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National Instruments ICDM ICDM Main Window , PID Synthesis Window, Root Locus Synthesis Window, Pole Place Synthesis Window

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Chapter 2 Introduction to SISO Design

Xmath Interactive Control Design Module 2-4 ni.com

These are briefly described in the following sections, and in more detail in

later chapters. Several of these windows have different forms for SISO and

MIMO design. This chapter restricts the discussion to the SISO forms.

Refer to Chapter 11, Introduction to MIMO Design, for a discussion of the

MIMO forms.

ICDM Main Window

The most important window is the ICDM Main window, which is used to:

• Communicate with Xmath (for example, transfer plants/controllers

from/to Xmath).

• Display warning and log messages.

• Display a variety of standard plots.

• Select a synthesis method for controller design.

• Control several auxiliary windows.

PID Synthesis Window

The PID Synthesis window is used to synthesize a PID controller, with up

to two additional poles (usually used for high frequency rolloff). Each term

can be separately toggled on and off, so the PID window can be used to

synthesize P, PD, PI, PID, lead-lag, and lag-lead controllers. The design

parameters can be typed in, manipulated graphically by slider controls, or

manipulated graphically on a Bode plot of the controller transfer function.

Root Locus Synthesis Window

The Root Locus window can be used in many ways for synthesis and

analysis of controllers. It can display a conventional root locus in near

real-time, while the user drags controller poles and zeros. The user can

graphically create or destroy controller poles and zeros. The closed-loop

poles can be dragged along the root locus plot, which causes the gain

parameter to be set automatically. Nonconventional phase and gain

contours can be plotted as an aid to controller synthesis or robustness

analysis.

Pole Place Synthesis Window

The Pole Place Synthesis window is used to design a controller by

assigning the closed-loop poles. The closed-loop poles can be typed in, or

dragged on a plot. The closed-loop poles can be scaled in frequency or time

by graphical input, or assigned to a Butterworth configuration. The pole

place window supports integral action as an option.

Contents

Main Page Important Information Warranty Copyright Trademarks Patents Conventions Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Introduction to SISO Design Chapter 3 ICDM Main Window Chapter 4 PID Synthesis Chapter 5 Root Locus Synthesis Chapter 6 Pole Place Synthesis Chapter 7 LQG Synthesis Chapter 8 H-Infinity Synthesis Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Alternate Plant Window Chapter 11 Introduction to MIMO Design Chapter 12 LQG/H-Infinity Synthesis Page Introduction Using This Manual Document Organization Page Commonly-Used Nomenclature Related Publications MATRIXx Help ICDM Overview SISO Versus MIMO Design Starting ICDM Page Introduction to SISO Design SISO Design Overview Basic SISO Terminology Page Overview of ICDM ICDM Windows ICDM Main Window PID Synthesis Window Root Locus Synthesis Window Pole Place Synthesis Window LQG Synthesis Window H-Infinity Synthesis Window Alternate Plant Window Key Transfer Functions and Data Flow in ICDM Summary Origin of the Controller What the ICDM Main Window Plots Show Controller/Synthesis Window Compatibilities Page Using ICDM G G Page Zooming Data-Viewing Plots Interactive Plot Re-ranging Graphically Manipulating Poles and Zeros Editing Poles and Zeros Editing Poles and Zeros Graphically Complex Poles and Zeros Isolated Real Poles and Zeros Nonisolated Real Poles and Zeros and Almost Real Pairs Adding/Deleting Poles and Zeros Adding/Deleting Pole-Zero Pairs Page ICDM Main Window Communicating with Xmath Most Common Usage Default Plants Saving and Restoring an ICDM Session Reading Another Plant into ICDM Reading a Controller from Xmath into ICDM Writing the Plant Back to Xmath Writing the Alternate Plant back to Xmath Writing a Controller on the History List to Xmath ICDM Plots Selecting Plots Ranges of Plots Plot Magnify Windows Page Selecting a Synthesis or History Window Edit Menu PID Synthesis PID Controller Terms Toggling Controller Terms On and Off Page Opening the PID Synthesis Window Manipulating the Controller Parameters Time Versus Frequency Parameters Ranges of Sliders and Plots Controller Term Normalizations Integral Term Normalization Derivative Term Normalization Rolloff Term Normalization Root Locus Synthesis Overview Page Opening the Root Locus Synthesis Window Terminology Plotting Styles Phase Contours Magnitude Contours Slider and Plot Ranges Manipulating the Parameters Design Adding a Pole-Zero Pair Deleting Pole-Zero Pairs Interpreting the Nonstandard Contour Plots Page Pole Place Synthesis Pole Place Modes Normal Mode Integral Action Mode State-Space Interpretation Opening the Pole Place Window Manipulating the Closed-Loop Poles Time and Frequency Scaling Butterworth Configuration Editing the Closed-Loop Poles Slider and Plot Ranges LQG Synthesis LQG Synthesis Window Anatomy Page Synthesis Modes Opening the LQG Synthesis Window Setup and Terminology Standard LQG (All Toggle Buttons Off) Exponential Time Weighting Output Weight Editing State-Space Interpretation Manipulating the Design Parameters Graphically Page H-Infinity Synthesis H-Infinity Synthesis Window Anatomy Page Opening the Synthesis Window Setup and Synthesis Method Central H-Infinity Controller Output Weight Editing Manipulating the Weight Transfer Function Infeasible Parameter Values Page History Window Saving the Current Controller on the History List Opening the History Window History Window Anatomy Selecting the Active Controller Editing the Comments Deleting History List Entries To Continue Designing from a Saved Controller Cycling Through Designs Writing a Saved Design to Xmath Page Alternate Plant Window Role and Use of Plant and Alternate Plant Displaying the Alternate Plant Responses Alternate Plant Window Anatomy Page Normalization Manipulating the Parameters Using the Alternate Plant Window Robustness to Plant Variations Adding Unmodeled Dynamics Ranges of Sliders and Plot Introduction to MIMO Design Basic Terminology for MIMO Systems Feedback System Configuration Transfer Functions Page Page Overview of ICDM for MIMO Design ICDM MIMO Windows Main Window MIMO Plot Window Alternate Plant Window (MIMO Version) Page LQG/H-Infinity Synthesis LQG/H-Infinity Main Window LQG/H-Infinity Weights Window Page Page Decay Rate Window H-Infinity Performance Window Frequency Weights Window Synthesis Modes and Window Usage Opening the LQG/H-Infinity Synthesis Window Setup and Terminology Page Chapter 12 LQG/H-Infinity Synthesis Xmath Interactive Control Design Module 12-10 ni.com Figure 12-6. LQG/H-Infinity Control Design Configuration w How to Select w, u, y, and z H-Infinity Solution Page Main Window Page Multi-Loop Synthesis Multi-Loop Window Anatomy Page Setup and Synthesis Method Multi-Loop Versus Multivariable Design Page Page Page Opening the Multi-Loop Synthesis Window Designing a Multi-Loop Controller Graphical Editor Selecting and Deselecting Loops Editing and Deleting Loops Loop Gain Magnitude and Phase A Using an Xmath GUI Tool Overview Interacting with a GUI Application GUI Functions GUI Objects Page Page Page B Technical Support and Professional Services Index A B C D G H I K L R S T W Z