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ZyXEL Communications G-1000 manual Fragmentation Threshold, Rts/Cts

Models: G-1000

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Figure 105 RTS/CTS

G-1000 User’s Guide

Figure 105 RTS/CTS

When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.

RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.

When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.

Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.

You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.

If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.

Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.

Fragmentation Threshold

A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.

Wireless LANs

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ZyXEL Communications G-1000 manual Fragmentation Threshold, Rts/Cts

Contents

User’s Guide 802.11g Wireless Access PointG-1000 Trademarks CopyrightDisclaimer Information for Canadian Users Federal Communications Commission FCC Interference StatementCertifications Safety Warnings ZyXEL Limited Warranty Product model and serial number Warranty Information Customer SupportBrief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it Date that you received your deviceCustomer Support G-1000 User’s GuideCustomer Support G-1000 User’s GuideSafety Warnings Table of ContentsZyXEL Limited Warranty CopyrightG-1000 User’s Guide Remote Management Screens Wireless LANChapter ChapterGeneral Setup MaintenanceChapter ChapterSystem Password Appendix B G-1000 User’s Guide List of FiguresFigure 6 The MAIN MENU Screen of the Web Configurator Figure 37 System Status Show Statistics Figure 80 Menu 24 System Maintenance G-1000 User’s Guide G-1000 User’s Guide List of TablesTable 37 Restore Configuration Table 80 Subnet G-1000 User’s Guide Related Documentation PrefaceAbout This Users Guide Graphics Icons Key User Guide FeedbackSyntax Conventions 1.2.1 Physical Features 1.2 G-1000 Features1.2.1.3 Reset Button Getting to Know Your G-10001.2.2.2 Wi-Fi Protected Access 1.2.2 Firmware Features1.2.2.3 802.11b Wireless LAN Standard 1.2.1.4 G-1000 LED1.2.2.7 Brute-Force Password Guessing Protection 1.2.2.4 802.11g Wireless LAN Standard1.2.2.8 Wireless LAN MAC Address Filtering 1.2.2.5 STP Spanning Tree Protocol / RSTP Rapid STP1.3 Applications for the G-1000 1.2.2.15 Wireless Association List1.2.2.10 IEEE 802.1x Network Security 1.2.2.11 SNMP1.3.2 Corporation Network Application 1.3.1 Internet Access ApplicationChapter 1 Getting to Know Your G-1000 G-1000 User’s GuideCH A P T E R Hardware Installation and Initial Setup2.1 Front Panel of the G-1000 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Initial Setup 2.2 Top Panel and Connections of the G-1000G-1000 User’s Guide Table 3 Front Panel LED Description COLOR2.2.1 One 10/100M Ethernet Port 2.2.2 Power Port2.2.3 The RESET Button 2.5 Configuring Your G-1000 2.4 Additional Installation Requirements2.3 Hardware Mounting Options 2.2.4 AntennasCH A P T E R Introducing the Web Configurator3.1 Accessing the G-1000 Web Configurator 3.2.1 Procedure To Use The Reset Button 3.2 Resetting the G-10003.2.2 Method of Restoring Factory-Defaults 3.3 Navigating the G-1000 Web ConfiguratorClick LOGOUT at any time to exit the web configurator 4.1 Wizard Setup Overview Wizard Setup4.1.1 Channel 4.1.2 ESS ID4.3 Wizard Setup Wireless LAN 4.2 Wizard Setup General SetupFigure 7 Wizard 1 General Setup Table 5 Wizard 1 General Setupwireless card inserted in the G-1000 Note This field is only available when you have an externalFigure 8 Wizard 2 Wireless LAN Setup Table 6 Wizard 2 Wireless LAN Setup4.4.2 IP Address and Subnet Mask 4.4 Wizard Setup IP Address4.4.1 IP Address Assignment the new IP address if you want to access the web configurator by the DHCP server to access the G-1000 againNote You must know the IP address assigned to the G-1000 Note If you changed the G-1000s IP address, you must useClick Finish to proceed to complete the Wizard setup 4.5 Basic Setup CompleteBack Finish Click Back to return to the previous screenSystem Screens 5.2 Configuring General Setup5.1 System Overview Figure 11 System General SetupTable 10 Password 5.3 Configuring PasswordFigure 12 Password Figure 13 Time Setting 5.4 Configuring Time SettingTable 11 Time Setting G-1000 User’s GuideG-1000 User’s Guide Table 11 Time SettingChapter 5 System Screens LABEL6.2 Wireless Security Overview Wireless LAN6.2.2 Authentication 6.1 Introduction6.2.4 Hide G-1000 Identity 6.2.3 Restricted Access6.2.5 Configuring Wireless LAN on the G-1000 6.3.1 WEP Encryption 6.3 Configuring the Wireless Screento the wireless LAN and you change the G-1000’s ESSID or WEP Note If you are configuring the G-1000 from a computer connectedsettings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of yourChapter 6 Wireless LAN Table 13 WirelessG-1000 User’s Guide LABEL6.4 Configuring Roaming 6.4.1 Requirements for Roaming have the same ESSID to allow roaming 6.5 MAC FilterNote All APs on the same subnet and the wireless stations must G-1000 User’s Guide Chapter 6 Wireless LANFigure 17 MAC Address Filter Table 15 MAC Address Filter6.6.1 WPA2-PSK Application Example 6.6 Introduction to WPA6.6.2 WPA2 with RADIUS Application Example 6.6.3 Wireless Client WPA Supplicants 6.7 Configuring IEEE 802.1x and WPA6.7.1 Authentication Required server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has Note If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUSFigure 21 Wireless LAN 802.1x/WPA for 802.1x Protocol Table 17 Wireless LAN 802.1x/WPA for 802.1x ProtocolTable 17 Wireless LAN 802.1x/WPA for 802.1x Protocol 6.7.2 Authentication Required WPAChapter 6 Wireless LAN G-1000 User’s Guide6.7.3 Authentication Required WPA-PSK Figure 23 Wireless LAN 802.1x/WPA for WPA-PSK Protocol 6.7.4 Authentication Required WPA2Table 19 Wireless LAN 802.1x/WPA for WPA-PSK Protocol Chapter 6 Wireless LAN6.7.5 Authentication Required WPA2-PSK 6.8 Configuring RADIUS G-1000 User’s Guide Chapter 6 Wireless LANFigure 26 RADIUS Screen Table 22 RADIUS Screen7.1 TCP/IP Parameters IP Screen7.1.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask 7.1.2 WAN IP Address Assignmentby the DHCP server to access the G-1000 again 7.2 Configuring IPnew IP address if you want to access the web configurator Figure 27 IP Setup8.1 Remote Management Overview Remote Management Screens8.1.1 Remote Management Limitations CH A P T E R8.1.2 Remote Management and NAT 8.2 Configuring WWW8.1.3 System Timeout 8.4 Configuring TELNET 8.3 Configuring Telnet8.5 Configuring FTP Note SNMP is only available if TCP/IP is configured 8.6 SNMPGet - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent 8.6.2 SNMP Traps 8.6.1 Supported MIBsG-1000 User’s Guide Table 28 SNMP Traps8.6.3 SNMP Interface Index 8.6.4 Configuring SNMPSNMP Configuration enet0Table 30 Remote Management SNMP G-1000 User’s GuideChapter 8 Remote Management Screens LABELChapter 8 Remote Management Screens G-1000 User’s GuideCH A P T E R 9.1 Configuring View LogLog Screens Table 31 View Log 9.2 Configuring Log SettingsFigure 34 View Log Table 32 Log Settings Figure 35 Log SettingsG-1000 User’s Guide Chapter 9 Log ScreensG-1000 User’s Guide Table 32 Log SettingsChapter 9 Log Screens LABEL10.1 Maintenance Overview Maintenance10.2 System Status Screen CH A P T E R10.2.1 System Statistics 10.3 Association ListChapter 10 Maintenance 10.4 F/W Upload ScreenG-1000 User’s Guide Figure 38 Association ListFigure 40 Firmware Upload In Process Note Do not turn off the G-1000 while firmware upload is in progressFigure 39 Firmware Upload Figure 41 Network Temporarily Disconnected 10.5 Configuration ScreenFigure 42 Firmware Upload Error Figure 43 Configuration 10.5.1 Backup Configuration10.5.2 Restore Configuration Figure 45 Network Temporarily Disconnected Figure 44 Configuration Upload Successful10.6 Restart Screen 10.5.3 Back to Factory Defaults11.2 Changing the System Password 11.1 Connect to your G-1000 Using TelnetIntroducing the SMT CH A P T E RFigure 50 Menu 23.1 System Security Change Password 11.3 G-1000 SMT Menus OverviewTable 39 Main Menu Commands 11.4 Navigating the SMT InterfaceG-1000 User’s Guide Table 38 SMT Menus Overview continued Chapter 11 Introducing the SMTG-1000 User’s Guide Table 39 Main Menu CommandsFigure 51 G-1000 SMT Main Menu Table 40 Main Menu SummaryCH A P T E R General SetupChapter 12 General Setup Table 41 Menu 1 General SetupG-1000 User’s Guide FIELD13.1 LAN Setup LAN Setup13.2 TCP/IP Ethernet Setup CH A P T E RFigure 54 Menu 3.2 TCP/IP Setup 13.3 Wireless LAN SetupTable 43 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup G-1000 User’s Guide Figure 55 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN SetupChapter 13 LAN Setup FIELDTable 43 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup 13.3.1 Configuring MAC Address FilterChapter 13 LAN Setup ConfigurationFigure 56 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup 2 Enter 5 to display Menu 3.5 - Wireless LAN SetupChapter 13 LAN Setup ENTER. Menu 3.5.1 - WLAN MAC Address Filter displays as shown next2 Enter 5 to display Menu 3.5 - Wireless LAN Setup 13.3.2 Configuring RoamingFigure 58 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup Chapter 13 LAN SetupTable 45 Menu 3.5.4 Bridge Link Configuration Figure 59 WLAN Roaming ConfigurationChapter 13 LAN Setup G-1000 User’s GuideG-1000 User’s Guide Chapter 13 LAN SetupCH A P T E R Dial-in User SetupG-1000 User’s Guide Chapter 14 Dial-in User SetupFigure 61 Menu 14.1- Edit Dial-in User Table 46 Menu 14.1- Edit Dial-in UserFigure 62 Menu 22 SNMP Configuration SNMP ConfigurationTable 47 Menu 22 SNMP Configuration Chapter 15 SNMP ConfigurationG-1000 User’s Guide Chapter 15 SNMP Configuration16.2 Configuring External RADIUS Server 16.1 System PasswordSystem Security CH A P T E RTable 48 Menu 23.2 System Security RADIUS Server G-1000 User’s Guide Figure 65 Menu 23.2 System Security RADIUS ServerChapter 16 System Security FIELD2 Enter 4 to display Menu 23.4 - System Security - IEEE802.1x 16.3G-1000 User’s Guide Figure 67 Menu 23.4 System Security IEEE802.1x Required or No Access AllowedTable 49 Menu 23.4 System Security IEEE802.1x Chapter 16 System SecurityWhen you configure Key Management Protocol to WPA, the Authentication configure Data Privacy for Broadcast/Multicast packets fieldG-1000 User’s Guide Table 49 Menu 23.4 System Security IEEE802.1xChapter 16 System Security G-1000 User’s GuideCH A P T E R System Information and Diagnosis17.1 System Status 1 Enter 24 to display Menu 24 - System Maintenance 17.2 System InformationFigure 69 Menu 24.1 System Maintenance Status Table 50 Menu 24.1 System Maintenance StatusTable 51 Menu 24.2.1 System Maintenance Information 17.2.1 System InformationMenu 1 - General Setup G-1000 User’s Guide17.2.2 Console Port Speed 17.3 DiagnosticFollow the procedure next to get to display this menu Chapter 17 System Information and Diagnosis G-1000 User’s GuideCH A P T E R Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance18.1 Filename Conventions 18.2.1 Backup Configuration Using FTP 18.2 Backup Configuration18.2.2 Using the FTP command from the DOS Prompt Figure 75 FTP Session Example 18.2.3 Backup Configuration Using TFTP18.2.5 Backup Via Console Port 18.2.4 Example TFTP Command1 Display menu 24.5 and enter “y” at the following screen CH A P T E R System Maintenance and Information19.1 Command Interpreter Mode Figure 81 Valid CI Commands 19.2 Time and Date SettingFigure 80 Menu 24 System Maintenance Table 56 System Maintenance Time and Date Setting Figure 82 Menu 24.10 System Maintenance Time and Date SettingChapter 19 System Maintenance and Information G-1000 User’s Guide19.3.4 Remote Management Setup 19.3 Remote Management Setup19.3.1 Telnet 19.3.2 FTPChapter 19 System Maintenance and Information 19.3.5 Remote Management LimitationsLAN only , WAN only , All or Disable . The default is LAN only G-1000 User’s Guide19.4 Remote Management and NAT 19.5 System TimeoutProblems Starting Up the G-1000 TroubleshootingProblems with the Ethernet Interface Appendix AProblems with Telnet Problems with the PasswordProblems with the WLAN Interface Table 61 Troubleshooting the PasswordAppendix B SpecificationsHardware FirmwareG-1000 User’s Guide Table 65 Firmware continued SpecificationsExample Brute-Force Password Guessing ProtectionAppendix C G-1000 User’s Guide Brute-Force Password Guessing ProtectionWindows 95/98/Me Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressInstalling Components Configuring Windows 2000/NT/XP Verifying Settings3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressG-1000 User’s Guide Figure 88 Windows XP Start MenuPage In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add Verifying Settings Macintosh OS 8/91 Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt 8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window2 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressG-1000 User’s Guide Figure 94 Macintosh OS 8/9 Apple MenuVerifying Settings Macintosh OS5 Close the TCP/IP Control Panel Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show listVerifying Settings G-1000 User’s Guide Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressIP Address Assignment Conflicts Case A The G-1000 is using the same LAN and WAN IP addressesAppendix E G-1000 User’s Guide Figure 99 IP Address Conflicts Case B Case D Two or more subscribers have the same IP addressFigure 100 IP Address Conflicts Case C IP Address Assignment ConflictsG-1000 User’s Guide In this case, the subscribers are not able to access the InternetFigure 101 IP Address Conflicts Case D IP Address Assignment ConflictsIP Address Assignment Conflicts G-1000 User’s GuideWireless LAN Topologies Wireless LANsAd-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration Appendix FPage RTS/CTS ChannelWireless LANs G-1000 User’s Guide Figure 104 Infrastructure WLANFigure 105 RTS/CTS Fragmentation ThresholdPreamble Type IEEE 802.11g Wireless LANTypes of RADIUS Messages IEEERADIUS EAP-MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm Types of AuthenticationEAP-TLS Transport Layer Security EAP-TTLS Tunneled Transport Layer ServicePEAP Protected EAP LEAPEncryption WPA2Security Parameters Summary User AuthenticationWireless LANs Table 69 Wireless Security Relational Matrix continuedAUTHENTICATION ENABLE IEEEG-1000 User’s Guide Wireless LANsIP Subnetting Appendix GIP Addressing IP ClassesSubnetting Subnet MasksSUBNET MASK IP ADDRESS Example Two SubnetsSUBNET MASK “1” BITS LAST OCTET BIT VALUETable 76 Subnet Table 75 SubnetTable 77 Subnet Example Four SubnetsTable 78 Subnet Table 79 SubnetExample Eight Subnets Subnetting With Class A and Class B Networks IP Subnetting G-1000 User’s GuideCommand Syntax Command InterpreterCommand Usage Appendix HG-1000 User’s Guide Command InterpreterLog Descriptions AppendixTable 84 System Maintenance Logs G-1000 User’s GuideConfiguring What You Want the G-1000 to Log Log CommandsG-1000 User’s Guide Table 85 ICMP Notes continued Table 86 Sys logDisplaying Logs Log Command ExampleTable 87 Log Categories and Available Settings G-1000 User’s GuideLog Descriptions G-1000 User’s GuideAppendix J Antenna CharacteristicsAntenna Selection and Positioning Recommendation Types of Antennas For WLANPositioning Antennas Connector TypeAppendix K Power Adaptor SpecificationsPower Adaptor Specifications G-1000 User’s GuideG-1000 User’s Guide Table 93 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND PLUG STANDARDS Power Adaptor SpecificationsZyAIR G-3000 User’s Guide NumericsIndex FTP 72, 75, 134 Restrictions ZyAIR G-3000 User’s GuideZyAIR G-3000 User’s Guide ZyAIR G-3000 User’s Guide ZyAIR G-3000 User’s Guide