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      

   

,iB;9J?EDD;P I?CFB;C;DJ B; 9O9B; 9EHH;IFED:7DJ 7K J?IIK ;J
KD HiI;7K :; 97FJ;KHI DKCiH?GK;I FHE=H7CC; ;J IKHL;?BB;
JEKI B;I 7IF;9JI :K B7L7=; O 9ECFH?I B; D?L;7K :; B;7K
BiGK?B?8H7=; :;I 9>7H=;I ;J B; DEC8H; :; H?Dg7=; ;D
<ED9J?ED :K D?L;7K :;7K I7LEDD;KI;

    

.D; 9>7HD?hH; H;D<EH9i; ;J KD @E?DJ DEKL;7K
HiLEBKJ?EDD7?H; C7?DJ?;DD;DJ B; >K8BEJ 8?;D <;HCi "BI
H;J?;DD;DJ 7KII? B7 9>7B;KH FH?IEDD?hH; ;J F;HC;JJ;DJ d LEJH;
B?D=; :7JJ;?D:H; KD; J;CFiH7JKH; EFJ?C7B; :iB?C?D;H B;I
I7B?IIKH;I CjC; B;I FBKI H;8;BB;I

   

.D 879 d FHE:K?J B;II?L?;B d 9ECF7HJ?C;DJI :?IJH?8K;
7KJEC7J?GK;C;DJ B;I GK7DJ?JiI 7FFHEFH?i;I :; :iJ;H=;DJ
:; FHE:K?J 8B7D9>?II7DJ ;J :; FHE:K?J 7:EK9?II7DJ
;N79J;C;DJ 7KN 8EDI CEC;DJI ; 879 ?DJ;H7=?J 7L;9 DEJH;
IED:; :iJ;9JH?9; :; CEKII; KD?GK; ;D IED =;DH; FEKH
7IIKH;H GK; LEJH; B?D=; IE?J H?D9i @KIGKd E8J;DJ?ED :KD;
FHEFH;Ji F7H<7?J;

  

);D:7DJ 9; 9O9B; ?DDEL7DJ KD; IED:; ?DJ;BB?=;DJ;
9ECC7D:i; F7H J>;HCEIJ7J <7?J 9>7K<<;H B;7K @KIGKd °
;J C7?DJ?;DJ 9;JJ; J;CFiH7JKH; F;D:7DJ ;N79J;C;DJ
C?DKJ;I 9; GK? JK;  :;I 879JiH?;I :EC;IJ?GK;I B;I
FBKI 9EKH7DJ;I DIK?J; B7J;CFiH7JKH; ;IJ H7C;Di; d
° FEKH D;F7I 78lC;H B; B?D=; ; 9O9B; B; D;JJE?; ;J
B7II7?D?J ;D FHE<ED:;KH I7DI ;D:ECC7=;H B;I <?8H;I

   

%7 B7L;KI; KBJH7,;DI; 9ECFEHJ; JEKJ; KD; =7CC; :;
FHE=H7CC;I IFi9?7B;C;DJ C?I 7K FE?DJ FEKH :?<<iH;DJI
JOF;I :; J?IIK;I %; 9O9B; :7HAEBEH B?D=; <ED9i B7L;
:iB?97J;C;DJ B; B?D=; I7DI B; :i9EBEH;H .D 9O9B; FEKH
LjJ;C;DJI :;NJiH?;KH B7L; B;I J?IIKI CE:;HD;I 7L;9
;<<?979?Ji J KD 9O9B; I7D?J7?H; d E iB?C?D;  :;I
879JiH?;I

  

-7D:?I GK; LEJH; B?D=; ;IJ 8H7IIi ;D :EK9;KH B;I 7K8;I <EDJ
JEC8;H :; B;7K ;D 97I97:; :;FK?I KD; >7KJ;KH ?CFEHJ7DJ;
iL79K7DJ 7?DI? B7 CEKII; ;J 9ED<iH7DJ d B;DI;C8B; :K B?D=;
KD; FHEFH;Ji KD?<EHC; .D J7C8EKH ?D9B?Di ?DJ;H7=?J 7L;9 B;I
F7B;I FEKH 7IIKH;H GK; F7I KD; 9>;C?I; Di9>7FF; 7K
C7B7N7=;

   

%; J7C8EKH :K B7L;B?D=; KBJH7,;DI; FHiI;DJ; :;I
9;DJ7?D;I :; JHEKI :EK8B; F;H<EH7J?ED d8EH:I 7HHED:?I
F;HC;JJ7DJ d LEI LjJ;C;DJ :jJH; C7B7NiI ;D :EK9;KH I7DI
H?IGK; :; I799HE9>;H

 

.D; HiI?IJ7D9; 9>7K<<7DJ; ?DJ;HD; FEHJ; B;7K d °
J7D:?I GKKD; IED:; J>;HCECiJH?GK; DKCiH?GK; IKHL;?BB;
;D F;HC7D;D9; B7 J;CFiH7JKH; %;I B7L;B?D=; ,?;C;DI
KBJH7,;DI; E<<H;DJ B7 CiJ>E:; :; 9>7K<<7=; B7 FBKI
;<<?979; ;J B7 FBKI FHi9?I; FEKH 9>7GK; JOF; :; J;NJ?B;
IiB;9J?EDDi

 

%;I B7L;B?D=; ,?;C;DI <EDJ 7FF;B d :;I CEJ;KHI I7DI
87B7?I d :;I IOIJhC;I :; FECF7=; IKIF;D:KI ;J d :;I
C7JiH?7KN ?DIEDEH?I7DJI FEKH GK?BI :i=7=;DJ ;NJHjC;C;DJ
F;K :; 8HK?J F;D:7DJ B;KH <ED9J?EDD;C;DJ ;9? I?=D?<?; GK?B
;IJ FEII?8B; :; B;I ?DIJ7BB;H :; <79JE D?CFEHJ; Ep:7DI B7
C7?IED I7DI GK?BI D; =jD;DJ F;HIEDD;

   

  

%7 B7L;KI; KBJH7,;DI; ;IJ 9EDgK; FEKH JH7?J;H B;I 9>7H=;I
B;I FBKI ?CFEHJ7DJ;I ,ED iDEHC; 97F79?Ji :;  F?
F;HC;J :; B7L;H 7?IiC;DJ  I;HL?;JJ;I :; JE?B;JJ; EK KD
9EKLH;F?;: F?GKi =H7D: <EHC7J 7KJH; F7HJ BEKL;HJKH;
:; B7 FEHJ; B7 FBKI =H7D:; :7DI I7 97Ji=EH?; <79?B?J; B;
9>7H=;C;DJ ;J B; :i9>7H=;C;DJ :;I 9>7H=;I ?CFEHJ7DJ;I