80960HA/HD/HT

1.0About This Document

This document describes the parametric performance of Intel’s 80960Hx embedded superscalar microprocessors. Detailed descriptions for functional topics, other than parametric performance, are published in the i960® Hx Microprocessor User’s Guide (272484).

In this document, ‘80960Hx’ and ‘i960 Hx processor’ refer to the products described in Table 1. Throughout this document, information that is specific to each is clearly indicated.

Figure 1. 80960Hx Block Diagram

 

 

Instruction Prefetch Queue

Guarded Memory Unit

Control

 

 

 

 

 

 

JTAG Port

Instruction Cache

Memory Region Configuration

 

 

 

16 Kbyte, Four-Way Set-Associative

Address

 

 

Bus Controller

 

Timers

 

 

 

128-Bit Cache Bus

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bus Request Queues

Data

Interrupt

Programmable

 

 

Parallel Instruction Scheduler

 

 

Port

Interrupt Controller

Data Cache

 

 

 

 

8 Kbyte, Four-Way Set-Associative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Multiply/Divide Unit

 

 

Data RAM - 2 Kbyte

 

 

 

Register-Side

Memory-Side

 

 

Execution Unit

 

 

 

Machine Bus

Machine Bus

Register Cache - 5 to 15 sets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Six-Port Register File

Address Generation Unit

 

 

 

64-bit SRC1 Bus

32-bit Base Bus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

64-bit SRC2 Bus

128-bit Load Bus

 

 

 

 

64-bit DST Bus

128-bit Store Bus

 

 

2.0Intel 80960Hx Processor

The Intel 80960Hx processor provides new performance levels while maintaining backward compatibility (pin1 and software) with the i960 CA/CF processor. This newest member of the family of i960 32-bit, RISC-style, embedded processors allows customers to create scalable designs that meet multiple price and performance points. This is accomplished by providing processors that may run at the bus speed or faster using Intel’s clock multiplying technology (see Table 1). The 80960Hx core is capable of issuing 150 million instructions per second, using a sophisticated instruction scheduler that allows the processor to sustain a throughput of two instructions every core clock, with a peak performance of three instructions per clock. The 80960Hx-series comprises three processors, which differ in the ratio of core clock speed to external bus speed.

Table 1. 80960Hx Product Description

Product

Core

Voltage

Operating Frequency (bus/core)

 

 

 

 

80960HA

1x

3.3 V

25/25, 33/33, 40/40

80960HD

2x

3.3 V

25/50, 33/66, 40/80

80960HT

3x

3.3 V

25/75

Processor inputs are 5 V tolerant.

1.The 80960Hx is not “ drop-in” compatible in an 80960Cx-based system. Customers may design systems that accept either 80960Hx or Cx processors.

Datasheet

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Intel 80960HD, 80960HT, 80960HA manual Hx Product Description, Product Core Voltage Operating Frequency bus/core

80960HT, 80960HA, 80960HD specifications

The Intel 80960 family of microprocessors, introduced in the late 1980s, marked a significant evolution in the landscape of embedded systems and high-performance computing. The series included notable members such as the 80960HD, 80960HA, and 80960HT, each offering distinct features, technologies, and characteristics tailored for specific applications.

The Intel 80960HD was primarily designed for high-performance applications, such as real-time processing and advanced embedded control systems. With a robust architecture, the 80960HD featured a 32-bit data bus and a 32-bit address bus, enabling it to access a larger memory space and providing superior performance for computational tasks. It included a sophisticated instruction set that facilitated efficient execution, particularly for computationally intensive tasks. The internal architecture also supported pipelining, allowing multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously, thus enhancing throughput.

The 80960HA variant was tailored for high-availability applications, making it ideal for embedded systems where reliability is paramount. This model incorporated features that emphasized fault tolerance and stability, ensuring that systems relying on it could maintain operational integrity even in the event of component failures. The 80960HA showcased enhanced error detection and correction capabilities, which contributed to its reputation as a dependable choice for mission-critical applications.

On the other hand, the 80960HT was designed to meet the needs of high-performance telecommunications and networking applications. Recognized for its ability to handle multiple tasks concurrently, the 80960HT included advanced features such as built-in support for multitasking and real-time processing. This made it an excellent fit for applications that demanded rapid data handling and processing, such as routers and switches in networking environments. Its architecture allowed for efficient context switching, ensuring that multiple processes could execute seamlessly.

All three variants utilized the same family architecture, enabling easy integration and compatibility across different applications. They also supported various memory management techniques, such as virtual memory and caching, enhancing their performance in diverse operating conditions. With their combination of high processing power, reliability, and flexibility, the Intel 80960 family of microprocessors played a crucial role in advancing embedded computing technologies, paving the way for modern-day processors and systems. The 80960 series remains a noteworthy chapter in the evolution of microprocessor design, reflecting the growing demands of the computing landscape during its time.