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3Com 2500 manual Internet Packet Exchange IPX Routing Information Protocol RIP

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■Internet Packet Exchange (IPX)

6-2 CHAPTER 6: ROUTING WITH IPX

Layers in the

OSI reference model

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

			NetWare
						Routing
Appplications			NetWare®		Service	Routing
			Control		Advertising	Information
			Protocol		Protocol	Protocol
	NetWare®		(NCP)		(SAP)	(RIP)
	NetWare®
	Shell
	(Client)
NetBIOS™
NetBIOS™	SPX
	SPX

			IPX
		Media Access Protocols
			(Ethernet, FDDI)

Figure 6-1 NetWare Protocols and the OSI Reference Model

The LANplex system uses the following protocols for routing in a Netware environment:

■Internet Packet Exchange (IPX)

■Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

■Service Advertisement Protocol (SAP)

Internet Packet IPX is the primary protocol used for routing in a netware environment. This Exchange (IPX) datagram, connectionless protocol does not require an acknowledgment for each packet sent. Any packet acknowledgment, or connection control, must

be provided by protocols above IPX.

IPX deﬁnes internetwork and intranode addressing schemes. IPX internetwork addressing is based on network numbers that are assigned to each interface in an IPX network. IPX intranode addressing is in the form of socket numbers. Since several processes are normally operating within a node, socket numbers provide a type of mail slot so that each process can distinguish itself to IPX.

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3Com 2500 manual Internet Packet Exchange IPX Routing Information Protocol RIP, Service Advertisement Protocol SAP

Contents

Published November Revision SWITCHING USER GUIDELANPLEX 2500 EXTENDED 3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza Santa Clara, California PART II VIRTUAL LAN TECHNOLOGY CONTENTSPART I GETTING STARTED 1 LANPLEX EXTENDED SWITCHING FEATURES4 ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY PART III ABOUT ROUTING PROTOCOLS3 BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEM 5 ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST Service Advertising Protocol SAPInternetwork Service Information 6 ROUTING WITH IPX9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING PART IV ADMINISTERING EXTENDED SWITCHING FEATURES8 ADMINISTERING VLANS 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTING13 REMOTE MONITORING RMON TECHNOLOGY PART V REMOTE MONITORING RMON AND THE LANPLEX SYSTEMPART VI APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SUPPORTINDEX Support from 3Com A-4 Returning Products for Repair A-4LANplex system ABOUT THIS GUIDEIntroduction the information in this guide, follow the release notesCautions alert you to personal safety risk, system damage ConventionsInformation notes call attention to important features or Warnings alert you to the risk of severe personal injurysystem software Update LANplex 2500 DocumentationLANplex 2500 Unpacking Instructions commandsLANplex 2500 Software Release Notes LANplex 2500 Administration Console User GuideLANplex 2500 Extended Switching User Guide This book LANplex 2500 Getting StartedPlease include the following information when commenting Module Installation GuidesExample LANplex 2500 Operation Guide 6 ABOUT THIS GUIDE About LANplex FEATURESSwitching ExtendedUsing Menus Switching softwareUsing Menus Figure 1-1 Bridge Menu HierarchyFigure 1-2 IP Menu Hierarchy Figure 1-3 IPX Menu Hierarchy Figure 1-4 Appletalk Menu Hierarchy About VLANs VLANS ON THELANPLEX SYSTEM Protocol-Sensitive VLANS MAC Address Group VLANSApplication-Oriented VLANS 2-2 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEMVLAN Conﬁguration Protocol Suite About VLANs2-4 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM Switch PortsLayer 3 Addressing Information The ﬂood domain for protocols not supported by any VLAN in the system Is flooded on XNS data received matches no protocolPorts IPX data received matches IPX VLAN on theFor example, two IP VLANs can be conﬁgured for ports 1-10 as follows For example, to create an IP interface that can route through a VLAN For example IP VLAN subnet 157.103.54.0 with subnet mask of VLAN Examples Example Figure 2-1 Example of a Protocol-Sensitive VLAN ConﬁgurationLANplex 2500 Power Run Example2-12 CHAPTER 2 VLANS ON THE LANPLEX SYSTEM BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEMFigure 3-1 Traditional Architecture of a Routed Network What Is Routing? Figure 3-3 Multiple Ports per Subnets with the LANplex 2500 SystemBridging and Routing ModelsFigure 3-4 Bridging in the Traditional Bridging and Routing Model 1 The packet enters the LANplex system Figure 3-7 Routing in the LANplex Bridging and Routing Model 3-8 CHAPTER 3 BRIDGING AND ROUTING IN THE LANPLEX SYSTEM the OSI Model ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGYIP Routing and Elements of IP RoutingAddress Classes 158.101 is the network part 230 is the subnet part The routing table consists of the following elements Dynamic Routes Using RIP Static RoutesDefault Route Figure 4-7 Example of an ARP Request Packet Transmission ErrorsIP Routing Classical IP over User Guide for information about how to conﬁgure ATM portsRouting with RFC 792. Internet Control Message Protocol Speciﬁcation ReferencesRFC 791. Internet Protocol Speciﬁcation RFC 1009. Requirements for Internet Gateways4-12 CHAPTER 4 ROUTING WITH IP TECHNOLOGY Multicast Routing ROUTING WITH IP MULTICASTAbout IP IGMPYou can gain access to the MBONE through any Internet service DVMRPMBONE multicast tunnels or routing interfaces when connected to the MBONEAlgorithms routing Figure 5-1 shows a simple network with ﬁve links Multicast Interfaces5-6 CHAPTER 5 ROUTING WITH IP MULTICAST the NetWare ROUTING WITH IPXIPX Routing in Environmentbe provided by protocols above IPX Service Advertisement Protocol SAPInternet Packet Exchange IPX Routing Information Protocol RIP Protocol RIP IPX Routing in the NetWare EnvironmentFigure 6-2 shows the IPX packet format The packet format consists of the following elements Sending Node’s Responsibility Router’s Responsibility 6-8 CHAPTER 6 ROUTING WITH IPX The Elements ofIPX Routing Aging Timer - The time since the network’s last update Selecting the Best Route SAP Packet Structure A SAP packet consists of the following ﬁelds Server Information Table Server Information Maintenance elapsed since information was received concerning a particular table entry. Since this information is either new or changed, the SAP agent that receives this information immediately passes it on, and the change is quickly learned throughout the internetwork 6-16 CHAPTER 6 ROUTING WITH IPX AppleTalk ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK 7 ENVIRONMENTAbout AppleTalk NetworkNamed Entities 7-2 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENTFigure 7-1 AppleTalk Networks and AppleTalk Zones AppleTalk Protocolsdesignate a seed router through the Administration Console Figure 7-2 AppleTalk Protocols and the OSI Reference Model Transport Layer Protocols The network range The distance in hops to the destination network 7-8 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT InterfaceAn AppleTalk internet has four session-layer protocols AppleTalk Session Layer Protocol ASP Printer Access Protocol PAPThe Session Layer Protocols Zone Information Protocol ZIP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol ADSPmapping for both extended and nonextended networks About AARPdescription language used by many printers another probe packetAbout AARP 7-117-12 CHAPTER 7 ROUTING IN AN APPLETALK ENVIRONMENT ADMINISTERING VLANS Displaying VLAN InformationA system-assigned index used for identifying a particular VLAN Example of a detailed display for the VLANsTable 8-1 describes these statistics A 16-byte character string intended to identify the members of theDeﬁning VLAN Information Modifying VLAN Information The maximum number of VLANs you can deﬁne on a single bridge isbridge vlan remove InformationRemoving VLAN Information 8-6 CHAPTER 8 ADMINISTERING VLANS interfaces ADMINISTERING IP ROUTINGAdministering Type - The IP interface is one of these types this option, the system displays a list of available VLAN indexes and the bridge ports associated with them 9-4 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING ip interface define2 Enter the IP address of the interface Enter subnet mask 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 Enter cost 9-6 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTINGEnter IP address Enter interface type vlan, lis vlan1 PVC associated with the interface index 2. Do you wish ip interface modifyip interface remove to continue yes/no yesip interface removeAdvertisement ip interface addAdvertisementSelect interface index 1 Enter advertisement address 158.101.255.1 Administering Routes RoutesAdministering ip interface addPvcRoute goes to a directly connected network Route was learned using indicated protocol9-10 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING Route was learned but is partially timed outMetric ip route displayip route static LearnedRIPip route remove Enter destination IP address Enter subnet mask 255.255.0.0Enter gateway IP address ip route fluship route default the ARP CacheAdministering ip route noDefaultip arp You can display the contents of the ARP cache for your systemTo display the contents of the ARP cache, enter the following command displayand must belong to the same IP subnet ATM ARP ServersAdministering ip atmArpServer remove ip atmArpServer defineSelect ATM port Enter IP address Enter subnet mask Select ATM ARP server indexes 1-2,allip atmArpServer arp Administering ATM ARP Servers9-17 displayARP Cache UDP HelperAdministering ip udpHelper define You can remove a port number or IP forwarding address deﬁned for UDPip udpHelper display ip udpHelper removeip udpHelper threshold Enabling and Disabling IP Routingip udpHelper hopCountLimit ip routingMode Setting the RIPEnabling and Disabling ICMP Router Discovery ip ping Pinging an IP Stationip rip Displaying IP Statistics ip statistics9-24 CHAPTER 9 ADMINISTERING IP ROUTING ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTINGDisabling IGMP Enabling and Disabling DVMRPEnabling and Multicast Administering IPThe IP multicast interface selections allow you to enable and disable InterfacesDisplaying To display a multicast interface From the top level of the Administration Console, enterRate Limit Multicast InterfacesEnter an IP interface index 1 Enter Interface DVMRP metric 1 ip multicast interface disableip multicast interface enable Enter Interface TTL threshold Enter interface rate limit in KBits/secAdministering Multicast Tunnelsmulticast internetworks through one or more unicast routers LANplex router and then the characteristics of the tunnel. Tunnelip multicast tunnel define Administering Multicast Tunnels10-7 ip multicast tunnel removeTo display all available routes in the IP multicast routing table Displaying Routes1 From top level of the Administration Console, enter The DVMRP status and IGMP status appear on the screenDisplaying the Multicast Cache ip multicast cacheDisplayThe following display shows the multicast cache conﬁguration 10-10 CHAPTER 10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTINGExample angle bracket, beneath the subnetwork entries, are multicast Table 10-2 describes the ﬁelds in the cache displaybracket indicate a multicast subnetwork. Entries without an Interface number on which that gateway is connected. Traffic is10-12 CHAPTER 10 ADMINISTERING IP MULTICAST ROUTING ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING IPX network address - The network administrator sets this 4-byte Administeringassociated with it. Each switching module has one IPX interface Interfacessystem as well as IPX interface information When you deﬁne an interface, you deﬁne the interface’s IPX addressAs shown in the following example, the current conﬁguration is cost, format, and the associated IPX VLAN indexipx interface remove 11-4 CHAPTER 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTINGipx interface modify Hops - The number of routers that must be crossed to reach the AdministeringRoutes Tics - An estimate of how long it will take the packet to reach thisTo display the contents of the routing table, from the Administration ipx route remove Enter IPX address 0x45469f30 Enter Cost Enter Interface numberEnter node address 08-00-3e-22-15-78 ipx route flushserver table using the Administration Console ServersAdministering Server Table servers are learned and if they are operational ipx server flush 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enteripx server remove Setting the RIP Setting IPXForwarding another when required. When you disable IPX forwarding, the system11-12 CHAPTER 11 ADMINISTERING IPX ROUTING Setting theEnhanced RIP ModeMode Setting the SAP2 Enter the SAP mode off, passive, or active. To use the value in ipx sapTo display IPX summary statistics, from the Administration Console DisplayingStatistics IPX RIP statisticsipx statistics rip Example belowTable 11-2 describers the IPX RIP statistics Number of IPX SAP Requests that have been processed ipx statistics sapNumber of IPX SAP Responses that have been processed SAP GNS RequestsDisplaying Statistics IPX forwarding is enabled, RIP is active, SAP is activeNetBIOS Max Hops 11-17Number of IPX packets dropped due to IPX Network Number of IPX NetBIOS packets that exceeded theNumber of IPX packets forwarded by the IPX router Number of IPX packet dropped due to IPX AddressAppleTalk protocol to route packets. For more information on how ADMINISTERING APPLETALK 12 ROUTINGThis chapter describes how to set up your LANplex system to use the AppleTalk routing works, see Chapter 7 Routing with AppleTalkAdministering associated AppleTalk interfaceYou can conﬁgure a maximum of 32 interfaces per router Interfacesappletalk interface define Configure seed interface? n,y yappletalk interface display You can enter up to 16 zone names per interface appletalk interface removeProtocol RTMP. RTMP deﬁnes 1 the rules for exchanging information AdministeringRoutes 12-6 CHAPTER 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTING appletalk route flushstatically-assigned 48-bit addresses used by Ethernet and token ring 12-8 CHAPTER 12 ADMINISTERING APPLETALK ROUTING appletalk aarp displayappletalk aarp flush At the Administration Console’s top-level menu, enterappletalk aarp remove appletalk zone display zone Displaying the Zone Tableappletalk zone display network Zone Table by Network Numbers Conﬁguring ForwardingConfiguring Forwarding Zone Table by ZonesConﬁguring Checksum Pinging an AppleTalk Nodeappletalk statistics ddp Total number of packets received, including those with errorsTotal number of packets forwarded, including those with errors appletalk statistics rtmp data length was less than the data length specified in the DDPNumber of DDP datagrams which were dropped because of a To display ZIP statistics From the Administration Console top-level menu, enterDisplaying ZIP Information appletalk statistics zipoutGniRequests Number of ZIP packets received that were rejected for any errorthe zone invalid bit set because the corresponding GetNetInfo Number of times a conflict has been detected between this entity’sNumber of ZIP GetNetInfo reply packets sent out of this port Viewing Appletalk Statistics12-17 zone invalid bit set in response to a GetNetInfo request with anNumber of NBP packets received that were rejected for any error Table 12-4 describes the NBP statistics you can viewREMOTE MONITORING RMON AND THE LANPLEX SYSTEM Chapter 13 Remote Monitoring RMON TechnologyREMOTE MONITORING RMON 13 TECHNOLOGY 13-2 CHAPTER 13 REMOTE MONITORING RMON TECHNOLOGY An RMON implementation offers solutions to both of these problemsTable 13-1 lists these supported groups implementing many probes in a large network can be high Extended Switching System software as ASN.1 ﬁles ManagementInformation Base store data in the MIBThe displayed information includes these items instances of when counters exceed their set threshold Alarmsstatistics counters associated with it exceeds a preset threshold, the alarm reports this occurrenceFigure 13-3 Manually Set Thresholds generates an alarm only under the following conditions APPENDIX Appendix A Technical SupportOn-line Technical ServicesTECHNICAL SUPPORT Access by Digital Modem Supplier Support fromYour Network to ﬁnd your authorized service provider. Use one of these numbers 3ComIn the U.S. and Canada, call 800 876-3266 for customer service Support fromINDEX NumericsSee also RIP See also SAP Page Page See also FDDI station statistics