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3Com 2500 manual Routing With Ip Multicast, Routing With Ipx, About IP Multicast Routing

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5ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST

5ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST

About IP Multicast Routing				5-1
IGMP	5-1
DVMRP	5-2
The MBONE 5-2
Multicast Routing
Algorithms		5-3
Flooding		5-3
Spanning Trees			5-3
Reverse Path Forwarding				5-4
Pruning		5-5
Multicast Interfaces			5-5
DVMRP Metric Value 5-5
Time-To-Live (TTL) Threshold 5-5
Rate Limit		5-6
Multicast Tunnels			5-6

6ROUTING WITH IPX

IPX Routing in the NetWare® Environment					6-1
Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) 6-2
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)				6-3
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)				6-3
How IPX Routing Works		6-4
IPX Packet Format		6-4
IPX Packet Delivery		6-6
Sending Node’s Responsibility				6-6
Router’s Responsibility			6-7
The Elements of
IPX Routing 6-8
Router Interfaces	6-8
Routing Tables	6-8
Generating Routing Table Information 6-9
Selecting the Best Route			6-10
Service Advertising Protocol			6-10
Internetwork Service Information					6-10
SAP Packet Structure 6-11
Server Information Table			6-13
Server Information Maintenance					6-14

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3Com 2500 Routing With Ip Multicast, Routing With Ipx, About IP Multicast Routing, Multicast Tunnels, IPX Packet Format

Contents

Published November Revision SWITCHING USER GUIDELANPLEX 2500 EXTENDED 3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza Santa Clara, California PART I GETTING STARTED CONTENTSPART II VIRTUAL LAN TECHNOLOGY 1 LANPLEX EXTENDED SWITCHING FEATURES4 ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY PART III ABOUT ROUTING PROTOCOLS3 BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEM Internetwork Service Information Service Advertising Protocol SAP5 ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST 6 ROUTING WITH IPX8 ADMINISTERING VLANS PART IV ADMINISTERING EXTENDED SWITCHING FEATURES9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTING 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTINGPART VI APPENDIX PART V REMOTE MONITORING RMON AND THE LANPLEX SYSTEM13 REMOTE MONITORING RMON TECHNOLOGY A TECHNICAL SUPPORTSupport from 3Com A-4 Returning Products for Repair A-4 INDEXIntroduction ABOUT THIS GUIDELANplex system the information in this guide, follow the release notesInformation notes call attention to important features or ConventionsCautions alert you to personal safety risk, system damage Warnings alert you to the risk of severe personal injuryLANplex 2500 Unpacking Instructions LANplex 2500 Documentationsystem software Update commandsLANplex 2500 Extended Switching User Guide This book LANplex 2500 Administration Console User GuideLANplex 2500 Software Release Notes LANplex 2500 Getting StartedPlease include the following information when commenting Module Installation GuidesExample LANplex 2500 Operation Guide 6 ABOUT THIS GUIDE Switching FEATURESAbout LANplex ExtendedSwitching software Using MenusFigure 1-1 Bridge Menu Hierarchy Using MenusFigure 1-2 IP Menu Hierarchy Figure 1-3 IPX Menu Hierarchy Figure 1-4 Appletalk Menu Hierarchy About VLANs VLANS ON THELANPLEX SYSTEM Application-Oriented VLANS MAC Address Group VLANSProtocol-Sensitive VLANS 2-2 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEMAbout VLANs VLAN Conﬁguration Protocol Suite2-4 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM Switch PortsLayer 3 Addressing Information The ﬂood domain for protocols not supported by any VLAN in the system Ports XNS data received matches no protocolIs flooded on IPX data received matches IPX VLAN on theFor example, two IP VLANs can be conﬁgured for ports 1-10 as follows For example, to create an IP interface that can route through a VLAN For example IP VLAN subnet 157.103.54.0 with subnet mask of Figure 2-1 Example of a Protocol-Sensitive VLAN Conﬁguration VLAN Examples ExampleExample LANplex 2500 Power Run2-12 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM LANPLEX SYSTEM BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THEFigure 3-1 Traditional Architecture of a Routed Network Figure 3-3 Multiple Ports per Subnets with the LANplex 2500 System What Is Routing?Routing Models Bridging andFigure 3-4 Bridging in the Traditional Bridging and Routing Model 1 The packet enters the LANplex system Figure 3-7 Routing in the LANplex Bridging and Routing Model 3-8 CHAPTER 3 BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEM the OSI Model ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGYIP Routing and Routing Elements of IPAddress Classes 158.101 is the network part 230 is the subnet part The routing table consists of the following elements Static Routes Dynamic Routes Using RIPDefault Route Figure 4-7 Example of an ARP Request Packet Transmission ErrorsIP Routing Classical IP over User Guide for information about how to conﬁgure ATM portsRouting with RFC 791. Internet Protocol Speciﬁcation ReferencesRFC 792. Internet Control Message Protocol Speciﬁcation RFC 1009. Requirements for Internet Gateways4-12 CHAPTER 4 ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY About IP ROUTING WITH IP MULTICASTMulticast Routing IGMPMBONE DVMRPYou can gain access to the MBONE through any Internet service multicast tunnels or routing interfaces when connected to the MBONEAlgorithms routing Figure 5-1 shows a simple network with ﬁve links Interfaces Multicast5-6 CHAPTER 5 ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST IPX Routing in ROUTING WITH IPXthe NetWare Environmentbe provided by protocols above IPX Service Advertisement Protocol SAPInternet Packet Exchange IPX Routing Information Protocol RIP IPX Routing in the NetWare Environment Protocol RIPFigure 6-2 shows the IPX packet format The packet format consists of the following elements Sending Node’s Responsibility Router’s Responsibility 6-8 CHAPTER 6 ROUTING WITH IPX The Elements ofIPX Routing Aging Timer - The time since the network’s last update Selecting the Best Route SAP Packet Structure A SAP packet consists of the following ﬁelds Server Information Table Server Information Maintenance elapsed since information was received concerning a particular table entry. Since this information is either new or changed, the SAP agent that receives this information immediately passes it on, and the change is quickly learned throughout the internetwork 6-16 CHAPTER 6 ROUTING WITH IPX About AppleTalk ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK 7 ENVIRONMENTAppleTalk Network7-2 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT Named EntitiesFigure 7-1 AppleTalk Networks and AppleTalk Zones AppleTalk Protocolsdesignate a seed router through the Administration Console Figure 7-2 AppleTalk Protocols and the OSI Reference Model Transport Layer Protocols The network range The distance in hops to the destination network Interface 7-8 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENTThe Session Layer Protocols AppleTalk Session Layer Protocol ASP Printer Access Protocol PAPAn AppleTalk internet has four session-layer protocols Zone Information Protocol ZIP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol ADSPdescription language used by many printers About AARPmapping for both extended and nonextended networks another probe packet7-11 About AARP7-12 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT Displaying VLAN Information ADMINISTERING VLANSTable 8-1 describes these statistics Example of a detailed display for the VLANsA system-assigned index used for identifying a particular VLAN A 16-byte character string intended to identify the members of theDeﬁning VLAN Information The maximum number of VLANs you can deﬁne on a single bridge is Modifying VLAN Informationbridge vlan remove InformationRemoving VLAN Information 8-6 CHAPTER 8 ADMINISTERING VLANS interfaces ADMINISTERING IP ROUTINGAdministering Type - The IP interface is one of these types this option, the system displays a list of available VLAN indexes and the bridge ports associated with them ip interface define 9-4 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING2 Enter the IP address of the interface Enter IP address 9-6 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTINGEnter subnet mask 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 Enter cost Enter interface type vlan, lis vlanip interface remove ip interface modify1 PVC associated with the interface index 2. Do you wish to continue yes/no yesip interface removeAdvertisement ip interface addAdvertisementSelect interface index 1 Enter advertisement address 158.101.255.1 Administering RoutesAdministering Routes ip interface addPvc9-10 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING Route was learned using indicated protocolRoute goes to a directly connected network Route was learned but is partially timed outip route static ip route displayMetric LearnedRIPEnter gateway IP address Enter destination IP address Enter subnet mask 255.255.0.0ip route remove ip route flushAdministering the ARP Cacheip route default ip route noDefaultTo display the contents of the ARP cache, enter the following command You can display the contents of the ARP cache for your systemip arp displayand must belong to the same IP subnet ATM ARP ServersAdministering Select ATM port Enter IP address Enter subnet mask ip atmArpServer defineip atmArpServer remove Select ATM ARP server indexes 1-2,all9-17 Administering ATM ARP Serversip atmArpServer arp displayARP Cache UDP HelperAdministering ip udpHelper display You can remove a port number or IP forwarding address deﬁned for UDPip udpHelper define ip udpHelper removeip udpHelper hopCountLimit Enabling and Disabling IP Routingip udpHelper threshold ip routingMode Setting the RIPEnabling and Disabling ICMP Router Discovery ip ping Pinging an IP Stationip rip ip statistics Displaying IP Statistics9-24 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING IP MULTICAST ROUTING ADMINISTERINGDisabling IGMP Enabling and Disabling DVMRPEnabling and The IP multicast interface selections allow you to enable and disable Administering IPMulticast InterfacesRate Limit From the top level of the Administration Console, enterDisplaying To display a multicast interface Multicast Interfacesip multicast interface enable ip multicast interface disableEnter an IP interface index 1 Enter Interface DVMRP metric 1 Enter Interface TTL threshold Enter interface rate limit in KBits/secmulticast internetworks through one or more unicast routers Multicast TunnelsAdministering LANplex router and then the characteristics of the tunnel. Tunnel10-7 Administering Multicast Tunnelsip multicast tunnel define ip multicast tunnel remove1 From top level of the Administration Console, enter Displaying RoutesTo display all available routes in the IP multicast routing table The DVMRP status and IGMP status appear on the screenip multicast cacheDisplay Displaying the Multicast CacheThe following display shows the multicast cache conﬁguration 10-10 CHAPTER 10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTINGExample bracket indicate a multicast subnetwork. Entries without an Table 10-2 describes the ﬁelds in the cache displayangle bracket, beneath the subnetwork entries, are multicast Interface number on which that gateway is connected. Traffic is10-12 CHAPTER 10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING associated with it. Each switching module has one IPX interface AdministeringIPX network address - The network administrator sets this 4-byte InterfacesAs shown in the following example, the current conﬁguration is When you deﬁne an interface, you deﬁne the interface’s IPX addresssystem as well as IPX interface information cost, format, and the associated IPX VLAN indexipx interface remove 11-4 CHAPTER 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTINGipx interface modify Routes AdministeringHops - The number of routers that must be crossed to reach the Tics - An estimate of how long it will take the packet to reach thisTo display the contents of the routing table, from the Administration Enter node address 08-00-3e-22-15-78 Enter IPX address 0x45469f30 Enter Cost Enter Interface numberipx route remove ipx route flushserver table using the Administration Console ServersAdministering Server Table servers are learned and if they are operational ipx server flush 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enteripx server remove Forwarding Setting IPXSetting the RIP another when required. When you disable IPX forwarding, the systemEnhanced RIP Setting the11-12 CHAPTER 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING Mode2 Enter the SAP mode off, passive, or active. To use the value in Setting the SAPMode ipx sapStatistics DisplayingTo display IPX summary statistics, from the Administration Console IPX RIP statisticsipx statistics rip Example belowTable 11-2 describers the IPX RIP statistics Number of IPX SAP Responses that have been processed ipx statistics sapNumber of IPX SAP Requests that have been processed SAP GNS RequestsNetBIOS Max Hops IPX forwarding is enabled, RIP is active, SAP is activeDisplaying Statistics 11-17Number of IPX packets forwarded by the IPX router Number of IPX NetBIOS packets that exceeded theNumber of IPX packets dropped due to IPX Network Number of IPX packet dropped due to IPX AddressThis chapter describes how to set up your LANplex system to use the ADMINISTERING APPLETALK 12 ROUTINGAppleTalk protocol to route packets. For more information on how AppleTalk routing works, see Chapter 7 Routing with AppleTalkYou can conﬁgure a maximum of 32 interfaces per router associated AppleTalk interfaceAdministering Interfacesappletalk interface define Configure seed interface? n,y yappletalk interface display appletalk interface remove You can enter up to 16 zone names per interfaceProtocol RTMP. RTMP deﬁnes 1 the rules for exchanging information AdministeringRoutes appletalk route flush 12-6 CHAPTER 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTINGstatically-assigned 48-bit addresses used by Ethernet and token ring appletalk aarp display 12-8 CHAPTER 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTINGappletalk aarp flush At the Administration Console’s top-level menu, enterappletalk aarp remove appletalk zone display zone Displaying the Zone Tableappletalk zone display network Configuring Forwarding Conﬁguring ForwardingZone Table by Network Numbers Zone Table by ZonesPinging an AppleTalk Node Conﬁguring Checksumappletalk statistics ddp Total number of packets received, including those with errorsTotal number of packets forwarded, including those with errors appletalk statistics rtmp data length was less than the data length specified in the DDPNumber of DDP datagrams which were dropped because of a Displaying ZIP Information From the Administration Console top-level menu, enterTo display ZIP statistics appletalk statistics zipthe zone invalid bit set because the corresponding GetNetInfo Number of ZIP packets received that were rejected for any erroroutGniRequests Number of times a conflict has been detected between this entity’s12-17 Viewing Appletalk StatisticsNumber of ZIP GetNetInfo reply packets sent out of this port zone invalid bit set in response to a GetNetInfo request with anTable 12-4 describes the NBP statistics you can view Number of NBP packets received that were rejected for any errorChapter 13 Remote Monitoring RMON Technology REMOTE MONITORING RMON AND THE LANPLEX SYSTEMREMOTE MONITORING RMON 13 TECHNOLOGY 13-2 CHAPTER 13 REMOTE MONITORING RMON TECHNOLOGY An RMON implementation offers solutions to both of these problemsTable 13-1 lists these supported groups implementing many probes in a large network can be high Information Base ManagementExtended Switching System software as ASN.1 ﬁles store data in the MIBThe displayed information includes these items statistics counters associated with it Alarmsinstances of when counters exceed their set threshold exceeds a preset threshold, the alarm reports this occurrenceFigure 13-3 Manually Set Thresholds generates an alarm only under the following conditions Appendix A Technical Support APPENDIXOn-line Technical ServicesTECHNICAL SUPPORT Access by Digital Modem Supplier Support fromYour Network In the U.S. and Canada, call 800 876-3266 for customer service 3Comto ﬁnd your authorized service provider. Use one of these numbers Support fromNumerics INDEXSee also RIP See also SAP Page Page See also FDDI station statistics