Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Trademarks
Contents
Pascal Compiler
Contents
Pic, -Kpicand -PIC, -KPIC
Contents Vii
Program Construction and Management
Viii
Separate Compilation
C++-Pascal Interface
Error Diagnostics
XView Toolkit
Xii
Contents Xiii
Math Libraries
Xiv
Figures
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Tables
Fortran
Xviii
Operating Environment
Installation
Preface
Audience
Organization
Conventions Used in This Guide
AaBbCc123
Manual
Shell Prompts in Command Examples
Related Documentation
Documents in Hard Copy and in AnswerBook
Readme Files
Other Related Documentation
Hostname% imagetool floating-point.ps
CD-ROM
Introduction
Standards
Compatibility
Features
Pascal Compiler
XView Toolkit
Text Editors
Debuggers
Native Language Support
Internationalization
Licensing
Locale
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Pascal Programs
Simple Pascal Program
Compiling the Program
Hostname% mv a.out temp
Running the Program
Renaming the Executable File
Hostname% pc -o temp temp.p
An Interactive Pascal Program
Hello, are you listening?
Redirecting I/O
Hostname% pc -o copy copy.p
Goodbye, I must go now
Using a File Name as a File Variable
Hostname% pc -o copy2 copy2.p
Where Did My Program Fail?
Using Pascal Traceback
Using a Sample Program with Segmentation Violation
Compiling and Running the Program
Using the -gOption
Hostname% more a.out.trace
Try compiling SegViol.p with -g
Pascal Compiler
Pc Version Number
Compile and Link Sequence
Hostname% mcs -p a.out grep Pascal
Compiler Preprocessor cpp or cppas
Language Preprocessor
Source
Optimizer
File Name Extensions Accepted By pc
Suffix Description
Hostname% pc -l rmc.p
Option-Passing on the Command-Line
Option-Passing in the Program Text
Hostname% pc -o rmc rmc.p
Option Description
Options
Hostname% pc options.p
Bbinding
Bsdmalloc
Cg92
Calign
Cg89
Cond
Config
Dname=def
Fast
Dalign
Dryrun
Fround=r
Fnonstd
Fns
Ftrap=t
Hname
Iname
Help or -flags
Ipathname
Keeptmp
Ldirectory
Hostname% pc -l random.p
Llib
Libmieee
Libmil
Misalign
Nolib
Native
Nocx
Nolibmil
Notrace
Olevel
Hostname% limit datasize 16M
Hostname% /usr/sbin/prtconf grep Memory
Ofilename
Hostname% /usr/sbin/swap -s
Hostname% pc -o myprog myprog.p
-pg
Using the -pOption
Using the -pgOption
Pic,-Kpic and -PIC,-KPIC
Qproduce
Qoption
Qpathpathname
Rpathdir
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Examples
Hostname% pc -Rw rr.p
Hostname% pc -Rw recvar.p
Hostname% pc -Rw with.p
Commands to compile and execute with.p
Pascal main program, with.p with statement
Hostname% pc -S rmc.p
Slevel
Sbfast
Temp=dir
Hostname% pc -temp=. hello.p
Time
Hostname% pc -time hello.p
Uname
Xarch=a
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Value Meaning
Limit the instruction set to V8 architecture
Xcache=c
S1/l1/a1 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2 S1/l1/a1s2/l2/a2s3/l3/a3
Xchip=c
Example -xcache=16/32/41024/32/1specifies the following
Xcg89
Xcg92
Xlibmieee
Xildoff
Xildon
Xlibmil
XMerge
Xlibmopt
Xlicinfo
Xnolib
Xpg
Xprofile=p
-xprofileValues
Xregs=r
Example -xregs=appl,no%float
Xsbfast
Xsafe=mem
Xsb
Xspace
Xtarget=t
XtargetExpansions
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
Pascal Compiler
Ztext
Program Construction Management
Units
Using Program Units and Module Units
Program Construction and Management
Compiling with Units
Hostname% pc programunit.p moduleunit.p
Using Units and Header Files
Sharing Variables Between Units
Here is a program unit that declares a variable
Program Construction and Management
Libraries
Separate Compilation
Working with Units
Sharing Variables and Routines Across Multiple Units
Using Program Units
Using Module Units
Program unit
Compiling without the -xlOption
Sharing Public Variables
Separate Compilation
Using extern Option to Share Routines
Using include Files to Share Variables and Routines
Module unit, incmod.p, which also includes the file
Commands to compile and execute incprog.p and incmod.p
Program unit, incprog.p, which includes the file
Hostname% pc incprog.p incmod.p
Using the -xlOption
Using public var Declarations
Commands to compile and execute pubvarprog.p and pubvarmod.p
Using the define Variable Attribute
Using the define Declaration
Commands to compile and execute defvarprog.p and defvarmod.p
Using include Files
Module unit
Program unit, incprog2.p Module unit, incmod2.p
Program unit, extprog.p
Using extern
Commands to compile and execute incprog2.p and incmod2.p
Module unit, extmod.p
Commands to compile and execute extprog.p and extmod.p
Sharing Declarations in Multiple Units
Pascal 4.0 User’s Guide
C-Pascal Interface
Compilation of Mixed-Language Programs
Compatibility of Types for C and Pascal
Hostname% cc -c myc.c Hostname% pc -calign myc.o mypascal.p
C-Pascal Interface
Precautions with Compatible Types
Character Strings
Aggregate Types
Incompatibilities
Array Indexes
Enumerated Types
Pascal Set Types
Procedure Calls C-Pascal
General Parameter Passing in C and Pascal
Commands to compile and execute Samp.p
Variable Parameters
Pascal procedure, SimVar.p
Simple Types without -xl
Simple Types with -xl
Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p and SimVarMain.c
Pascal procedure
Strings of Characters
C main program
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarMain.c
Fixed Arrays
Pascal procedure, FixVec.p
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p and FixVecMain.c
Day =
Univ Arrays
100
Conformant Arrays
C-Pascal Interface 101
Example 1 Single-Dimension Array
102
Example 2 Multi-Dimension Array
C-Pascal Interface 103
Example 3 Array of Characters
104
Records and Structures
C-Pascal Interface 105
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p and StruChrMain.c
106
Pascal routine
C-Pascal Interface 107
Variant Records
108
Commands to compile and execute VarRec.p and VarRecMain.c
C-Pascal Interface 109
Pascal Set Type
110
Pascal intset Type
C-Pascal Interface 111
Value Parameters
112
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValMain.c
C-Pascal Interface 113
Arrays
114
Pascal function
Function Return Values
Simple Types
C-Pascal Interface 115
Input and Output
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p and RetRealMain.c
Pascal procedure, IO.p C main program, IOMain.c
116
C function, SimRef.c
Procedure Calls Pascal-C
Hostname% cc IO.o IOMain.c -lpc
C-Pascal Interface 117
118
C-Pascal Interface 119
C function, StrVar.c
Pascal main program, StrVarMain.p
120
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.c
Incorrect use of string in static variable storage
Pascal main program
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.c
C function, FixVec.c
C-Pascal Interface 121
C function, UniVec.c
122
C function, IntCA.c
C-Pascal Interface 123
124
Commands to compile and execute IntCA.c and IntCAMain.p
C function, StruChr.c
Calign StruChr.o StruChrMain.p
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.c and StruChrMain.p
StruChr.c
Out
C function, VarRec.c
126
C-Pascal Interface 127
Non-Pascal Procedures
Commands to compile and execute VarRec.c
128
C function, SimVal.c
C-Pascal Interface 129
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.c
130
C function, RetReal.c
Parameters That Are Pointers to Procedures
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.c and RetRealMain.p
C function, ProcPar.c
Procedures and Functions as Parameters
132
C-Pascal Interface 133
Pascal procedure, GloVar.p
Global Variables in C and Pascal
134
C procedure, UseFilePtr.c
File-Passing Between Pascal and C
C-Pascal Interface 135
136
C++-Pascal Interface
Sample Interface
Compatibility of Types for C++ and Pascal
Procedure Calls C++-Pascal
Pascal procedure, Samp, in the file, Samp.p
++ Name Encoding
Hostname% pc -c Samp.p
Arguments Passed by Reference
C++ main program, SampMain.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 139
140
Pascal procedure, SampRef, in the file, Samp.p
Simple Types without the -xlOption
C++ main program
Commands to compile and execute SamRef.p and SamRefMain.cc
Simple Types with the -xlOption
Hostname% pc -c SamRef.p
142
C++-Pascal Interface 143
Commands to compile and execute StrRef.p and StrRefMain.cc
Hostname% pc -c StrRef.p
Hostname% pc -c FixVec.p
144
C++-Pascal Interface 145
146
-calignoption
Hostname% pc -c DaysOfWeek.p
C++-Pascal Interface 147
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.p
Hostname% pc -c StruChr.p
148
C++-Pascal Interface 149
Hostname% pc -calign -c DayWeather.p
Arguments Passed by Value
Hostname% pc -c DayWeather.p
150
C++-Pascal Interface 151
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p
152
C++-Pascal Interface 153
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.p
Hostname% pc -c RetReal.p
Pascal function, IO.p
Input and Output
Hostname% pc -c RetShortReal.p
154
Hostname% CC IO.o IOMain.cc -lpc hostname% a.out
Procedure Calls Pascal-C++
C++ main program, IOMain.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 155
156
Simple Types Passed by Reference
C++ function, SimRef.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 157
C++ function, SimVal.cc
158
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 159
C++ function, RetReal.cc
160
Global Variables in C++ and Pascal
Pascal procedure, GloVar.p C++ main program, GloVarMain.cc
Commands to compile and execute GloVar.p and GloVarMain.cc
C++-Pascal Interface 161
162
C++ procedure
Pascal File Pointers to C++
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface
Compiler Mixed-Language Programs
Compatibility of Types for Fortran and Pascal
164
Real Integer Integer*2
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 165
166
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 167
Multidimensional Arrays
General Parameter-Passing in Fortran and Pascal
Procedure Calls FORTRAN-Pascal
168
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 169
Commands to compile and execute SimVar.p
Fortran main program
170
Pascal procedure, StrVar.p
Fortran main program, StrVarmain.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 171
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.p and StrVarmain.f
Fortran main program, FixVecmain.f
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.p
172
Commands to compile and execute UniVec.p and UniVecmain.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 173
Commands to compile and execute IntCA.p
174
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 175
Commands to compile and execute ChrCA.p
Fortran main program, ChrCAmain.f
176
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 177
178
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 179
180
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 181
Commands to compile and execute SimVal.p and SimValmain.f
182
Pointers
Pascal procedure, ChrCAx.p
Commands to compile and execute ChrCAx.p
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 183
Commands to compile and execute PastPtr.p
184
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 185
Procedure Calls Pascal-FORTRAN
Fortran main program, RetRealmain.f
Fortran subroutine
186
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 187
Fortran subroutine, StrVar.f
188
Hostname% f77 -c StrVar.f
Commands to compile and execute StrVar.f and StrVarmain.p
Character Dummy Arguments
Hostname% pc StrVar.o StrVarmain.p -lpfc -lF77
Following example illustrates this method
190
Commands to compile and execute FixVec.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 191
192
Fortran subroutine, UniVec.f
Pascal main program, UniVecmain.p
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 193
Commands to compile and execute UniVec.f and UniVecmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c UniVec.f
Fortran subroutine, StruChr.f
194
Hostname% pc StruChr.o StruChrmain.p -lpfc -lF77
Commands to compile and execute StruChr.f and StruChrmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c StruChr.f
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 195
196
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 197
198
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 199
200
Hostname% pc PassPtr.o PassPtrmain.p -lpfc -lF77
Commands to compile and execute PassPtr.f and PassPtrmain.p
Hostname% f77 -c PassPtr.f
Fortran function, RetReal.f
202
Commands to compile and execute RetReal.f and RetRealmain.p
Routines as Parameters
FORTRAN-Pascal Interface 203
204
Illegal Characters
Error Diagnostics
Compiler Syntax Errors
206
String Errors
Digits in Real Numbers
Hostname% pc synerr.p
Replacements, Insertions, and Deletions
Error Diagnostics 207
208
Expected Symbols and Malformed Constructs
Undefined or Improper Identifiers
Hostname% pc synerr2.p
Error Diagnostics 209
Expected and Unexpected End-of-file
Pascal program, mism.p
Incompatible Types
Compiler Semantic Errors
Format of the Error Diagnostics
210
Scalar Class
Procedure and Function Type Errors
Error Diagnostics 211
212
Scalar Error Messages
Expression Diagnostics
This program generates the following error messages
Error Diagnostics 213
Type Equivalence
214
Pascal program, unreached.p
Error Diagnostics 215
Unreachable Statements
Unused Variables, Constants, Types, Labels, and Routines
Goto Statement
Uninitialized Variables
Hostname% pc unreached.p
Error Diagnostics 217
Compiler Panics, I/O Errors
Runtime Errors
218
Error Diagnostics 219
220
XView Toolkit
Overview
Object-Oriented Programming
Tools
Objects
222
XView Toolkit 223
Pascal Interface
Drawable Object Window Icon
Header Files
Attribute Procedures
Compiling with Libraries
Names
Attribute Lists
XView Toolkit 225
Here, mymenu is an object of type XVobject
Handles
Data Types
226
An Example
Conversion of C to Pascal
Coding Fragment
XView Toolkit 227
Pascal
228
Sample Translation of an XView Function to Pascal
XView Toolkit 229
Sample Program
230
Menu Demo Program
XView Toolkit 231
Panelbutton
232
Math Libraries
Contents of the Math Libraries
Libm Functions
Math Libraries 235
Ieee Support Functions
236
Math Libraries 237
Ieeefunctions
Ieeevalues
238
Sparc Libraries
Ieeeretrospective
Arithmetic Exceptions
Math Libraries 239
Math Library Exception-Handling Function matherr
240
Math Libraries 241
Libsunmath Support for Ieee Modes and Exceptions
242
Math Libraries 243
244
Pascal Preprocessor
Conditional Variables
Compiler Directives
246
%config Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 247
Hostname% pc -xl config.p hostname% a.out
248
%debug Directive
Output when you define two
Output when you define foo
Pascal Preprocessor 249
250
%else Directive
Hostname% pc -xl -cond debug.p hostname% a.out
Pascal program, ifthenelse.p
Hostname% pc -xl -config red ifthenelse.p hostname% a.out
%elseif Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 251
Pascal program
Hostname% pc -xl -config blue elseif.p hostname% a.out
%elseifdef Directive
252
Pascal Preprocessor 253
254
%enable Directive
Hostname% pc -xl -config bird2 ifdef.p hostname% a.out
%endif Directive
%error Directive
Hostname% pc -xl enable.p hostname% a.out
Pascal Preprocessor 255
256
Error.p
%exit Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 257
%if Directive
Hostname% pc -xl exitdirective.p hostname% a.out
%ifdef Directive
258
%include Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 259
260
%list Directive
Module unit, includemod.p
Pascal program, list.p
Pascal Preprocessor 261
262
%nolist Directive
List.p
%warning Directive
%slibrary Directive
%var Directive
Pascal Preprocessor 263
264
Output when you compile warning.p without the -configoption
Pc -xl warning.p
Error Messages
266
Error Messages 267
Fourth argument to function must be of type type, not type
268
Error Messages 269
Function requires a to be an unpacked array, not type
270
Error Messages 271
272
Error Messages 273
274
Error Messages 275
Identifier
Unknown option for procedure pointer ignored option
276
Error Messages 277
278
Error Messages 279
280
Error Messages 281
Cannot mix sets with integers and reals as operands of type
282
Error Messages 283
284
Error Messages 285
286
Error Messages 287
288
Error Messages 289
Multiply defined label in case, lines number and number
290
Error Messages 291
292
Error Messages 293
OUT
294
Error Messages 295
296
Index
297
298
Index 299
300
Index 301
302
Index 303
304
Index 305
306
Index 307
Marques