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Chaparral K5312/K7313, G5312/G7313 manual Comparing RAID Levels, Volume Sets

Models: K5312/K7313 G5312/G7313

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G- and K-Series User’s Guide

Volume Sets

A volume set is the ability to create a host-accessible LUN that maps to a single disk in the array, similar to JBOD. Volume sets are non-redundant and have a capacity slightly less than the physical disk they are created from. Volume sets are useful if you have a single disk available and you don’t want to use it as a spare.

Note: For more information on RAID levels, see The RAIDbook: A Source Book for RAID Technology, published by the RAID Advisory Board (St. Peter, Minnesota: February, 1996).

Comparing RAID Levels

Table A-1illustrates the differences between the different RAID levels:

Table A-1. Comparing RAID Levels

RAID	Min No.	Description		Strengths	Weaknesses
Level	of Drives	Description		Strengths	Weaknesses

RAID 0	2	Data striping	Highest		No data
		without	performance		protection—one
		redundancy			drive fails, all data
					is lost

RAID 1	2	Disk mirroring	Very high:		High redundancy
			•	Performance	cost overhead—
			•	Data protection	because all data is
			•	Data protection	duplicated, twice
			•	Minimal penalty	duplicated, twice
			•	Minimal penalty	the storage
				on write	the storage
				on write	capacity is required
				performance	capacity is required
				performance

RAID 2	n/a	No practical use	Previously used for		No practical use—
			RAM error		same performance
			environments		can be achieved by
			correction (known		RAID 3 at lower
			as Hamming Code)		cost
			and in disk drives
			before the use of
			embedded error
			correction

A-4

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Chaparral K5312/K7313 manual Comparing RAID Levels, Volume Sets, Min No Description Strengths Weaknesses Level Drives

Contents

User’s Guide Page Changes CopyrightTrademarks Technical SupportCanadian Compliance Statement Contents Hardware Installation Monitoring System Status Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures Glossary K-Series User’s Guide Viii Introduction About This GuideMotherboard CPU Subsystem G-Series Product FeaturesConventions Motherboard Ultra2 Scsi Channels G-SeriesHardware Configuration and Management Support G-Series Battery Interface G-SeriesMotherboard Disk Cache G-Series Motherboard CPU Subsystem K-Series Onboard Connectors G-SeriesDaughterboard G-Series Motherboard Ultra2 Scsi Channels K-SeriesIntegrated Battery Backup and Interface K-Series Motherboard Disk Cache K-SeriesOnboard Connectors K-Series Fibre Channel FeaturesHardware Configuration and Management Support K-Series Fibre Channel Connection K-SeriesPhysical G-Series SpecificationsSpecifications Electrical G-Series3shows the environmental specifications of the controllers Environmental G-SeriesBattery G-Series Physical K-Series Electrical K-Series7shows the environmental specifications of the controllers Environmental K-SeriesBattery K-Series External Documents Reference DocumentsChaparral Documents K-Series User’s Guide Connecting to the Scsi Port Hardware InstallationConnecting the Controller Connecting to the Fibre Channel PortConnecting to the RS-232 Port To connect to the Fibre Channel portTo connect to the RS-232 port K-Series User’s Guide Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software Setting ValueSettingValue Navigating the Disk Array Administrator Software Do thisChanging the Screen Display Disk Array Administrator Menu TreeSelect Function Menu tree K-Series User’s Guide Creating Arrays Creating and Managing ArraysMinimum Maximum RAID Level No. Drives To create an array Creating and Managing Arrays RAID Type screen displays Scsi ID K-Series User’s Guide Creating and Managing Arrays Managing Arrays Viewing Array StatusTo view the status of an array Viewing Array Statistics To view the array statisticsCreating and Managing Arrays Resetting Array Statistics To reset array statisticsViewing Drive Status To view drive statusTo stop the array initialization process Stopping the Array Initialization ProcessSelect Abort Initialization and press Enter Verifying an Array To verify an arrayViewing Verification Status To view verification statusReconstructing an Array To stop the verification processExpanding Array Capacity RAID Level Number of Drives You Can AddTo expand an array Viewing Expand Status To view expand statusChanging the Array LUN To change the array LUNTrusting an Array Changing the Array NameTo change the array name To trust an array Deleting an Array To delete an arrayMonitoring System Status Displaying the Event LogViewing the Most Recent Event Viewing One Event at a TimeTo display one event at a time Select View Event Log and press EnterTo display a whole screen of events Viewing a Whole Screen of EventsCapturing the Event Log File To capture the event log fileDisplaying Hardware and Configuration Information Group Field What displaysLUN Capi To display hardware information only SEPPress Esc to return to the Utilities Menu To display hardware and configuration information Displaying Overall Statistics To access the general array statistics To access the read/write histogram Resetting Overall Statistics To reset overall statisticsManaging Spares Managing Dedicated SparesAdding a Dedicated Spare To add a dedicated spareDeleting a Dedicated Spare Enabling Dynamic SparesTo delete a dedicated spare drive To enable dynamic spares Adding a Spare to the Spare Pool Managing the Spare PoolTo add a pool spare To delete a spare from the spare pool Deleting a Spare from the Spare PoolSelect Delete Pool Spare and press Enter To display the spare pool Displaying the Spare PoolSelect Display Pool Spares and press Enter K-Series User’s Guide Configuring the Controller Rebooting the ControllerTo shut down and restart the controller Changing the Date and TimeTo set the controller’s date To set the controller’s time Understanding LUNs Configuring the Controller Changing the Controller’s Target ID and LUN To change the controller’s target ID and LUN Do thisKeep the same Loop ID for the channel at all times Configuring the Scsi Channels To configure the channelK-Series User’s Guide Working with LUN Zoning 1shows an example of how you can use LUN zoningViewing Known WWNs To view known WWNsSelect Display Host List and press Enter To create or change names for WWNs Creating Names Aliases for Server WWNsSelect Add or Name Host and press Enter Configuring LUN Zoning To set up LUN zoningK-Series User’s Guide Changing the Sample Rate To change the sample rateChanging the Alarm Mute Setting Alarm threshold What to do when the alarm soundsTo enable or disable the alarm SoftwareLocking the Cache Setting To lock the cache settingEnabling and Disabling the Battery To change the battery settingChanging the Utility Priority To change Utility priority Rescanning All ChannelsSelect Utility Priority and press Enter Pausing I/O To rescan all channelsRestoring Default Settings To pause I/OUpgrading Firmware To restore the default settingsSelect Restore Defaults and press Enter Upgrading the Controller’s FirmwareTo upgrade the controller’s firmware See Chaparral Technical Support onK-Series User’s Guide Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures Managing Disk DrivesDisplaying Drive Information Displaying All DrivesTo display all drives Clearing Metadata from a Drive To view drive statusEnabling and Disabling Write-back Cache To change the write-back cache settingTo clear metadata from a drive K-Series User’s Guide Displaying Disk Cache Status To display disk cache statusTo enable or disable Smart changes Enabling and Disabling Smart ChangesBlinking a Drive LED To blink a driveTaking Down a Drive To take down a driveManaging SAF-TE Enclosures Testing a DriveTo test a drive Changing the SEP LUN To change the SEP LUNDo this Changing the Additional SEP Settings To change the SEP settingsManaging Disk Drives and Enclosures K-Series User’s Guide Problem Screen continuously puts out garbage characters TroubleshootingTerminal Emulator and COM Port Problems Chaparral Technical SupportProblem Screen is updated, but won’t respond to keystrokes Array ProblemsProblem Array is much smaller than it should be Problem The host Scsi Bios scan hangs Host Scsi Channel ProblemsTo change the backoff percentage Device Scsi Channel Problems Problems During BootupProblem One of the Post diagnostic test failed Controller ProblemsProblem Controller failed the onboard memory test Problem The system hangs at CTsrv startingProblem The controller reports a Sdram memory error Problem The controller reports a Battery errorEvent Definition Recommended Action CriticalErrors WarnUnderstanding Scsi Errors Using the Loader Diagnostics MenuUsing the Loader Utility Menu Disk ErrorsSense Key Description DescriptionsDisk Channel Errors Error Code Description Voltage and Temperature Errors and Warnings K-Series User’s Guide Array Types Array BasicsRAID 0 Striped Disks RAID 1, RAID 1/O Mirrored Disks RAIDArray Basics Comparing RAID Levels Volume SetsMin No Description Strengths Weaknesses Level Drives RAID 3 RAID Mixing Disks on Different RAID Controller Channels Glossary K-Series User’s Guide Glossary K-Series User’s Guide Glossary K-Series User’s Guide Index K-Series User’s Guide Index K-Series User’s Guide Index Scsi ID Index K-Series User’s Guide