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3Com 2500 manual Administering Ipx Routing

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ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING

11

ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING

This chapter describes how to set up your LANplex® system to use the Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol to route packets. For more information about how IPX works, see Part III of this Guide.

You can display and conﬁgure the following on your LANplex system:

■IPX interfaces

■Routes

■Servers

■IPX forwarding

■Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

■Enhanced RIP mode

■Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)

■IPX statistics

Image 131

3Com 2500 manual Administering Ipx Routing

Contents

Published November Revision SWITCHING USER GUIDELANPLEX 2500 EXTENDED 3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza Santa Clara, California 1 LANPLEX EXTENDED SWITCHING FEATURES CONTENTSPART I GETTING STARTED PART II VIRTUAL LAN TECHNOLOGY4 ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY PART III ABOUT ROUTING PROTOCOLS3 BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEM 6 ROUTING WITH IPX Service Advertising Protocol SAPInternetwork Service Information 5 ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT PART IV ADMINISTERING EXTENDED SWITCHING FEATURES8 ADMINISTERING VLANS 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTING 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTINGA TECHNICAL SUPPORT PART V REMOTE MONITORING RMON AND THE LANPLEX SYSTEMPART VI APPENDIX 13 REMOTE MONITORING RMON TECHNOLOGYSupport from 3Com A-4 Returning Products for Repair A-4 INDEXthe information in this guide, follow the release notes ABOUT THIS GUIDEIntroduction LANplex systemWarnings alert you to the risk of severe personal injury ConventionsInformation notes call attention to important features or Cautions alert you to personal safety risk, system damagecommands LANplex 2500 DocumentationLANplex 2500 Unpacking Instructions system software UpdateLANplex 2500 Getting Started LANplex 2500 Administration Console User GuideLANplex 2500 Extended Switching User Guide This book LANplex 2500 Software Release NotesPlease include the following information when commenting Module Installation GuidesExample LANplex 2500 Operation Guide 6 ABOUT THIS GUIDE Extended FEATURESSwitching About LANplexSwitching software Using MenusFigure 1-1 Bridge Menu Hierarchy Using MenusFigure 1-2 IP Menu Hierarchy Figure 1-3 IPX Menu Hierarchy Figure 1-4 Appletalk Menu Hierarchy About VLANs VLANS ON THELANPLEX SYSTEM 2-2 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM MAC Address Group VLANSApplication-Oriented VLANS Protocol-Sensitive VLANSAbout VLANs VLAN Conﬁguration Protocol Suite2-4 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM Switch PortsLayer 3 Addressing Information The ﬂood domain for protocols not supported by any VLAN in the system IPX data received matches IPX VLAN on the XNS data received matches no protocolPorts Is flooded onFor example, two IP VLANs can be conﬁgured for ports 1-10 as follows For example, to create an IP interface that can route through a VLAN For example IP VLAN subnet 157.103.54.0 with subnet mask of Figure 2-1 Example of a Protocol-Sensitive VLAN Conﬁguration VLAN Examples ExampleExample LANplex 2500 Power Run2-12 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM LANPLEX SYSTEM BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THEFigure 3-1 Traditional Architecture of a Routed Network Figure 3-3 Multiple Ports per Subnets with the LANplex 2500 System What Is Routing?Routing Models Bridging andFigure 3-4 Bridging in the Traditional Bridging and Routing Model 1 The packet enters the LANplex system Figure 3-7 Routing in the LANplex Bridging and Routing Model 3-8 CHAPTER 3 BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEM the OSI Model ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGYIP Routing and Routing Elements of IPAddress Classes 158.101 is the network part 230 is the subnet part The routing table consists of the following elements Static Routes Dynamic Routes Using RIPDefault Route Figure 4-7 Example of an ARP Request Packet Transmission ErrorsIP Routing Classical IP over User Guide for information about how to conﬁgure ATM portsRouting with RFC 1009. Requirements for Internet Gateways ReferencesRFC 791. Internet Protocol Speciﬁcation RFC 792. Internet Control Message Protocol Speciﬁcation4-12 CHAPTER 4 ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY IGMP ROUTING WITH IP MULTICASTAbout IP Multicast Routingmulticast tunnels or routing interfaces when connected to the MBONE DVMRPMBONE You can gain access to the MBONE through any Internet serviceAlgorithms routing Figure 5-1 shows a simple network with ﬁve links Interfaces Multicast5-6 CHAPTER 5 ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST Environment ROUTING WITH IPXIPX Routing in the NetWarebe provided by protocols above IPX Service Advertisement Protocol SAPInternet Packet Exchange IPX Routing Information Protocol RIP IPX Routing in the NetWare Environment Protocol RIPFigure 6-2 shows the IPX packet format The packet format consists of the following elements Sending Node’s Responsibility Router’s Responsibility 6-8 CHAPTER 6 ROUTING WITH IPX The Elements ofIPX Routing Aging Timer - The time since the network’s last update Selecting the Best Route SAP Packet Structure A SAP packet consists of the following ﬁelds Server Information Table Server Information Maintenance elapsed since information was received concerning a particular table entry. Since this information is either new or changed, the SAP agent that receives this information immediately passes it on, and the change is quickly learned throughout the internetwork 6-16 CHAPTER 6 ROUTING WITH IPX Network ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK 7 ENVIRONMENTAbout AppleTalk AppleTalk7-2 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT Named EntitiesFigure 7-1 AppleTalk Networks and AppleTalk Zones AppleTalk Protocolsdesignate a seed router through the Administration Console Figure 7-2 AppleTalk Protocols and the OSI Reference Model Transport Layer Protocols The network range The distance in hops to the destination network Interface 7-8 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENTZone Information Protocol ZIP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol ADSP AppleTalk Session Layer Protocol ASP Printer Access Protocol PAPThe Session Layer Protocols An AppleTalk internet has four session-layer protocolsanother probe packet About AARPdescription language used by many printers mapping for both extended and nonextended networks7-11 About AARP7-12 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT Displaying VLAN Information ADMINISTERING VLANSA 16-byte character string intended to identify the members of the Example of a detailed display for the VLANsTable 8-1 describes these statistics A system-assigned index used for identifying a particular VLANDeﬁning VLAN Information The maximum number of VLANs you can deﬁne on a single bridge is Modifying VLAN Informationbridge vlan remove InformationRemoving VLAN Information 8-6 CHAPTER 8 ADMINISTERING VLANS interfaces ADMINISTERING IP ROUTINGAdministering Type - The IP interface is one of these types this option, the system displays a list of available VLAN indexes and the bridge ports associated with them ip interface define 9-4 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING2 Enter the IP address of the interface Enter interface type vlan, lis vlan 9-6 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTINGEnter IP address Enter subnet mask 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 Enter costto continue yes/no yes ip interface modifyip interface remove 1 PVC associated with the interface index 2. Do you wiship interface removeAdvertisement ip interface addAdvertisementSelect interface index 1 Enter advertisement address 158.101.255.1 ip interface addPvc RoutesAdministering Administering RoutesRoute was learned but is partially timed out Route was learned using indicated protocol9-10 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING Route goes to a directly connected networkLearnedRIP ip route displayip route static Metricip route flush Enter destination IP address Enter subnet mask 255.255.0.0Enter gateway IP address ip route removeip route noDefault the ARP CacheAdministering ip route defaultdisplay You can display the contents of the ARP cache for your systemTo display the contents of the ARP cache, enter the following command ip arpand must belong to the same IP subnet ATM ARP ServersAdministering Select ATM ARP server indexes 1-2,all ip atmArpServer defineSelect ATM port Enter IP address Enter subnet mask ip atmArpServer removedisplay Administering ATM ARP Servers9-17 ip atmArpServer arpARP Cache UDP HelperAdministering ip udpHelper remove You can remove a port number or IP forwarding address deﬁned for UDPip udpHelper display ip udpHelper defineip routing Enabling and Disabling IP Routingip udpHelper hopCountLimit ip udpHelper thresholdMode Setting the RIPEnabling and Disabling ICMP Router Discovery ip ping Pinging an IP Stationip rip ip statistics Displaying IP Statistics9-24 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING IP MULTICAST ROUTING ADMINISTERINGDisabling IGMP Enabling and Disabling DVMRPEnabling and Interfaces Administering IPThe IP multicast interface selections allow you to enable and disable MulticastMulticast Interfaces From the top level of the Administration Console, enterRate Limit Displaying To display a multicast interfaceEnter Interface TTL threshold Enter interface rate limit in KBits/sec ip multicast interface disableip multicast interface enable Enter an IP interface index 1 Enter Interface DVMRP metric 1LANplex router and then the characteristics of the tunnel. Tunnel Multicast Tunnelsmulticast internetworks through one or more unicast routers Administeringip multicast tunnel remove Administering Multicast Tunnels10-7 ip multicast tunnel defineThe DVMRP status and IGMP status appear on the screen Displaying Routes1 From top level of the Administration Console, enter To display all available routes in the IP multicast routing tableip multicast cacheDisplay Displaying the Multicast CacheThe following display shows the multicast cache conﬁguration 10-10 CHAPTER 10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTINGExample Interface number on which that gateway is connected. Traffic is Table 10-2 describes the ﬁelds in the cache displaybracket indicate a multicast subnetwork. Entries without an angle bracket, beneath the subnetwork entries, are multicast10-12 CHAPTER 10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING Interfaces Administeringassociated with it. Each switching module has one IPX interface IPX network address - The network administrator sets this 4-bytecost, format, and the associated IPX VLAN index When you deﬁne an interface, you deﬁne the interface’s IPX addressAs shown in the following example, the current conﬁguration is system as well as IPX interface informationipx interface remove 11-4 CHAPTER 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTINGipx interface modify Tics - An estimate of how long it will take the packet to reach this AdministeringRoutes Hops - The number of routers that must be crossed to reach theTo display the contents of the routing table, from the Administration ipx route flush Enter IPX address 0x45469f30 Enter Cost Enter Interface numberEnter node address 08-00-3e-22-15-78 ipx route removeserver table using the Administration Console ServersAdministering Server Table servers are learned and if they are operational ipx server flush 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enteripx server remove another when required. When you disable IPX forwarding, the system Setting IPXForwarding Setting the RIPMode Setting theEnhanced RIP 11-12 CHAPTER 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTINGipx sap Setting the SAP2 Enter the SAP mode off, passive, or active. To use the value in ModeIPX RIP statistics DisplayingStatistics To display IPX summary statistics, from the Administration Consoleipx statistics rip Example belowTable 11-2 describers the IPX RIP statistics SAP GNS Requests ipx statistics sapNumber of IPX SAP Responses that have been processed Number of IPX SAP Requests that have been processed11-17 IPX forwarding is enabled, RIP is active, SAP is activeNetBIOS Max Hops Displaying StatisticsNumber of IPX packet dropped due to IPX Address Number of IPX NetBIOS packets that exceeded theNumber of IPX packets forwarded by the IPX router Number of IPX packets dropped due to IPX NetworkAppleTalk routing works, see Chapter 7 Routing with AppleTalk ADMINISTERING APPLETALK 12 ROUTINGThis chapter describes how to set up your LANplex system to use the AppleTalk protocol to route packets. For more information on howInterfaces associated AppleTalk interfaceYou can conﬁgure a maximum of 32 interfaces per router Administeringappletalk interface define Configure seed interface? n,y yappletalk interface display appletalk interface remove You can enter up to 16 zone names per interfaceProtocol RTMP. RTMP deﬁnes 1 the rules for exchanging information AdministeringRoutes appletalk route flush 12-6 CHAPTER 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTINGstatically-assigned 48-bit addresses used by Ethernet and token ring appletalk aarp display 12-8 CHAPTER 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTINGappletalk aarp flush At the Administration Console’s top-level menu, enterappletalk aarp remove appletalk zone display zone Displaying the Zone Tableappletalk zone display network Zone Table by Zones Conﬁguring ForwardingConfiguring Forwarding Zone Table by Network NumbersPinging an AppleTalk Node Conﬁguring Checksumappletalk statistics ddp Total number of packets received, including those with errorsTotal number of packets forwarded, including those with errors appletalk statistics rtmp data length was less than the data length specified in the DDPNumber of DDP datagrams which were dropped because of a appletalk statistics zip From the Administration Console top-level menu, enterDisplaying ZIP Information To display ZIP statisticsNumber of times a conflict has been detected between this entity’s Number of ZIP packets received that were rejected for any errorthe zone invalid bit set because the corresponding GetNetInfo outGniRequestszone invalid bit set in response to a GetNetInfo request with an Viewing Appletalk Statistics12-17 Number of ZIP GetNetInfo reply packets sent out of this portTable 12-4 describes the NBP statistics you can view Number of NBP packets received that were rejected for any errorChapter 13 Remote Monitoring RMON Technology REMOTE MONITORING RMON AND THE LANPLEX SYSTEMREMOTE MONITORING RMON 13 TECHNOLOGY 13-2 CHAPTER 13 REMOTE MONITORING RMON TECHNOLOGY An RMON implementation offers solutions to both of these problemsTable 13-1 lists these supported groups implementing many probes in a large network can be high store data in the MIB ManagementInformation Base Extended Switching System software as ASN.1 ﬁlesThe displayed information includes these items exceeds a preset threshold, the alarm reports this occurrence Alarmsstatistics counters associated with it instances of when counters exceed their set thresholdFigure 13-3 Manually Set Thresholds generates an alarm only under the following conditions Appendix A Technical Support APPENDIXOn-line Technical ServicesTECHNICAL SUPPORT Access by Digital Modem Supplier Support fromYour Network Support from 3ComIn the U.S. and Canada, call 800 876-3266 for customer service to ﬁnd your authorized service provider. Use one of these numbersNumerics INDEXSee also RIP See also SAP Page Page See also FDDI station statistics