Maximum Storm Tops, Hail in Thunderstorms | Honeywell 880 specs

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

MAXIMUM STORM TOPS

Photographic data indicates that the maximum height attained by thunderstorm clouds is approximately 63,000 feet. Such very tall storm tops have not been explored by direct means, but meteorological judgments indicate the probable existence of large hail and strong vertical drafts to within a few thousand feet of the top of these isolated stratosphere- penetrating storms. THEREFORE, IT APPEARS IMPORTANT TO AVOID SUCH VERY TALL STORMS AT ALL ALTITUDES.

HAIL IN THUNDERSTORMS

The occurrence of HAIL IS MUCH MORE CLEARLY IDENTIFIED WITH THE INTENSITY OF ECHOES THAN IS TURBULENCE. AVOIDANCE OF MODERATE AND SEVERE STORMS SHOULD ALWAYS BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE AVOIDANCE OF DAMAGING HAIL.

VISUAL APPEARANCE OF STORM AND ASSOCIATED TURBULENCE WITH THEM

On numerous occasions, flight at NSSL have indicated that NO USEFUL CORRELATION EXISTS BETWEEN THE EXTERNAL VISUAL APPEARANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS AND THE TURBULENCE AND HAIL WITHIN THEM.

MODIFICATION OF CRITERIA WHEN SEVERE STORMS AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT ARE EVIDENT

During severe storm situations, radar echo intensities may grow by a factor of ten each minute, and cloud tops by 7,000 feet per minute.

THEREFORE, NO FLIGHT PATH THROUGH A FIELD OF STRONG OR VERY STRONG STORMS SEPARATED BY 20- 30 MILES OR LESS MAY BE CONSIDERED TO REMAIN FREE FROM SEVERE TURBULENCE.

A28- 1146- 102- 00	Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars
	A- 13

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Honeywell 880 manual Maximum Storm Tops, Hail in Thunderstorms

Contents

Page PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents Appendices Federal Aviation Administration FAA Section Radar FactsMaximum Permissible Exposure Level Honeywell Product Support List of Illustrations Federal Aviation Administration FAA Advisory CircularsEnhanced GROUND--PROXIMITY Warning Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail List of Tables Introduction A28- 1146- 102 System Configurations PRIMUSâ 880 Configurations Efis only Configuration Dual Control Mode Truth Table Left Right Controller Left Side Right SideRTA Mode Remote Mounted Equipment Model Unit Cockpit Mounted OptionsPrimusr 880 Weather Radar Equipment List Typical PRIMUSâ 880 Weather Radar Components Operating Controls WI- 880 Weather Radar Indicator OperationTypical PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar Display Range 3 Gmap Calibrated Gain Rainfall Rate Color In/hr Mm/hr Rainfall Rate Color Coding Fsby Forced Standby TGT Target Selected Range Minimum Target Target Range Depth NM STB Stabilization TRB Turbulence RangeAZ Azimuth SCT Scan Sector BRT Brightness or BRT/LSS Lightning Sensor System Tilt Gain WC- 880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations WC- 880 Weather Radar Controller Operation Tilt Radar SLV LSS Gain Radar EFIS/MFD PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Maximum Permissible Exposure Level Mpel Sect Scan Sector TRB Turbulence Detection Range SLV Slave LSS Lightning Sensor System Option WC- 884 Weather Radar Controller BRT Brightness WC- 884 Weather Radar Controller OperationTGT Target Alert RCT Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique Tilt Mode Rainfall Rate Color In/hr Mm/hr PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Hidden Modes Forced Standby Override Roll Offset Roll GainPitch Offset Pitch Gain PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Preliminary Control Settings Step ProcedurePrimusr 880 Power--Up Procedure Cont Normal Operation PRIMUSâ 880 Power- Up Procedure Output Power is Radiated in Test ModeIndicator Test Pattern 120 Scan WX With Text Fault Enabled Efis Test Pattern Typical 120 Scan Shown WX 319 WI--880 Indicator Test Pattern With Text Fault Enabled Radar Mode WeatherStandby REV Radar Mode Ground Mapping Test Mode 4-8 blank Radar Facts Radar Operation Aircraft Heading PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Sea Returns Tilt Management Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude Inch Radiator Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude Inch Radiator PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Range Scale Line Tilt Limited Ideal Tilt Angle Earth’s Curvature Convective Thunderstorms Unaltered Tilt Proper Tilt Technique Tilt Management With Heading Changes Fast Developing Thunderstorm Low Altitude Tilt Management Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management Rules of Thumb Altitude Compensated Tilt ACT Manual Tilt at Low Altitudes Accelerative Error Dynamic ErrorStabilization Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments Criteria Stabilization Precheck Stabilization In Straight and Level Flight Check ProcedureLevel Flight Stabilization Check Symmetrical Ground Returns Ground Return Indicating Misalignment Upper Right Ground Return Indicating Misalignment Upper Left Stabilization in Turns Check ProcedureRoll Stabilization Check Roll Stabilization Inoperative In- flight Roll Offset Adjustment Procedure 23. The radar unit is in the roll offset Push the Stab STB button to go to the next menu pitch offset Roll Offset Adjustment Display Final Pitch Offset Adjustment Pitch Offset Adjustment Procedure Roll Gain Adjustment Roll Gain Adjustment Pitch Gain Adjustment Pitch Gain Adjustment Interpreting Weather Radar Images Weather Radar Images PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Radar and Visual Cloud Mass Squall Line Weather Display Calibration Display Levels Related to VIP Levels Typical Variable Gain Control LOW Variable Gain Settings can Eliminate Hazardous TargetsRain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique React PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System React With React SelectedReact on and OFF Indications Turbulence Probability ShadowingDo not FLY Into the Shadow Behind the Cell Probability of Turbulence Presence A Weather Target Turbulence Detection Theory Areas of Turbulence can not Always be Detected by the Radar Total Return Vector No Turbulence Turbulent Turbulence Detection OperationWeather Display With Turbulence PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar can only Detect Hail Size Probability Turbulence Levels From Airman’s Information Manual Spotting Hail Hail Size Probability Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail Familiar Hailstorm Patterns Overshooting a Storm Short- and Long- Blind Alley Azimuth Resolution Azimuth Resolution in Weather Modes Radome Weather Avoidance Weather Display Do not Leave the Radar in Variable GAIN. SIG Nificant Weather MAY not be DisplayedDRY Hail can be Prevalent AT Higher Alti Tudes WITHIN, NEAR, or Above Storm Cells Severe Weather Avoidance Procedures 10 3. Interaction With Other Storms. a thunderstorm that is Step Procedure Configurations of Individual Echoes Northern Hemisphere Storms Situated Behind Intervening RainFall MAY be More Severe than Depicted on Display Typical Hook Pattern Avoid V- Notch by 20 Miles Notch Echo, Pendant Shape Avoid Pendant by 20 Miles Classic Pendant Shape Rain Gradients Avoid Steep Rain Gradients by 20 MilesAvoid ALL Crescent Shaped Echoes by 20 Miles Line Configurations Crescent Shape Avoid Line Echo Wave Patterns Lewp by 20 Miles Line Echo Wave Pattern Lewp Avoid BOW- Shaped Line of Echoes by 20 Miles Bow- Shaped Line of Thunderstorms Turbulence Versus Distance from Storm Core Additional HazardsTurbulence Versus Distance from Storm Edge Ground Mapping Ground Mapping Display Tilt Setting for Maximal Ground Target Display Inch Radiator Range Scale Maximum Permissible Exposure Level Mpel Mpel Boundary In- Flight Troubleshooting Test Mode With Text Faults Enabled Fault Data Fields Field No Description 315 Fault Code and Text Fault Relationships Text Faults Cont IO Fpga REG Text Faults Describes the pilot messages Pilot Messages Honeywell Product Support Honeywell Aerospace Online Technical Publications Web Site Customer SupportCustomer Response Center CRC Abbreviations Abbreviation Equivalent FLTPLN, FP RCT, React Federal Aviation Administration FAA Advisory Circulars CancellationAppendix a Purpose General Background PrecautionsBody Damage Combustible Materials Subject Thunderstorms GeneralHazards Squall Lines Tornadoes Turbulence Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm Icing LOW Ceiling and Visibility HailEffect on Altimeters Lightning Weather Radar DO’S and DON’TS of Thunderstorm Flying PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Relationship Between Turbulence and Reflectivity Relationship Between Turbulence and AltitudeTurbulence and Echo Intensity on NWS Radar WSR Turbulence in Relation to Distance from Storm Core Turbulence Above Storm Tops Turbulence in Relation to Distance from the Storm EdgeTurbulence below Cloud Base Maximum Storm Tops Hail in Thunderstorms Extrapolation to Different Climbs USE of Airborne Radar Enhanced Ground-Proximity Warning System Egpws Appendix BSystem Operation Egpws Controls Push Button Controls Annunciators Related Egpws System Operation Egpws Operation Egpws Display Figure B--1 Egpws Test Index Index TGT target, 3-6 tilt TRB turbulence Radar facts cont rain echo attenuation Index--5 BRT brightness or BRT/LSS lightning sensor system