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3Com 2500 manual Bridging And Routing In The Lanplex System

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3-8 CHAPTER 3: BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX® SYSTEM

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3Com 2500 manual Bridging And Routing In The Lanplex System

Contents

SWITCHING USER GUIDE LANPLEX 2500 EXTENDEDPublished November Revision 3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza Santa Clara, California PART II VIRTUAL LAN TECHNOLOGY CONTENTSPART I GETTING STARTED 1 LANPLEX EXTENDED SWITCHING FEATURESPART III ABOUT ROUTING PROTOCOLS 3 BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEM4 ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY 5 ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST Service Advertising Protocol SAPInternetwork Service Information 6 ROUTING WITH IPX9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING PART IV ADMINISTERING EXTENDED SWITCHING FEATURES8 ADMINISTERING VLANS 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTING13 REMOTE MONITORING RMON TECHNOLOGY PART V REMOTE MONITORING RMON AND THE LANPLEX SYSTEMPART VI APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SUPPORTINDEX Support from 3Com A-4 Returning Products for Repair A-4LANplex system ABOUT THIS GUIDEIntroduction the information in this guide, follow the release notesCautions alert you to personal safety risk, system damage ConventionsInformation notes call attention to important features or Warnings alert you to the risk of severe personal injurysystem software Update LANplex 2500 DocumentationLANplex 2500 Unpacking Instructions commandsLANplex 2500 Software Release Notes LANplex 2500 Administration Console User GuideLANplex 2500 Extended Switching User Guide This book LANplex 2500 Getting StartedModule Installation Guides Example LANplex 2500 Operation GuidePlease include the following information when commenting 6 ABOUT THIS GUIDE About LANplex FEATURESSwitching ExtendedUsing Menus Switching softwareUsing Menus Figure 1-1 Bridge Menu HierarchyFigure 1-2 IP Menu Hierarchy Figure 1-3 IPX Menu Hierarchy Figure 1-4 Appletalk Menu Hierarchy VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEMAbout VLANs Protocol-Sensitive VLANS MAC Address Group VLANSApplication-Oriented VLANS 2-2 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEMVLAN Conﬁguration Protocol Suite About VLANsSwitch Ports Layer 3 Addressing Information2-4 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM The ﬂood domain for protocols not supported by any VLAN in the system Is flooded on XNS data received matches no protocolPorts IPX data received matches IPX VLAN on theFor example, two IP VLANs can be conﬁgured for ports 1-10 as follows For example, to create an IP interface that can route through a VLAN For example IP VLAN subnet 157.103.54.0 with subnet mask of VLAN Examples Example Figure 2-1 Example of a Protocol-Sensitive VLAN ConﬁgurationLANplex 2500 Power Run Example2-12 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEMFigure 3-1 Traditional Architecture of a Routed Network What Is Routing? Figure 3-3 Multiple Ports per Subnets with the LANplex 2500 SystemBridging and Routing ModelsFigure 3-4 Bridging in the Traditional Bridging and Routing Model 1 The packet enters the LANplex system Figure 3-7 Routing in the LANplex Bridging and Routing Model 3-8 CHAPTER 3 BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEM ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY IP Routing andthe OSI Model Elements of IP RoutingAddress Classes 158.101 is the network part 230 is the subnet part The routing table consists of the following elements Dynamic Routes Using RIP Static RoutesDefault Route Figure 4-7 Example of an ARP Request Packet Errors IP RoutingTransmission User Guide for information about how to conﬁgure ATM ports Routing withClassical IP over RFC 792. Internet Control Message Protocol Speciﬁcation ReferencesRFC 791. Internet Protocol Speciﬁcation RFC 1009. Requirements for Internet Gateways4-12 CHAPTER 4 ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY Multicast Routing ROUTING WITH IP MULTICASTAbout IP IGMPYou can gain access to the MBONE through any Internet service DVMRPMBONE multicast tunnels or routing interfaces when connected to the MBONEAlgorithms routing Figure 5-1 shows a simple network with ﬁve links Multicast Interfaces5-6 CHAPTER 5 ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST the NetWare ROUTING WITH IPXIPX Routing in EnvironmentService Advertisement Protocol SAP Internet Packet Exchange IPX Routing Information Protocol RIPbe provided by protocols above IPX Protocol RIP IPX Routing in the NetWare EnvironmentFigure 6-2 shows the IPX packet format The packet format consists of the following elements Sending Node’s Responsibility Router’s Responsibility The Elements of IPX Routing6-8 CHAPTER 6 ROUTING WITH IPX Aging Timer - The time since the network’s last update Selecting the Best Route SAP Packet Structure A SAP packet consists of the following ﬁelds Server Information Table Server Information Maintenance elapsed since information was received concerning a particular table entry. Since this information is either new or changed, the SAP agent that receives this information immediately passes it on, and the change is quickly learned throughout the internetwork 6-16 CHAPTER 6 ROUTING WITH IPX AppleTalk ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK 7 ENVIRONMENTAbout AppleTalk NetworkNamed Entities 7-2 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENTFigure 7-1 AppleTalk Networks and AppleTalk Zones Protocols designate a seed router through the Administration ConsoleAppleTalk Figure 7-2 AppleTalk Protocols and the OSI Reference Model Transport Layer Protocols The network range The distance in hops to the destination network 7-8 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT InterfaceAn AppleTalk internet has four session-layer protocols AppleTalk Session Layer Protocol ASP Printer Access Protocol PAPThe Session Layer Protocols Zone Information Protocol ZIP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol ADSPmapping for both extended and nonextended networks About AARPdescription language used by many printers another probe packetAbout AARP 7-117-12 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT ADMINISTERING VLANS Displaying VLAN InformationA system-assigned index used for identifying a particular VLAN Example of a detailed display for the VLANsTable 8-1 describes these statistics A 16-byte character string intended to identify the members of theDeﬁning VLAN Information Modifying VLAN Information The maximum number of VLANs you can deﬁne on a single bridge isInformation Removing VLAN Informationbridge vlan remove 8-6 CHAPTER 8 ADMINISTERING VLANS ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING Administeringinterfaces Type - The IP interface is one of these types this option, the system displays a list of available VLAN indexes and the bridge ports associated with them 9-4 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING ip interface define2 Enter the IP address of the interface Enter subnet mask 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 Enter cost 9-6 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTINGEnter IP address Enter interface type vlan, lis vlan1 PVC associated with the interface index 2. Do you wish ip interface modifyip interface remove to continue yes/no yesip interface addAdvertisement Select interface index 1 Enter advertisement address 158.101.255.1ip interface removeAdvertisement Administering Routes RoutesAdministering ip interface addPvcRoute goes to a directly connected network Route was learned using indicated protocol9-10 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING Route was learned but is partially timed outMetric ip route displayip route static LearnedRIPip route remove Enter destination IP address Enter subnet mask 255.255.0.0Enter gateway IP address ip route fluship route default the ARP CacheAdministering ip route noDefaultip arp You can display the contents of the ARP cache for your systemTo display the contents of the ARP cache, enter the following command displayATM ARP Servers Administeringand must belong to the same IP subnet ip atmArpServer remove ip atmArpServer defineSelect ATM port Enter IP address Enter subnet mask Select ATM ARP server indexes 1-2,allip atmArpServer arp Administering ATM ARP Servers9-17 displayUDP Helper AdministeringARP Cache ip udpHelper define You can remove a port number or IP forwarding address deﬁned for UDPip udpHelper display ip udpHelper removeip udpHelper threshold Enabling and Disabling IP Routingip udpHelper hopCountLimit ip routingSetting the RIP Enabling and Disabling ICMP Router DiscoveryMode Pinging an IP Station ip ripip ping Displaying IP Statistics ip statistics9-24 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTINGEnabling and Disabling DVMRP Enabling andDisabling IGMP Multicast Administering IPThe IP multicast interface selections allow you to enable and disable InterfacesDisplaying To display a multicast interface From the top level of the Administration Console, enterRate Limit Multicast InterfacesEnter an IP interface index 1 Enter Interface DVMRP metric 1 ip multicast interface disableip multicast interface enable Enter Interface TTL threshold Enter interface rate limit in KBits/secAdministering Multicast Tunnelsmulticast internetworks through one or more unicast routers LANplex router and then the characteristics of the tunnel. Tunnelip multicast tunnel define Administering Multicast Tunnels10-7 ip multicast tunnel removeTo display all available routes in the IP multicast routing table Displaying Routes1 From top level of the Administration Console, enter The DVMRP status and IGMP status appear on the screenDisplaying the Multicast Cache ip multicast cacheDisplay10-10 CHAPTER 10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING ExampleThe following display shows the multicast cache conﬁguration angle bracket, beneath the subnetwork entries, are multicast Table 10-2 describes the ﬁelds in the cache displaybracket indicate a multicast subnetwork. Entries without an Interface number on which that gateway is connected. Traffic is10-12 CHAPTER 10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING IPX network address - The network administrator sets this 4-byte Administeringassociated with it. Each switching module has one IPX interface Interfacessystem as well as IPX interface information When you deﬁne an interface, you deﬁne the interface’s IPX addressAs shown in the following example, the current conﬁguration is cost, format, and the associated IPX VLAN index11-4 CHAPTER 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING ipx interface modifyipx interface remove Hops - The number of routers that must be crossed to reach the AdministeringRoutes Tics - An estimate of how long it will take the packet to reach thisTo display the contents of the routing table, from the Administration ipx route remove Enter IPX address 0x45469f30 Enter Cost Enter Interface numberEnter node address 08-00-3e-22-15-78 ipx route flushServers Administeringserver table using the Administration Console Server Table servers are learned and if they are operational 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter ipx server removeipx server flush Setting the RIP Setting IPXForwarding another when required. When you disable IPX forwarding, the system11-12 CHAPTER 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING Setting theEnhanced RIP ModeMode Setting the SAP2 Enter the SAP mode off, passive, or active. To use the value in ipx sapTo display IPX summary statistics, from the Administration Console DisplayingStatistics IPX RIP statisticsExample below Table 11-2 describers the IPX RIP statisticsipx statistics rip Number of IPX SAP Requests that have been processed ipx statistics sapNumber of IPX SAP Responses that have been processed SAP GNS RequestsDisplaying Statistics IPX forwarding is enabled, RIP is active, SAP is activeNetBIOS Max Hops 11-17Number of IPX packets dropped due to IPX Network Number of IPX NetBIOS packets that exceeded theNumber of IPX packets forwarded by the IPX router Number of IPX packet dropped due to IPX AddressAppleTalk protocol to route packets. For more information on how ADMINISTERING APPLETALK 12 ROUTINGThis chapter describes how to set up your LANplex system to use the AppleTalk routing works, see Chapter 7 Routing with AppleTalkAdministering associated AppleTalk interfaceYou can conﬁgure a maximum of 32 interfaces per router InterfacesConfigure seed interface? n,y y appletalk interface displayappletalk interface define You can enter up to 16 zone names per interface appletalk interface removeAdministering RoutesProtocol RTMP. RTMP deﬁnes 1 the rules for exchanging information 12-6 CHAPTER 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTING appletalk route flushstatically-assigned 48-bit addresses used by Ethernet and token ring 12-8 CHAPTER 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTING appletalk aarp displayAt the Administration Console’s top-level menu, enter appletalk aarp removeappletalk aarp flush Displaying the Zone Table appletalk zone display networkappletalk zone display zone Zone Table by Network Numbers Conﬁguring ForwardingConfiguring Forwarding Zone Table by ZonesConﬁguring Checksum Pinging an AppleTalk NodeTotal number of packets received, including those with errors Total number of packets forwarded, including those with errorsappletalk statistics ddp data length was less than the data length specified in the DDP Number of DDP datagrams which were dropped because of aappletalk statistics rtmp To display ZIP statistics From the Administration Console top-level menu, enterDisplaying ZIP Information appletalk statistics zipoutGniRequests Number of ZIP packets received that were rejected for any errorthe zone invalid bit set because the corresponding GetNetInfo Number of times a conflict has been detected between this entity’sNumber of ZIP GetNetInfo reply packets sent out of this port Viewing Appletalk Statistics12-17 zone invalid bit set in response to a GetNetInfo request with anNumber of NBP packets received that were rejected for any error Table 12-4 describes the NBP statistics you can viewREMOTE MONITORING RMON AND THE LANPLEX SYSTEM Chapter 13 Remote Monitoring RMON TechnologyREMOTE MONITORING RMON 13 TECHNOLOGY An RMON implementation offers solutions to both of these problems Table 13-1 lists these supported groups13-2 CHAPTER 13 REMOTE MONITORING RMON TECHNOLOGY implementing many probes in a large network can be high Extended Switching System software as ASN.1 ﬁles ManagementInformation Base store data in the MIBThe displayed information includes these items instances of when counters exceed their set threshold Alarmsstatistics counters associated with it exceeds a preset threshold, the alarm reports this occurrenceFigure 13-3 Manually Set Thresholds generates an alarm only under the following conditions APPENDIX Appendix A Technical SupportServices TECHNICAL SUPPORTOn-line Technical Access by Digital Modem Support from Your NetworkSupplier to ﬁnd your authorized service provider. Use one of these numbers 3ComIn the U.S. and Canada, call 800 876-3266 for customer service Support fromINDEX NumericsSee also RIP See also SAP Page Page See also FDDI station statistics