Pascal Compiler, Features, Compatibility | HP SunSoft Pascal 4.0

1

Pascal Compiler

The name of the Pascal compiler is pc. If given an argument ﬁle name ending with .p or .pas, pc compiles the ﬁle and leaves the result in an executable ﬁle, called a.out by default.

Features

Pascal includes many extensions to the standard, including the following:

•Separate compilation of programs and modules

•dbx (symbolic debugger) support

•Optimizer support

•Multiple label, const, type, and var declarations

•Variable-length character strings

•Compile-time initializations

•static and extern declarations

•Different sizes of integer and real data types

•Integer constants in any base, from 2 to 16

•Extended input/output facilities

•Extended library of built-in functions and procedures

•Universal and function and procedure pointer types

•Direction of parameter passing: into a routine, out of a routine, or both

•Functions that return structured-type results

Note – For other release-speciﬁc information, please refer to the README ﬁle that accompanies the product release.

Compatibility

In general, Pascal 4.0 runs in the Solaris 2.x or above operating environment. This product is not compatible with /usr/ucblib/libucb.a on the Solaris 2.x environment.

2	Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide

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HP SunSoft Pascal 4.0 manual Pascal Compiler, Features, Compatibility

Contents

Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Trademarks Contents Pascal Compiler Contents Pic, -Kpicand -PIC, -KPIC Contents Vii Program Construction and Management Viii Separate Compilation C++-Pascal Interface Error Diagnostics XView Toolkit Xii Contents Xiii Math Libraries Xiv Figures Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Tables Fortran Xviii Operating Environment InstallationPreface Audience Organization Conventions Used in This Guide AaBbCc123 Manual Shell Prompts in Command ExamplesRelated Documentation Documents in Hard Copy and in AnswerBook Readme FilesOther Related Documentation Hostname% imagetool floating-point.ps CD-ROM Introduction Standards Compatibility FeaturesPascal Compiler XView Toolkit Text EditorsDebuggers Native Language Support Internationalization Licensing Locale Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Pascal Programs Simple Pascal Program Compiling the Program Hostname% mv a.out temp Running the ProgramRenaming the Executable File Hostname% pc -o temp temp.p An Interactive Pascal Program Hello, are you listening? Redirecting I/OHostname% pc -o copy copy.p Goodbye, I must go now Using a File Name as a File Variable Hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p Where Did My Program Fail?Using Pascal Traceback Using a Sample Program with Segmentation Violation Compiling and Running the Program Using the -gOption Hostname% more a.out.trace Try compiling SegViol.p with -g Pascal Compiler Pc Version Number Compile and Link Sequence Hostname% mcs -p a.out grep Pascal Compiler Preprocessor cpp or cppas Language PreprocessorSource Optimizer File Name Extensions Accepted By pc Sufﬁx Description Hostname% pc -l rmc.p Option-Passing on the Command-LineOption-Passing in the Program Text Hostname% pc -o rmc rmc.p Option Description Options Hostname% pc options.p Bbinding Bsdmalloc Cg92 CalignCg89 Cond Config Dname=def Fast DalignDryrun Fround=r FnonstdFns Ftrap=t Hname Iname Help or -flagsIpathname Keeptmp Ldirectory Hostname% pc -l random.p Llib LibmieeeLibmil Misalign Nolib NativeNocx Nolibmil Notrace Olevel Hostname% limit datasize 16M Hostname% /usr/sbin/prtconf grep Memory OﬁlenameHostname% /usr/sbin/swap -s Hostname% pc -o myprog myprog.p -pg Using the -pOptionUsing the -pgOption Pic,-Kpic and -PIC,-KPIC Qproduce QoptionQpathpathname Rpathdir Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Examples Hostname% pc -Rw rr.p Hostname% pc -Rw recvar.p Hostname% pc -Rw with.p Commands to compile and execute with.pPascal main program, with.p with statement Hostname% pc -S rmc.p SlevelSbfast Temp=dir Hostname% pc -temp=. hello.p Time Hostname% pc -time hello.p Uname Xarch=a Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Value Meaning Limit the instruction set to V8 architecture Xcache=c S1/l1/a1 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2s3/l3/a3 Xchip=c Example -xcache=16/32/41024/32/1speciﬁes the following Xcg89 Xcg92 Xlibmieee XildoffXildon Xlibmil XMerge XlibmoptXlicinfo Xnolib Xpg Xprofile=p -xprofileValues Xregs=r Example -xregs=appl,no%float Xsbfast Xsafe=memXsb Xspace Xtarget=t XtargetExpansions Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide Pascal Compiler Ztext Program Construction Management Units Using Program Units and Module Units Program Construction and Management Compiling with UnitsHostname% pc programunit.p moduleunit.p Using Units and Header Files Sharing Variables Between Units Here is a program unit that declares a variable Program Construction and Management Libraries Separate Compilation Working with Units Sharing Variables and Routines Across Multiple Units Using Program UnitsUsing Module Units Program unit Compiling without the -xlOptionSharing Public Variables Separate Compilation Using extern Option to Share Routines Using include Files to Share Variables and Routines Module unit, incmod.p, which also includes the ﬁle Commands to compile and execute incprog.p and incmod.pProgram unit, incprog.p, which includes the ﬁle Hostname% pc incprog.p incmod.p Using the -xlOption Using public var Declarations Commands to compile and execute pubvarprog.p and pubvarmod.p Using the define Variable Attribute Using the define Declaration Commands to compile and execute defvarprog.p and defvarmod.p Using include Files Module unit Program unit, incprog2.p Module unit, incmod2.p Program unit, extprog.p Using externCommands to compile and execute incprog2.p and incmod2.p Module unit, extmod.p Commands to compile and execute extprog.p and extmod.pSharing Declarations in Multiple Units Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide C-Pascal Interface Compilation of Mixed-Language Programs Compatibility of Types for C and Pascal Hostname% cc -c myc.c Hostname% pc -calign myc.o mypascal.p C-Pascal Interface Precautions with Compatible TypesCharacter Strings Aggregate Types IncompatibilitiesArray Indexes Enumerated Types Pascal Set Types Procedure Calls C-PascalGeneral Parameter Passing in C and Pascal Commands to compile and execute Samp.p Variable Parameters Pascal procedure, SimVar.p Simple Types without -xl Simple Types with -xl Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p and SimVarMain.cPascal procedure Strings of Characters C main program Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarMain.cFixed Arrays Pascal procedure, FixVec.p Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p and FixVecMain.c Day = Univ Arrays 100 Conformant Arrays C-Pascal Interface 101 Example 1 Single-Dimension Array 102 Example 2 Multi-Dimension Array C-Pascal Interface 103 Example 3 Array of Characters 104 Records and Structures C-Pascal Interface 105 Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p and StruChrMain.c 106 Pascal routine C-Pascal Interface 107 Variant Records 108 Commands to compile and execute VarRec.p and VarRecMain.c C-Pascal Interface 109 Pascal Set Type 110 Pascal intset Type C-Pascal Interface 111 Value Parameters 112 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValMain.c C-Pascal Interface 113 Arrays 114 Pascal function Function Return ValuesSimple Types C-Pascal Interface 115 Input and Output Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p and RetRealMain.cPascal procedure, IO.p C main program, IOMain.c 116 C function, SimRef.c Procedure Calls Pascal-CHostname% cc IO.o IOMain.c -lpc C-Pascal Interface 117 118 C-Pascal Interface 119 C function, StrVar.cPascal main program, StrVarMain.p 120 Commands to compile and execute StrVar.cIncorrect use of string in static variable storage Pascal main program Commands to compile and execute FixVec.cC function, FixVec.c C-Pascal Interface 121 C function, UniVec.c 122 C function, IntCA.c C-Pascal Interface 123 124 Commands to compile and execute IntCA.c and IntCAMain.pC function, StruChr.c Calign StruChr.o StruChrMain.p Commands to compile and execute StruChr.c and StruChrMain.pStruChr.c Out C function, VarRec.c 126 C-Pascal Interface 127 Non-Pascal ProceduresCommands to compile and execute VarRec.c 128 C function, SimVal.c C-Pascal Interface 129 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.c 130 C function, RetReal.c Parameters That Are Pointers to ProceduresCommands to compile and execute RetReal.c and RetRealMain.p C function, ProcPar.c Procedures and Functions as Parameters 132 C-Pascal Interface 133 Pascal procedure, GloVar.pGlobal Variables in C and Pascal 134 C procedure, UseFilePtr.cFile-Passing Between Pascal and C C-Pascal Interface 135 136 C++-Pascal Interface Sample Interface Compatibility of Types for C++ and Pascal Procedure Calls C++-PascalPascal procedure, Samp, in the ﬁle, Samp.p ++ Name Encoding Hostname% pc -c Samp.p Arguments Passed by ReferenceC++ main program, SampMain.cc C++-Pascal Interface 139 140 Pascal procedure, SampRef, in the ﬁle, Samp.pSimple Types without the -xlOption C++ main program Commands to compile and execute SamRef.p and SamRefMain.ccSimple Types with the -xlOption Hostname% pc -c SamRef.p 142 C++-Pascal Interface 143 Commands to compile and execute StrRef.p and StrRefMain.ccHostname% pc -c StrRef.p Hostname% pc -c FixVec.p 144 C++-Pascal Interface 145 146 -calignoptionHostname% pc -c DaysOfWeek.p C++-Pascal Interface 147 Commands to compile and execute StruChr.pHostname% pc -c StruChr.p 148 C++-Pascal Interface 149 Hostname% pc -calign -c DayWeather.p Arguments Passed by ValueHostname% pc -c DayWeather.p 150 C++-Pascal Interface 151 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p 152 C++-Pascal Interface 153 Commands to compile and execute RetReal.pHostname% pc -c RetReal.p Pascal function, IO.p Input and OutputHostname% pc -c RetShortReal.p 154 Hostname% CC IO.o IOMain.cc -lpc hostname% a.out Procedure Calls Pascal-C++C++ main program, IOMain.cc C++-Pascal Interface 155 156 Simple Types Passed by ReferenceC++ function, SimRef.cc C++-Pascal Interface 157 C++ function, SimVal.cc 158 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.cc C++-Pascal Interface 159 C++ function, RetReal.cc 160 Global Variables in C++ and Pascal Pascal procedure, GloVar.p C++ main program, GloVarMain.ccCommands to compile and execute GloVar.p and GloVarMain.cc C++-Pascal Interface 161 162 C++ procedurePascal File Pointers to C++ FORTRAN-Pascal Interface Compiler Mixed-Language Programs Compatibility of Types for Fortran and Pascal 164 Real Integer Integer*2 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 165 166 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 167 Multidimensional ArraysGeneral Parameter-Passing in Fortran and Pascal Procedure Calls FORTRAN-Pascal 168 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 169 Commands to compile and execute SimVar.pFortran main program 170 Pascal procedure, StrVar.pFortran main program, StrVarmain.f FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 171 Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarmain.fFortran main program, FixVecmain.f Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p 172 Commands to compile and execute UniVec.p and UniVecmain.f FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 173 Commands to compile and execute IntCA.p 174 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 175 Commands to compile and execute ChrCA.pFortran main program, ChrCAmain.f 176 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 177 178 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 179 180 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 181 Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValmain.f 182 Pointers Pascal procedure, ChrCAx.pCommands to compile and execute ChrCAx.p FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 183 Commands to compile and execute PastPtr.p 184 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 185 Procedure Calls Pascal-FORTRANFortran main program, RetRealmain.f Fortran subroutine 186 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 187 Fortran subroutine, StrVar.f 188 Hostname% f77 -c StrVar.f Commands to compile and execute StrVar.f and StrVarmain.pCharacter Dummy Arguments Hostname% pc StrVar.o StrVarmain.p -lpfc -lF77 Following example illustrates this method 190 Commands to compile and execute FixVec.f FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 191 192 Fortran subroutine, UniVec.fPascal main program, UniVecmain.p FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 193 Commands to compile and execute UniVec.f and UniVecmain.pHostname% f77 -c UniVec.f Fortran subroutine, StruChr.f 194 Hostname% pc StruChr.o StruChrmain.p -lpfc -lF77 Commands to compile and execute StruChr.f and StruChrmain.pHostname% f77 -c StruChr.f FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 195 196 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 197 198 FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 199 200 Hostname% pc PassPtr.o PassPtrmain.p -lpfc -lF77 Commands to compile and execute PassPtr.f and PassPtrmain.pHostname% f77 -c PassPtr.f Fortran function, RetReal.f 202 Commands to compile and execute RetReal.f and RetRealmain.pRoutines as Parameters FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 203 204 Illegal Characters Error DiagnosticsCompiler Syntax Errors 206 String ErrorsDigits in Real Numbers Hostname% pc synerr.p Replacements, Insertions, and DeletionsError Diagnostics 207 208 Expected Symbols and Malformed ConstructsUndeﬁned or Improper Identiﬁers Hostname% pc synerr2.p Error Diagnostics 209Expected and Unexpected End-of-ﬁle Pascal program, mism.p Incompatible Types Compiler Semantic ErrorsFormat of the Error Diagnostics 210 Scalar Class Procedure and Function Type ErrorsError Diagnostics 211 212 Scalar Error MessagesExpression Diagnostics This program generates the following error messages Error Diagnostics 213 Type Equivalence 214 Pascal program, unreached.p Error Diagnostics 215Unreachable Statements Unused Variables, Constants, Types, Labels, and Routines Goto StatementUninitialized Variables Hostname% pc unreached.p Error Diagnostics 217 Compiler Panics, I/O ErrorsRuntime Errors 218 Error Diagnostics 219 220 XView Toolkit Overview Object-Oriented Programming ToolsObjects 222 XView Toolkit 223 Pascal InterfaceDrawable Object Window Icon Header Files Attribute ProceduresCompiling with Libraries Names Attribute Lists XView Toolkit 225 Here, mymenu is an object of type XVobject HandlesData Types 226 An Example Conversion of C to PascalCoding Fragment XView Toolkit 227 Pascal 228 Sample Translation of an XView Function to Pascal XView Toolkit 229 Sample Program 230 Menu Demo Program XView Toolkit 231 Panelbutton 232 Math Libraries Contents of the Math Libraries Libm Functions Math Libraries 235 Ieee Support Functions 236 Math Libraries 237 IeeefunctionsIeeevalues 238 Sparc LibrariesIeeeretrospective Arithmetic Exceptions Math Libraries 239 Math Library Exception-Handling Function matherr 240 Math Libraries 241 Libsunmath Support for Ieee Modes and Exceptions 242 Math Libraries 243 244 Pascal Preprocessor Conditional Variables Compiler Directives 246 %config Directive Pascal Preprocessor 247 Hostname% pc -xl config.p hostname% a.out 248 %debug Directive Output when you deﬁne twoOutput when you deﬁne foo Pascal Preprocessor 249 250 %else DirectiveHostname% pc -xl -cond debug.p hostname% a.out Pascal program, ifthenelse.p Hostname% pc -xl -config red ifthenelse.p hostname% a.out%elseif Directive Pascal Preprocessor 251 Pascal program Hostname% pc -xl -config blue elseif.p hostname% a.out%elseifdef Directive 252 Pascal Preprocessor 253 254 %enable DirectiveHostname% pc -xl -config bird2 ifdef.p hostname% a.out %endif Directive %error DirectiveHostname% pc -xl enable.p hostname% a.out Pascal Preprocessor 255 256 Error.p%exit Directive Pascal Preprocessor 257 %if DirectiveHostname% pc -xl exitdirective.p hostname% a.out %ifdef Directive 258 %include Directive Pascal Preprocessor 259 260 %list DirectiveModule unit, includemod.p Pascal program, list.p Pascal Preprocessor 261 262 %nolist DirectiveList.p %warning Directive %slibrary Directive%var Directive Pascal Preprocessor 263 264 Output when you compile warning.p without the -configoptionPc -xl warning.p Error Messages 266 Error Messages 267 Fourth argument to function must be of type type, not type 268 Error Messages 269 Function requires a to be an unpacked array, not type 270 Error Messages 271 272 Error Messages 273 274 Error Messages 275 Identiﬁer Unknown option for procedure pointer ignored option 276 Error Messages 277 278 Error Messages 279 280 Error Messages 281 Cannot mix sets with integers and reals as operands of type 282 Error Messages 283 284 Error Messages 285 286 Error Messages 287 288 Error Messages 289 Multiply defined label in case, lines number and number 290 Error Messages 291 292 Error Messages 293 OUT 294 Error Messages 295 296 Index 297 298 Index 299 300 Index 301 302 Index 303 304 Index 305 306 Index 307 Marques