C++ main program, SampMain.cc
Hostname% pc -c Samp.p
 140
Pascal procedure, SampRef, in the file, Samp.p
Simple Types without the -xlOption
 Hostname% pc -c SamRef.p
Commands to compile and execute SamRef.p and SamRefMain.cc
Simple Types with the -xlOption
C++ main program
 142
 C++-Pascal Interface 143
Commands to compile and execute StrRef.p and StrRefMain.cc
Hostname% pc -c StrRef.p
 144
Hostname% pc -c FixVec.p
 C++-Pascal Interface 145
 146
-calignoption
Hostname% pc -c DaysOfWeek.p
 C++-Pascal Interface 147
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p
Hostname% pc -c StruChr.p
 148
 C++-Pascal Interface 149
 150
Arguments Passed by Value
Hostname% pc -c DayWeather.p
Hostname% pc -calign -c DayWeather.p
 C++-Pascal Interface 151
 152
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p
 C++-Pascal Interface 153
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p
Hostname% pc -c RetReal.p
 154
Input and Output
Hostname% pc -c RetShortReal.p
Pascal function, IO.p
 C++-Pascal Interface 155
Procedure Calls Pascal-C++
C++ main program, IOMain.cc
Hostname% CC IO.o IOMain.cc -lpc hostname% a.out
 156
Simple Types Passed by Reference
C++ function, SimRef.cc
 C++-Pascal Interface 157
 158
C++ function, SimVal.cc
 C++-Pascal Interface 159
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.cc
 160
C++ function, RetReal.cc
 C++-Pascal Interface 161
Pascal procedure, GloVar.p C++ main program, GloVarMain.cc
Commands to compile and execute GloVar.p and GloVarMain.cc
Global Variables in C++ and Pascal
 162
C++ procedure
Pascal File Pointers to C++
 Compiler Mixed-Language Programs
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface
 164
Compatibility of Types for Fortran and Pascal
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 165
Real Integer Integer*2
 166
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 167
Multidimensional Arrays
General Parameter-Passing in Fortran and Pascal
 168
Procedure Calls FORTRAN-Pascal
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 169
Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p
Fortran main program
 170
Pascal procedure, StrVar.p
Fortran main program, StrVarmain.f
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 171
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarmain.f
Fortran main program, FixVecmain.f
 172
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 173
Commands to compile and execute UniVec.p and UniVecmain.f
 174
Commands to compile and execute IntCA.p
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 175
Commands to compile and execute ChrCA.p
Fortran main program, ChrCAmain.f
 176
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 177
 178
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 179
 180
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 181
 182
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValmain.f
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 183
Pascal procedure, ChrCAx.p
Commands to compile and execute ChrCAx.p
Pointers
 184
Commands to compile and execute PastPtr.p
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 185
Procedure Calls Pascal-FORTRAN
Fortran main program, RetRealmain.f
 186
Fortran subroutine
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 187
 188
Fortran subroutine, StrVar.f
 Hostname% pc StrVar.o StrVarmain.p -lpfc -lF77
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.f and StrVarmain.p
Character Dummy Arguments
Hostname% f77 -c StrVar.f
 190
Following example illustrates this method
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 191
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.f
 192
Fortran subroutine, UniVec.f
Pascal main program, UniVecmain.p
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 193
Commands to compile and execute UniVec.f and UniVecmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c UniVec.f
 194
Fortran subroutine, StruChr.f
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 195
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.f and StruChrmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c StruChr.f
Hostname% pc StruChr.o StruChrmain.p -lpfc -lF77
 196
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 197
 198
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 199
 200
 Fortran function, RetReal.f
Commands to compile and execute PassPtr.f and PassPtrmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c PassPtr.f
Hostname% pc PassPtr.o PassPtrmain.p -lpfc -lF77
 202
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.f and RetRealmain.p
Routines as Parameters
 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 203
 204
 Illegal Characters
Error Diagnostics
Compiler Syntax Errors
 206
String Errors
Digits in Real Numbers
 Hostname% pc synerr.p
Replacements, Insertions, and Deletions
Error Diagnostics 207
 208
Expected Symbols and Malformed Constructs
Undefined or Improper Identifiers
 Pascal program, mism.p
Error Diagnostics 209
Expected and Unexpected End-of-file
Hostname% pc synerr2.p
 210
Compiler Semantic Errors
Format of the Error Diagnostics
Incompatible Types
 Scalar Class
Procedure and Function Type Errors
Error Diagnostics 211
 212
Scalar Error Messages
Expression Diagnostics
 Error Diagnostics 213
This program generates the following error messages
 214
Type Equivalence
 Pascal program, unreached.p
Error Diagnostics 215
Unreachable Statements
 Hostname% pc unreached.p
Goto Statement
Uninitialized Variables
Unused Variables, Constants, Types, Labels, and Routines
 Error Diagnostics 217
Compiler Panics, I/O Errors
Runtime Errors
 218
 Error Diagnostics 219
 220
 Overview
XView Toolkit
 222
Tools
Objects
Object-Oriented Programming
 XView Toolkit 223
Pascal Interface
Drawable Object Window Icon
 Names
Attribute Procedures
Compiling with Libraries
Header Files
 XView Toolkit 225
Attribute Lists
 226
Handles
Data Types
Here, mymenu is an object of type XVobject
 XView Toolkit 227
Conversion of C to Pascal
Coding Fragment
An Example
 228
Pascal
 XView Toolkit 229
Sample Translation of an XView Function to Pascal
 230
Sample Program
 XView Toolkit 231
Menu Demo Program
 232
Panelbutton
 Math Libraries
 Contents of the Math Libraries
 Math Libraries 235
Libm Functions
 236
Ieee Support Functions
 Math Libraries 237
Ieeefunctions
Ieeevalues
 238
Sparc Libraries
Ieeeretrospective
 Math Libraries 239
Arithmetic Exceptions
 240
Math Library Exception-Handling Function matherr
 Math Libraries 241
 242
Libsunmath Support for Ieee Modes and Exceptions
 Math Libraries 243
 244
 Conditional Variables
Pascal Preprocessor
 246
Compiler Directives
 Pascal Preprocessor 247
%config Directive
 248
Hostname% pc -xl config.p hostname% a.out
 Pascal Preprocessor 249
Output when you define two
Output when you define foo
%debug Directive
 250
%else Directive
Hostname% pc -xl -cond debug.p hostname% a.out
 Pascal Preprocessor 251
Hostname% pc -xl -config red ifthenelse.p hostname% a.out
%elseif Directive
Pascal program, ifthenelse.p
 252
Hostname% pc -xl -config blue elseif.p hostname% a.out
%elseifdef Directive
Pascal program
 Pascal Preprocessor 253
 254
%enable Directive
Hostname% pc -xl -config bird2 ifdef.p hostname% a.out
 Pascal Preprocessor 255
%error Directive
Hostname% pc -xl enable.p hostname% a.out
%endif Directive
 256
Error.p
%exit Directive
 Pascal Preprocessor 257
%if Directive
Hostname% pc -xl exitdirective.p hostname% a.out
 258
%ifdef Directive
 Pascal Preprocessor 259
%include Directive
 260
%list Directive
Module unit, includemod.p
 Pascal Preprocessor 261
Pascal program, list.p
 262
%nolist Directive
List.p
 Pascal Preprocessor 263
%slibrary Directive
%var Directive
%warning Directive
 264
Output when you compile warning.p without the -configoption
Pc -xl warning.p
 Error Messages
 266
 Fourth argument to function must be of type type, not type
Error Messages 267
 268
 Error Messages 269
 270
Function requires a to be an unpacked array, not type
 Error Messages 271
 272
 Error Messages 273
 274
 Identifier
Error Messages 275
 276
Unknown option for procedure pointer ignored option
 Error Messages 277
 278
 Error Messages 279
 280
 Error Messages 281
 282
Cannot mix sets with integers and reals as operands of type
 Error Messages 283
 284
 Error Messages 285
 286
 Error Messages 287
 288
 Multiply defined label in case, lines number and number
Error Messages 289
 290
 Error Messages 291
 292
 Error Messages 293
 294
OUT
 Error Messages 295
 296
 297
Index
 298
 Index 299
 300
 Index 301
 302
 Index 303
 304
 Index 305
 306
 Index 307
 Marques