Interpreting Weather Radar Images | Honeywell 880 instruction

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

INTERPRETING WEATHER RADAR IMAGES

From a weather standpoint, hail and turbulence are the principal obstacles to a safe and comfortable flight. Neither of these conditions is directly visible on radar. The radar shows only the rainfall patterns with which these conditions are associated.

The weather radar can see water best in its liquid form, as shown in figure 5- 25 (not water vapor; not ice crystals; not hail when small and perfectly dry). It can see rain, wet snow, wet hail, and dry hail when its diameter is about 8/10 of the radar wavelength or larger. (At X- band, this means that dry hail becomes visible to the radar at about 1- in. diameter.)

REFLECTIVE LEVELS	WILL NOT REFLECT
WET HAIL - GOOD	VAPOR
RAIN - GOOD

ICE CRYSTALS

WET SNOW - GOOD

DRY HAIL - POOR

DRY SNOW - VERY POOR

SMALL DRY HAIL

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Weather Radar Images

Figure 5- 25

A28- 1146- 102- 00	Radar Facts
	5-31

Image 81

Honeywell 880 manual Interpreting Weather Radar Images

Contents

Page PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents Section Radar Facts Appendices Federal Aviation Administration FAAMaximum Permissible Exposure Level Honeywell Product Support Federal Aviation Administration FAA Advisory Circulars List of IllustrationsEnhanced GROUND--PROXIMITY Warning Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail List of Tables Introduction A28- 1146- 102 System Configurations Efis only Configuration PRIMUSâ 880 Configurations Left Right Controller Left Side Right Side Dual Control Mode Truth TableRTA Mode Model Unit Cockpit Mounted Options Remote Mounted EquipmentPrimusr 880 Weather Radar Equipment List Typical PRIMUSâ 880 Weather Radar Components WI- 880 Weather Radar Indicator Operation Operating ControlsTypical PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar Display Range 3 Gmap Calibrated Gain Rainfall Rate Color Coding Rainfall Rate Color In/hr Mm/hr Fsby Forced Standby TGT Target STB Stabilization Selected Range Minimum Target Target Range Depth NM Range TRB TurbulenceAZ Azimuth SCT Scan Sector Tilt BRT Brightness or BRT/LSS Lightning Sensor System Gain WC- 880 Weather Radar Controller Operation WC- 880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations Tilt Radar SLV LSS Gain EFIS/MFD Radar PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Maximum Permissible Exposure Level Mpel Sect Scan Sector TRB Turbulence Detection Range LSS Lightning Sensor System Option SLV Slave WC- 884 Weather Radar Controller Operation WC- 884 Weather Radar Controller BRT BrightnessTGT Target Alert RCT Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique Tilt Mode Rainfall Rate Color In/hr Mm/hr PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Forced Standby Override Hidden Modes Roll Gain Roll OffsetPitch Offset Pitch Gain PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Step Procedure Preliminary Control SettingsPrimusr 880 Power--Up Procedure Cont Normal Operation Output Power is Radiated in Test Mode PRIMUSâ 880 Power- Up ProcedureIndicator Test Pattern 120 Scan WX With Text Fault Enabled 319 Efis Test Pattern Typical 120 Scan Shown WX Radar Mode Weather WI--880 Indicator Test Pattern With Text Fault EnabledStandby REV Test Mode Radar Mode Ground Mapping 4-8 blank Radar Operation Radar Facts Aircraft Heading PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Sea Returns Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude Inch Radiator Tilt Management Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude Inch Radiator PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Range Scale Line Tilt Limited Earth’s Curvature Ideal Tilt Angle Unaltered Tilt Convective Thunderstorms Tilt Management With Heading Changes Proper Tilt Technique Low Altitude Tilt Management Fast Developing Thunderstorm Rules of Thumb Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management Altitude Compensated Tilt ACT Manual Tilt at Low Altitudes Dynamic Error Accelerative ErrorStabilization Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments Criteria Stabilization In Straight and Level Flight Check Procedure Stabilization PrecheckLevel Flight Stabilization Check Ground Return Indicating Misalignment Upper Right Symmetrical Ground Returns Stabilization in Turns Check Procedure Ground Return Indicating Misalignment Upper LeftRoll Stabilization Check Roll Stabilization Inoperative 23. The radar unit is in the roll offset In- flight Roll Offset Adjustment Procedure Push the Stab STB button to go to the next menu pitch offset Roll Offset Adjustment Display Final Pitch Offset Adjustment Procedure Pitch Offset Adjustment Roll Gain Adjustment Roll Gain Adjustment Pitch Gain Adjustment Pitch Gain Adjustment Weather Radar Images Interpreting Weather Radar Images PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Radar and Visual Cloud Mass Squall Line Weather Display Calibration Display Levels Related to VIP Levels Typical LOW Variable Gain Settings can Eliminate Hazardous Targets Variable Gain ControlRain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique React PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System With React Selected ReactReact on and OFF Indications Shadowing Turbulence ProbabilityDo not FLY Into the Shadow Behind the Cell Probability of Turbulence Presence A Weather Target Turbulence Detection Theory Areas of Turbulence can not Always be Detected by the Radar No Turbulence Total Return Vector Turbulence Detection Operation TurbulentWeather Display With Turbulence PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar can only Detect Turbulence Levels From Airman’s Information Manual Hail Size Probability Hail Size Probability Spotting Hail Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail Familiar Hailstorm Patterns Overshooting a Storm Short- and Long- Blind Alley Azimuth Resolution in Weather Modes Azimuth Resolution Radome Weather Display Weather Avoidance Nificant Weather MAY not be Displayed Do not Leave the Radar in Variable GAIN. SIGDRY Hail can be Prevalent AT Higher Alti Tudes WITHIN, NEAR, or Above Storm Cells Severe Weather Avoidance Procedures 10 3. Interaction With Other Storms. a thunderstorm that is Step Procedure Storms Situated Behind Intervening Rain Configurations of Individual Echoes Northern HemisphereFall MAY be More Severe than Depicted on Display Typical Hook Pattern Notch Echo, Pendant Shape Avoid V- Notch by 20 Miles Classic Pendant Shape Avoid Pendant by 20 Miles Avoid Steep Rain Gradients by 20 Miles Rain GradientsAvoid ALL Crescent Shaped Echoes by 20 Miles Crescent Shape Line Configurations Line Echo Wave Pattern Lewp Avoid Line Echo Wave Patterns Lewp by 20 Miles Bow- Shaped Line of Thunderstorms Avoid BOW- Shaped Line of Echoes by 20 Miles Additional Hazards Turbulence Versus Distance from Storm CoreTurbulence Versus Distance from Storm Edge Ground Mapping Display Ground Mapping Tilt Setting for Maximal Ground Target Display Inch Radiator Range Scale Mpel Boundary Maximum Permissible Exposure Level Mpel In- Flight Troubleshooting Test Mode With Text Faults Enabled Field No Description Fault Data Fields 315 Text Faults Cont Fault Code and Text Fault Relationships IO Fpga REG Text Faults Pilot Messages Describes the pilot messages Honeywell Product Support Customer Support Honeywell Aerospace Online Technical Publications Web SiteCustomer Response Center CRC Abbreviation Equivalent Abbreviations FLTPLN, FP RCT, React Cancellation Federal Aviation Administration FAA Advisory CircularsAppendix a Purpose Background Precautions GeneralBody Damage Combustible Materials General Subject ThunderstormsHazards Squall Lines Turbulence Tornadoes Icing Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm Hail LOW Ceiling and VisibilityEffect on Altimeters Weather Radar Lightning DO’S and DON’TS of Thunderstorm Flying PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Relationship Between Turbulence and Altitude Relationship Between Turbulence and ReflectivityTurbulence and Echo Intensity on NWS Radar WSR Turbulence in Relation to Distance from Storm Core Turbulence in Relation to Distance from the Storm Edge Turbulence Above Storm TopsTurbulence below Cloud Base Hail in Thunderstorms Maximum Storm Tops USE of Airborne Radar Extrapolation to Different Climbs Appendix B Enhanced Ground-Proximity Warning System EgpwsSystem Operation Egpws Controls Annunciators Push Button Controls Egpws Operation Related Egpws System Operation Egpws Display Figure B--1 Egpws Test Index Index TGT target, 3-6 tilt TRB turbulence Radar facts cont rain echo attenuation Index--5 BRT brightness or BRT/LSS lightning sensor system