Protecting the information on a disk | Apple 145B specification

Scanning order for startup disks

When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk (a disk containing a System Folder) in the following sequence:

1.internal floppy disk drive (if any)

2.external floppy disk drive (if any)

3.disk (or RAM disk) selected in the Startup Disk control panel

4.internal hard disk

5.external hard disk (if there is more than one, it looks first at the hard disk with the highest SCSI ID number)

6.internal hard disk (the computer returns to this drive and waits another few seconds)

If the computer does not find a startup disk, it displays a blinking question mark in the middle of the screen.

To bypass the internal hard disk in the scanning sequence, press x-Option-Shift-Delete while the computer starts up.

SImportant: If you use an external hard disk, turn it on and wait a few seconds before you turn on your Macintosh, or the computer may not recognize the disk. S

Protecting the information on a disk

The information on a locked floppy disk or in a locked file can be opened or copied but cannot be changed.

Locking a floppy disk

mSlide the tab on the back side of the disk so that the square hole is open.

Use your thumbnail, a push pin, or a similar object to move the tab.

LockedUnlocked

To unlock the disk, slide the tab back so that it covers the square hole.

Chapter 8: Using Disks 117

Image 132

Apple 145B manual Protecting the information on a disk, Scanning order for startup disks, Locking a floppy disk

Contents

Macintosh User’s Guide Apple Computer, Inc Contents Choose a command ChapterWorking on the Desktop Arranging your work space and equipment Contents Open a document Change a document Save your work so farMake more changes Quit a program Change the name of an icon Use the Trash Setting Up Your Programs Part Using Disks 139 141Specifying which items you want opened at startup 146 Printing the contents of a window or the desktop Controlling background printing Working with fonts184 Other ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility Connecting to a shared disk Changing your password196 Using access privileges Access privilege strategiesSetting Scsi ID numbers 214 Shift-click 240Moving, copying, and renaming an icon Making a window the active window Using Caps Lock Typing special characters and symbols Appendix C MapInitializing a disk in MS-DOS format Radio and television interference Xiv How to Use This Book Welcome to MacintoshPage Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook Setting up the computer Plug in the power adapterPower adapter port Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook Open the display Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display Power button Turn on the computer Trouble? Contrast control Brightness control What to do next Reset button Speaker Elevation feet Printer port´ Interrupt button Microphone optional Why back up? Backing up your hard disk What you need Make the copy Click the appropriate choice, as follows Insert a high-density floppy disk into the disk driveInsert metal end first If something happens to your hard disk Turning the PowerBook on and off To turn the PowerBook offConserve power when you won’t be using it for several hours Off To put the PowerBook to sleep SleepAutomatic sleep To turn the PowerBook on When the PowerBook is on, you can do your workOn/off summary An icon near the lower-right corner representing the Trash Trash icon Press and release the reset button Restarting a computer that’s already onChoose Restart from the Special menu Hold down the power button for 5 seconds Restart from a floppy disk Adjust the screen brightness and contrast controls Learning the basicsBefore you begin Take the Macintosh Basics tour first Finding the tour Starting the tour from the hard disk Continues Hhh Now your screen should look like the following illustration Hh h h Starting the tour from a floppy disk After a moment, your screen should look like this Hh h h ± Warning Do not use the computer in or near water Do not drop or jar the computer Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments Do not touch the screen with any sharp or pointed objects Health concerns associated with computer use Repetitive stress injuries Arranging your work space and equipment ChairKeyboard and trackball Change hand positions often to avoid fatigue Mouse Built-in display General suggestions Page Working on the Desktop Use the trackball Point Click Press Drag Choose a command Telling the Macintosh to do something involves two steps Open an icon Click the startup hard disk icon to select itDots, indicating that it has been opened Look at the contents of a window Continues Make a window larger or smaller Active windowSize box Working on the Desktop Click the zoom box near the right end of the title bar Click the zoom box againZoom box Move the hidden contents of a window into view Horizontal scroll bar Scroll arrow Close a window Click the close boxScroll box Close box Move a window Point to the title bar of the active Macintosh HD windowTitle bar What’s on the desktop? Icons represent containers Working on the Desktop Windows let you see what’s inside containers Menus offer you choicesWindows let you see what’s inside all these containers Memo Modifier keys Arrow keysModifier keys Page How to switch between programs Why it’s important to save your work, and how to save itMake sure that your computer is on Open a program Open the Macintosh HD iconOpen the TeachText icon TeachText menus Create a document Save your workYou will be changing this text later in this chapter Choose Save from the File menu Switch programs Type Opening LinesClick Save Hh h Here is another way to make a program active Close a document Close the Opening Lines window Open a document Next step describes a different way to open an iconBecause most Macintosh programs work in similar ways Change a document Now you’re ready to change the text Click the trackball button once With people selected, type the words human beings Now you’ll rearrange some text Save your work so far Save regularly, and save often Make more changes Taking a shortcut Hh h With each other selected, type one another Quit a program With togetherness selected, type brotherhood Make a copy of a document Click the Opening Lines icon to select itTo use memory Quitting a program Prompts you to save your work Change the name of an icon Choose Duplicate from the File menu Use the Trash Press the Return keyPressing Return saves the new name Open the Trash icon Choose Empty Trash from the Special menuClick OK Close the Trash window by clicking its close box Working With Disks Insert a floppy disk Double-sided 800K diskSecond hole Working With Disks Floppy disks and hard disks Initialize a disk Read the message on your screenAnother dialog box appears Click Erase Third dialog box appearsType Practice Copy the contents of a disk Open the Practice folder icon Close all the windows on the Macintosh desktop Take a floppy disk out of its drive Protect the contents of a disk On your own Install your programs Lock the program disk Throw away extra System Folders Look for a System Folder in the program folder Learning More About Your Computer Open the Battery desk accessory Open the PowerBook control panelTo open the PowerBook control panel Choose Control Panels from the Apple K menu Open the PowerBook icon Use Balloon HelpTurn on Balloon Help Many Macintosh programs also have Balloon Help Turn off Balloon Help Click your hard disk icon to select itPoint to the File menu Start learning how to use your application programs Use Part III of this bookAt this point, you could Page Reinstalling system software Reminder Back up Installing your programs Installing programs without a floppy disk driveSetting Up Your Programs Installing system software from floppy disks Press the Return key on your keyboard to continue Checking for computer viruses Insert the remaining disks as the computer prompts you Finding out what programs are open If you give information to other computer users on disksOpen programs Switching programs Hiding and showing windows on the desktop Close the Info window Preferred size must always be larger than Minimum size Using the Scrapbook Storing items in the ScrapbookCopying items from the Scrapbook Deleting items from the Scrapbook Using a RAM disk Remember a few precautions if you use a RAM diskCreating a RAM disk Erasing a RAM disk Resizing or removing a RAM diskDrag the items you want to the RAM disk icon Drag the slider to 0% if you want to remove the RAM disk Monitoring the battery charge level Using the Battery desk accessory101 Responding to low-power messages Battery desk accessory appearsWhat you should do What you should know Recharging the battery Recharging with the power adapterPlug in the power adapter as shown Power adapter port Power Management Power Management To recharge a battery, follow these steps Recharging with a recharger Removing or replacing the battery Place the battery in the recharger as shownDoor is physically attached to the battery Battery Hours Batteries Replacement batteries come with a door attached Maximizing battery life Ways to conserve battery power Maximizing work timeKeep virtual memory turned off in the Memory control panel Adjusting the battery conservation settings Close the PowerBook control panelEasiest approach Your computer’s printer or modem port is in use Using the battery conservation options Don’t sleep when pluggedMore about automatic sleep System Hard disk Processor cycling To turn processor cycling back on, click Allow cycling Preparing a new disk for use Initializing a hard disk Using Disks Click Initialize Click Init to initialize the hard diskName Initializing a floppy disk Third message asks you to name the diskType a name for the disk Erasing a floppy disk Designating a startup diskClick the icon of the disk you want to erase Protecting the information on a disk Scanning order for startup disksLocking a floppy disk Internal hard disk Locking a file Backing up your files Using PowerBook 145B Backup for the first time PowerBook 145B Backup program opensClick the appropriate button Using PowerBook 145B Backup to update your backup copy Hh h Unlock the disk labeled Insert the disk into the floppy disk driveClick the Continue button Locate the PowerBook 145B Restore icon Restoring the information on your hard diskMake sure your Macintosh is off Open the PowerBook 145B Restore icon by double- clicking it A moment you’ll see this screenRespond to any messages you see on the screen Make sure you insert disks in the correct order If you can’t save files on a floppy disk Restoring your System Folder Ejecting a disk If you can’t eject a floppy diskAll three methods also work with CD-ROM discs Disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop Testing and repairing disks Hard disk precautionsCaring for disks If a hard disk icon doesn’t appear Using Disk First Aid Click Open Testing a hard disk For assistance if necessaryHard disk’s Scsi ID number Straightening up your files Using folders to organize your files Creating and naming foldersChoose New Folder from the File menu Type a name for the folder and press Return Its contents Disk named above it Desktop, including other disksName for your Making items easier to find Creating an aliasUses for aliases Choose Make Alias from the File menu Installing an item in the Apple menu Moving an item to the desktopLocating the original of an alias Click the Find Original button Finding an item Finding an item by nameChoose Find from the File menu Click the Find button Finding an item using other criteria Search Type text or setDate here One at a time Location for the search List view Indentation means that an item Outline Ways to use the Find command Finding items that meet two criteriaItems found are shown highlighted in an outline view Hhhh Creating a template or stationery Using the Info window Get Info command displays information about a selected itemGetting information about your files File’s Info window View menu Using the View menu Assigning a label to a fileType of list displayed is underlined Tips on transferring files On floppy disksOn another hard disk Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 145 Installing an item in the Apple menu Installing files in the System FolderSpecifying which items you want opened at startup To have a program or a document open automatically when Removing files from the System Folder MacintoshDesktop Setting the time and date Changing the items in the Label menu Choose Alarm Clock from the Apple K menu Number Turning the alarm off Changing time and date formats Changing the date format Dialog box that appears, make the changes you wantClick OK to close the control panel Changing the time format Make the changes you want Type the currency symbol here To place the currency Make the changes that you want Close the control panel Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works Click the double-clicking speed you want For the delay you want Down, click the button for the rate you wantButton, the keys don’t repeat at all Keyboard layout you want to use Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typing Making keyboard shortcuts easier to typeModifier Sticky Keys Key has been Adjusting the blinking of a menu item Click the button for the blinking rate you want Changing the way the contents of windows appear Changing an icon Select the picture you want to use for the icon Turning off the Empty Trash warning You can turn off this warning in the Trash’s Info box Managing memory Checking memory useMaking the most of your memory Remember the following tips on memory management Adjusting the disk cache Using hard disk space as memory Macintosh HDTotal memory includes Virtual memory Turning on 32-bit addressing Setting the beep sound Drag the slider up or down to set the volumeClick the beep sound that you want your computer to use Close the Sound control panel Installing a sound Removing a sound Recording sounds Your computer Changing the background pattern Type a name for the sound, and click OK Continues Magnifying the screen image To save the new pattern, double-click the sample pattern To turn CloseView on or off, press x-Option-O On or off Before you print Choosing a printer173 If your printer is connected directly to your computer If your printer is connected over a networkClose the Chooser window Printing Choose Chooser from the Apple K menu Click the icon of the printer you want to useClose the Chooser Network that has zones Selecting Page Setup options Printed copy as aPercentage Select enhancements Original’s hsize Easy Install dialog box appears Updating printer software on networked computersMake sure that the hard disk indicated is the correct one Printing your work Choose Print from the File menuPrinter software available Paper-feed Printing the contents of a window or the desktop Solutions to common printing problems Check the cable connections to the printerMake sure that the printer is turned on and warmed up Controlling background printing Working with fonts Outline fonts and bitmap fonts Installing fonts Removing fonts Transferring fonts to a LaserWriter printerLocate and open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon Choose Download Fonts from the File menu Click DonePrinter or its hard disk To the printer Finding out about available fonts Other ways to use the LaserWriter Font UtilityInitializing a hard disk attached to a printer Click Initialize Restarting a LaserWriter printer Turning the printer’s start page on or off Transferring a PostScript file to a LaserWriter Type a name for the log, and then click Save What networking offers 189 Setting up your computer on a network Using Your Computer on a Network Connecting to a network Turning on AppleTalkPrinter port Icon Close the Sharing Setup control panel Naming your computer and its owner Connecting to a shared disk AppleShare icon Click the name of the computer you want to use Click OK Click Guest or Registered UserCapitalization does not need to match You are not Disconnecting from a shared disk Click the name of a shared disk to select itIcon of the shared disk appears on your desktop Connecting quickly to a shared disk Connecting automatically when you start upConnect to a shared disk These Changing your password Working with files and folders on other computersCreating a new folder on another computer Click OK Close the Chooser Your password Bullet appears for each letter you typeClick OK Click OK in the dialog box that appears Click here to change Sharing your own files Giving folder ownership to someone elseHow file sharing works User or group that you named assumes ownership immediately Turning on guest access Turning file sharing onSection labeled File Sharing, click the Start button Open the Guest icon Selecting a folder or disk to share Close the window and click Save in the box that appears Taking back a shared folder or disk Any shared folder or disk can be made private again Naming a registered user Type the name of a person you want to registerTo register more users, repeat steps 2 Setting a registered user’s password Type a password in the User Password box, then press TabNaming a group of users Close the window, and then click Save in the dialog box Seeing who’s in a group Drag user icons to the new group iconTo see the names of all group members, open the group icon You don’t need to include the Guest icon in any group Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk Close the window and click Save in the dialog box To deny access to guests, open the Guest icon Removing a user from a group Removing a user or group from your list of registered users Giving away ownership of a folder or disk on your computer Turning file sharing off Monitoring file-sharing activity Section labeled File Sharing, click the Stop buttonTo turn file sharing off immediately, type the number Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer Gaining access to your computer from another computer Open the owner icon the one with the bold outline Using access privileges Understanding access privileges Setting access privileges to folders and disks There are three types of access to shared itemsSee Files allows people to see, open, and copy files Select a folder or disk Choose Sharing from the File menu Access privilege strategies Choose a registered user or group to share the item withTo prevent the folder from being changed, place an Using Your Computer on a Network Checking your access privileges Folder Using Your Computer on a NetworkWorking with privileges that others have set Plain tab indicates that you can open and use the folder Linking programs Linking to a program on another computerYou can only link to programs that are shared Select the program you want to link to Disconnecting a program link Allowing other people to link to your programsTwo programs are now linked Then you make a program available for linking by sharing it Turning program linking on Selecting a program for linkingOpen the program If the box is dimmed, the program does not support linking Allowing guests to link to your programs Naming specific users to link to your programs Using Scsi devices Scsi port on Macintosh PowerBook computers looks like thisScsi port Scsi port icon 223 Installing software Setting Scsi ID numbersExpanding Your Computer System Small hole gives you access to the ID number switch ID number indicator ID number switchMake sure the Scsi device is turned off Check the ID numbers of all the devices you want to connect Checking that the Scsi chain is properly terminated If you are attaching one Scsi deviceIf you are attaching more than one Scsi device Connecting cables Illustration shows where to add cable terminatorsRepeat for each additional device you want to connect Terminator Connecting a modem Connect the modem to a power source and to the phone lineSee the documentation that came with the modem External modem is ready to use Connecting a printer Connecting a mouse or other ADB device Connecting a microphone Decide where you want to place the microphoneSound output devices Open the door covering the back panel of your computer Adding memory to your computer Traveling with the PowerBook Do not check your computer as baggage. Carry it with you233 Storing the PowerBook Short-term storage up to 2 weeksStore the computer in a cool, dry place Service and support If the PowerBook malfunctions or is damagedPlug in the power adapter or use the recharger Long-term storage more than 2 weeks How to get help Apple Computer, Inc Apple Canada, Inc Customer RelationsMariani Avenue Canada For more information about Macintosh computers Macintosh user groupsTechnical information Apple Technical Library Apda Assistance for hardware and software developers Double-click Shift-clickWorking with icons Selecting icons Working with windows Opening an iconMoving, copying, and renaming an icon Making a window the active window Scrolling through the contents of a window Opening higher-level folder windows Using the outline form in list views Working with menusMenu bar you From here Choosing an item from a menu Choosing an item from a submenuTo choose an item in a submenu KeyAction Selects the next item in the direction of the arrow Troubleshooting PowerBook Computer just stopped Power Battery is draining too fast Battery can’t be recharged Screen Screen looks blurred or out of focus Memory Scsi devices Disk drives and disks See for more information about working with Scsi devices Hard disk keeps stopping and starting again You can’t delete a file on a floppy disk Modems PrintersPrinter may be turned off. Turn it on Network printer keeps restarting Networks Application programs You can’t open a shared disk or folder Message says that a program could not be found Outlined button 259 Using Caps Lock To turn Caps Lock on or off, press the Caps Lock keyAppendix a Keyboard and Character Sets Characters AvailableOption-c Initializing a disk in MS-DOS format Insert a blank disk into your floppy disk drive263 Type a name for the disk, and then click OK Choose Quit from the File menuAppendix B Exchanging Disks and Files With MS-DOS Computers Converting files to and from MS-DOS format MenusDirectory Title or disk Pull down the translation menu you want Click Translate Dimmed when this Other file-conversion optionsItem is checked Setting your location 269 Comparing locations Click the Set buttonYour current location is indicated by a blinking cross Finding a location Adding or removing a location Adding a locationChanging or removing a location Click the Add City buttonPage About This Macintosh command 161, 164 Accent marks, typing AmplifiersPulling down Apple Technical Library Apple II ProDOS file format 263 PowerBook 145B Restore program 8, 119 Battery Conservation settings 87, 109-112, 248Application menu Arrow keys 53, 244 Safety instructions Control panels248 Beep sound Blinking rate Files without a floppy disk drive 92 icons Delete key 57, 259 deletingDesktop Dragging an object on Adjusting speed of 154 icons 62, 96 selecting text by Ergonomics. See comfort tips error messagesConverting to and from stationery Extras folder Sharing command 199, 201-202, 206, 209 209 Changing your password 197-198Backing up 8-12 Closing 60 Program versus document 51-52 RAM disk Finder Aliases forFont menu Fonts 186-188 Passwords Installing programs on 78-79, 82-83, 92 Overview 51Folder ownership Caring for Adjusting blinking of 157 positioning InstallingKey Caps desk accessory 186, 260-261 kilobyte K Types of 50-52 ID numbers. See Scsi ID numbers ImageWriter Background printing with 181 choosing Connecting Macintosh desktop computer, connecting toSetup options for 176 printing on 178-179 restarting Memory RAM virtual memory adding Accessing your own computer ModemsMouse control panel 154 moving Icons 135, 240 text 212-213 Network administrator 190, 193, 197, 198 Network icon Setup options 176-178, 180 passwordsChanging your own 197-198, 212-213 troubleshooting Typing Power adapter port 2 PowerBook 145B Backup program 6 Hard disk sleep adjustment 110, 111, 248 System sleep adjustment 110, 111, 248Installing 174 Disconnecting Installing without a floppy disk drive 92 linking Quit command RAM. See random-access memory RAM RAM diskOpening 56 Adding Save As command 133 Save command 57-58, 66, 140 saving Registered userSystem Folder items Scroll bars Connecting 227 Setting up computer 1-6. See also peripheral devicesScsi icon 223 Network Software drivers 224 Speakers 7 Special characters, typing Special menuFrom floppy disks Startup disk System failures 247System Folder. See also folders On program disks On startup disk 83, 91Translator files 263 Application programs 92, 257-258 battery Modems Networks 212, 254, 255, 256-257 passwordsAutomatically connecting to a shared disk Undo command 258 unlocking Files Finding lost Hiding and showing program 96 moving 49-50 Apple Publishing System