Shadowing, Turbulence Probability | Honeywell 880 manual

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

Shadowing

An operating technique similar to the REACT blue field is shadowing. To use the shadowing technique, tilt the antenna down until ground is being painted just in front of the storm cell(s). An area of no ground returns behind the storm cell has the appearance of a shadow behind the cell. This shadow area indicates that the storm cell has totally attenuated the radar energy and the radar cannot show any additional targets (WX or ground) behind the cell. The cell that produces a radar shadow is a very strong and dangerous cell. It should be avoided by 20 miles.

WARNING

DO NOT FLY INTO THE SHADOW BEHIND THE CELL.

Turbulence Probability

The graph of turbulence probability is shown in figure 5- 29. This graph shows the following:

DThere is a 100% probability of light turbulence occurring in any area of rain.

DA level one storm (all green) has virtually no chance of containing severe or extreme turbulence but has between a 5% and 20% chance that moderate turbulence exists.

DA level two storm (one containing green and yellow returns) has virtually no probability of extreme turbulence but has a 20% to 40% chance of moderate turbulence and up to a 5% chance of severe turbulence.

DA level three storm (green, yellow, and red radar returns) has a 40% to 85% chance of moderate turbulence, a 5% to 10% chance of severe turbulence, and a slight chance of extreme turbulence.

DA level four storm (one with a magenta return) has moderate turbulence, a 10% to 50% chance of severe turbulence, and a slight to 25% chance of extreme turbulence.

WARNING

THE AREAS OF TURBULENCE MAY NOT BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAXIMUM RAINFALL AREAS. THE PROBABILITIES OF TURBULENCE ARE STATED FOR THE ENTIRE STORM AREA, NOT JUST THE HEAVY RAINFALL AREAS.

Radar Facts	A28- 1146- 102- 00
5-40

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Honeywell 880 manual Shadowing, Turbulence Probability, Do not FLY Into the Shadow Behind the Cell

Contents

Page PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents Maximum Permissible Exposure Level Appendices Federal Aviation Administration FAASection Radar Facts Honeywell Product Support Federal Aviation Administration FAA Advisory Circulars List of IllustrationsEnhanced GROUND--PROXIMITY Warning Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail List of Tables Introduction A28- 1146- 102 System Configurations PRIMUSâ 880 Configurations Efis only Configuration RTA Dual Control Mode Truth TableLeft Right Controller Left Side Right Side Mode Model Unit Cockpit Mounted Options Remote Mounted EquipmentPrimusr 880 Weather Radar Equipment List Typical PRIMUSâ 880 Weather Radar Components WI- 880 Weather Radar Indicator Operation Operating ControlsTypical PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar Display Range 3 Gmap Calibrated Gain Rainfall Rate Color In/hr Mm/hr Rainfall Rate Color Coding Fsby Forced Standby TGT Target Selected Range Minimum Target Target Range Depth NM STB Stabilization AZ Azimuth TRB TurbulenceRange SCT Scan Sector BRT Brightness or BRT/LSS Lightning Sensor System Tilt Gain WC- 880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations WC- 880 Weather Radar Controller Operation Tilt Radar SLV LSS Gain Radar EFIS/MFD PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Maximum Permissible Exposure Level Mpel Sect Scan Sector TRB Turbulence Detection Range SLV Slave LSS Lightning Sensor System Option WC- 884 Weather Radar Controller Operation WC- 884 Weather Radar Controller BRT BrightnessTGT Target Alert RCT Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique Tilt Mode Rainfall Rate Color In/hr Mm/hr PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Hidden Modes Forced Standby Override Pitch Offset Roll OffsetRoll Gain Pitch Gain PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Primusr 880 Power--Up Procedure Cont Preliminary Control SettingsStep Procedure Normal Operation Output Power is Radiated in Test Mode PRIMUSâ 880 Power- Up ProcedureIndicator Test Pattern 120 Scan WX With Text Fault Enabled Efis Test Pattern Typical 120 Scan Shown WX 319 Radar Mode Weather WI--880 Indicator Test Pattern With Text Fault EnabledStandby REV Radar Mode Ground Mapping Test Mode 4-8 blank Radar Facts Radar Operation Aircraft Heading PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Sea Returns Tilt Management Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude Inch Radiator Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude Inch Radiator PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Range Scale Line Tilt Limited Ideal Tilt Angle Earth’s Curvature Convective Thunderstorms Unaltered Tilt Proper Tilt Technique Tilt Management With Heading Changes Fast Developing Thunderstorm Low Altitude Tilt Management Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management Rules of Thumb Altitude Compensated Tilt ACT Manual Tilt at Low Altitudes Dynamic Error Accelerative ErrorStabilization Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments Criteria Stabilization In Straight and Level Flight Check Procedure Stabilization PrecheckLevel Flight Stabilization Check Symmetrical Ground Returns Ground Return Indicating Misalignment Upper Right Stabilization in Turns Check Procedure Ground Return Indicating Misalignment Upper LeftRoll Stabilization Check Roll Stabilization Inoperative In- flight Roll Offset Adjustment Procedure 23. The radar unit is in the roll offset Push the Stab STB button to go to the next menu pitch offset Roll Offset Adjustment Display Final Pitch Offset Adjustment Pitch Offset Adjustment Procedure Roll Gain Adjustment Roll Gain Adjustment Pitch Gain Adjustment Pitch Gain Adjustment Interpreting Weather Radar Images Weather Radar Images PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Radar and Visual Cloud Mass Squall Line Weather Display Calibration Display Levels Related to VIP Levels Typical LOW Variable Gain Settings can Eliminate Hazardous Targets Variable Gain ControlRain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique React PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System With React Selected ReactReact on and OFF Indications Shadowing Turbulence ProbabilityDo not FLY Into the Shadow Behind the Cell Probability of Turbulence Presence A Weather Target Turbulence Detection Theory Areas of Turbulence can not Always be Detected by the Radar Total Return Vector No Turbulence Turbulence Detection Operation TurbulentWeather Display With Turbulence PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar can only Detect Hail Size Probability Turbulence Levels From Airman’s Information Manual Spotting Hail Hail Size Probability Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail Familiar Hailstorm Patterns Overshooting a Storm Short- and Long- Blind Alley Azimuth Resolution Azimuth Resolution in Weather Modes Radome Weather Avoidance Weather Display DRY Hail can be Prevalent AT Higher Alti Do not Leave the Radar in Variable GAIN. SIGNificant Weather MAY not be Displayed Tudes WITHIN, NEAR, or Above Storm Cells Severe Weather Avoidance Procedures 10 3. Interaction With Other Storms. a thunderstorm that is Step Procedure Fall MAY be More Severe than Depicted on Configurations of Individual Echoes Northern HemisphereStorms Situated Behind Intervening Rain Display Typical Hook Pattern Avoid V- Notch by 20 Miles Notch Echo, Pendant Shape Avoid Pendant by 20 Miles Classic Pendant Shape Avoid Steep Rain Gradients by 20 Miles Rain GradientsAvoid ALL Crescent Shaped Echoes by 20 Miles Line Configurations Crescent Shape Avoid Line Echo Wave Patterns Lewp by 20 Miles Line Echo Wave Pattern Lewp Avoid BOW- Shaped Line of Echoes by 20 Miles Bow- Shaped Line of Thunderstorms Additional Hazards Turbulence Versus Distance from Storm CoreTurbulence Versus Distance from Storm Edge Ground Mapping Ground Mapping Display Tilt Setting for Maximal Ground Target Display Inch Radiator Range Scale Maximum Permissible Exposure Level Mpel Mpel Boundary In- Flight Troubleshooting Test Mode With Text Faults Enabled Fault Data Fields Field No Description 315 Fault Code and Text Fault Relationships Text Faults Cont IO Fpga REG Text Faults Describes the pilot messages Pilot Messages Honeywell Product Support Customer Support Honeywell Aerospace Online Technical Publications Web SiteCustomer Response Center CRC Abbreviations Abbreviation Equivalent FLTPLN, FP RCT, React Appendix a Federal Aviation Administration FAA Advisory CircularsCancellation Purpose Background Precautions GeneralBody Damage Combustible Materials Hazards Subject ThunderstormsGeneral Squall Lines Tornadoes Turbulence Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm Icing Hail LOW Ceiling and VisibilityEffect on Altimeters Lightning Weather Radar DO’S and DON’TS of Thunderstorm Flying PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System Turbulence and Echo Intensity on NWS Radar WSR Relationship Between Turbulence and ReflectivityRelationship Between Turbulence and Altitude Turbulence in Relation to Distance from Storm Core Turbulence in Relation to Distance from the Storm Edge Turbulence Above Storm TopsTurbulence below Cloud Base Maximum Storm Tops Hail in Thunderstorms Extrapolation to Different Climbs USE of Airborne Radar System Operation Enhanced Ground-Proximity Warning System EgpwsAppendix B Egpws Controls Push Button Controls Annunciators Related Egpws System Operation Egpws Operation Egpws Display Figure B--1 Egpws Test Index Index TGT target, 3-6 tilt TRB turbulence Radar facts cont rain echo attenuation Index--5 BRT brightness or BRT/LSS lightning sensor system