Finding out what programs are open, Switching programs | Apple 145

Working with several programs at a time

You can open as many programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows.

All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.

The Finder icon

Commands to hide or display open windows

Open programs

Checkmark indicates the active program

Finding out what programs are open

If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which program is active and what other programs are open by pulling down the Application menu.

Switching programs

You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its name from the Application menu.

If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its windows.

You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs to an open program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a document that was created with the program).

Hiding and showing windows on the desktop

You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing the Hide Others command from the Application menu.

The other programs remain open even though the windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows are displayed.

If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.

94 Chapter 6: Setting Up Your Programs

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Apple 145 Finding out what programs are open, Switching programs, Hiding and showing windows on the desktop, Open programs

Contents

Macintosh User’s Guide Apple Computer, Inc Contents Chapter Working on the Desktop Setting Up Your Programs Part Using Disks Organizing Your Files Finding out about available fonts Viii Contents178 Other ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility 191 Using access privilegesSetting Scsi ID numbers 197 Shift-Click Travel, Storage, and Service227 234 Printers Troubleshooting PowerBook Screen Memory Scsi devicesUsing Caps Lock Typing special characters and symbols Xii Contents Appendix C Map Welcome to Macintosh Xiii Xiv Radio and television interference Page Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook Power adapter port Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook Setting up the computerPlug in the power adapter Open the display Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display Power button Turn on the computer Trouble? Contrast control Brightness control Insert metal end first Installing system softwarePress the Return key on your keyboard to continue Continuing your work What to do next Speaker Elevation feet Printer port Reset buttonYour computer at a glance ´ Interrupt button Before you begin Adjust the screen brightness and contrast controlsLearning the basics Take the Macintosh Basics tour first Finding the tour Starting the tour from the hard disk Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook Now your screen should look like the following illustration Page Starting the tour from a floppy disk After a moment, your screen should look like this Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook Conserve power when you won’t be using it for several hours Turning the PowerBook on and offTo turn the PowerBook off Off Automatic sleep To put the PowerBook to sleepSleep On/off summary To turn the PowerBook onWhen the PowerBook is on, you can do your work When you turn on your computer Trash icon Choose Restart from the Special menu Press and release the reset buttonRestarting a computer that’s already on Hold down the power button for 5 seconds Restart from a floppy disk ± Warning Do not use the computer in or near water Do not drop or jar the computer Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments Do not touch the screen with any sharp or pointed objects Health concerns associated with computer use Repetitive stress injuries Keyboard and trackball Arranging your work space and equipmentChair Change hand positions often to avoid fatigue Mouse Built-in display General suggestions Page Working on the Desktop Use the trackball Point Click Press Drag Choose a command Telling the Macintosh to do something involves two steps Dots, indicating that it has been opened Open an iconClick the startup hard disk icon to select it Look at the contents of a window Continues Size box Working on the Desktop Make a window larger or smallerActive window Zoom box Click the zoom box near the right end of the title barClick the zoom box again Move the hidden contents of a window into view Horizontal scroll bar Scroll arrow Scroll box Close a windowClick the close box Close box Title bar Move a windowPoint to the title bar of the active Macintosh HD window What’s on the desktop? Icons represent containers Working on the Desktop Windows let you see what’s inside all these containers Windows let you see what’s inside containersMenus offer you choices Memo Modifier keys Modifier keysArrow keys Working on the Desktop Make sure that your computer is on How to switch between programsWhy it’s important to save your work, and how to save it Open the TeachText icon Open a programOpen the Macintosh HD icon TeachText menus You will be changing this text later in this chapter Create a documentSave your work Choose Save from the File menu Click Save Switch programsType Opening Lines Here is another way to make a program active Close a document Close the Opening Lines window Because most Macintosh programs work in similar ways Open a documentNext step describes a different way to open an icon Change a document Now you’re ready to change the text Click the trackball button once With people selected, type the words human beings Now you’ll rearrange some text Save your work so far Save regularly, and save often Make more changes Taking a shortcut With each other selected, type one another Quit a program With togetherness selected, type brotherhood To use memory Make a copy of a documentClick the Opening Lines icon to select it Quitting a program Prompts you to save your work Change the name of an icon Choose Duplicate from the File menu Pressing Return saves the new name Use the TrashPress the Return key Click OK Open the Trash iconChoose Empty Trash from the Special menu Close the Trash window by clicking its close box Working With Disks Second hole Insert a floppy diskDouble-sided 800K disk Working With Disks Floppy disks and hard disks Another dialog box appears Initialize a diskRead the message on your screen Type Practice Click EraseThird dialog box appears Copy the contents of a disk Open the Practice folder icon Close all the windows on the Macintosh desktop Take a floppy disk out of its drive Protect the contents of a disk On your own Install your programs Lock the program disk Throw away extra System Folders Look for a System Folder in the program folderPage Learning More About Your Computer To open the PowerBook control panel Open the Battery desk accessoryOpen the PowerBook control panel Choose Control Panels from the Apple K menu Turn on Balloon Help Open the PowerBook iconUse Balloon Help Many Macintosh programs also have Balloon Help Point to the File menu Turn off Balloon HelpClick your hard disk icon to select it At this point, you could Start learning how to use your application programsUse Part III of this book Page Setting Up Your Programs Before you install, reinstall, or update system software Before you installInstalling system software Installer program opens automatically Easy Install dialog box appears Restart your Macintosh Click the Customize button Installing customized system softwareEasy Install dialog box appears Click Install Starting up with a floppy disk Installing your programs Installing programs without a floppy disk drive Checking for computer viruses Hiding and showing windows on the desktop Switching programsFinding out what programs are open Open programs Close the Info window Preferred size must always be larger than Minimum size Copying items from the Scrapbook Using the ScrapbookStoring items in the Scrapbook Deleting items from the Scrapbook Creating a RAM disk Using a RAM diskRemember a few precautions if you use a RAM disk Click the On button below the words RAM disk Drag the items you want to the RAM disk icon Erasing a RAM diskResizing or removing a RAM disk Drag the slider to 0% if you want to remove the RAM disk Making a RAM disk the startup disk Page 101 Monitoring the battery charge levelUsing the Battery desk accessory What you should do Responding to low-power messagesBattery desk accessory appears What you should know Plug in the power adapter as shown Recharging the batteryRecharging with the power adapter Power adapter port Power Management Power Management To recharge a battery, follow these steps Recharging with a recharger Door is physically attached to the battery Removing or replacing the batteryPlace the battery in the recharger as shown Battery Hours Batteries Replacement batteries come with a door attached Maximizing battery life Keep virtual memory turned off in the Memory control panel Ways to conserve battery powerMaximizing work time Easiest approach Adjusting the battery conservation settingsClose the PowerBook control panel Your computer’s printer or modem port is in use More about automatic sleep Using the battery conservation optionsDon’t sleep when plugged System Hard disk Processor cycling To turn processor cycling back on, click Allow cycling Preparing a new disk for use Initializing a hard disk Hard disk’s Scsi ID number Hard disk’s name Using DisksClick Initialize Click Init to initialize the hard disk Type a name for the disk Initializing a floppy diskThird message asks you to name the disk Click the icon of the disk you want to erase Erasing a floppy diskDesignating a startup disk Locking a floppy disk Protecting the information on a diskScanning order for startup disks Internal hard disk Locking a file If you can’t save files on a floppy disk Backing up your files All three methods also work with CD-ROM discs Ejecting a diskIf you can’t eject a floppy disk Disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop Caring for disks Testing and repairing disksHard disk precautions If a hard disk icon doesn’t appear Using Disk First Aid Click Open Testing a hard disk For assistance if necessary Straightening up your files Choose New Folder from the File menu Using folders to organize your filesCreating and naming folders Type a name for the folder and press Return Filing documents when you save them Uses for aliases Making items easier to findCreating an alias Choose Make Alias from the File menu Locating the original of an alias Installing an item in the Apple menuMoving an item to the desktop Click the Find Original button Choose Find from the File menu Finding an itemFinding an item by name Click the Find button Date here One at a time Finding an item using other criteriaSearch Type text or set Pop-up menu Location for the search Folders Organizing Your Files Items found are shown highlighted in an outline view Ways to use the Find commandFinding items that meet two criteria Creating a template or stationery Getting information about your files Using the Info windowGet Info command displays information about a selected item File’s Info window View menu Type of list displayed is underlined Using the View menuAssigning a label to a file On another hard disk Tips on transferring filesOn floppy disks Page Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 139 Specifying which items you want opened at startup Installing an item in the Apple menuInstalling files in the System Folder To have a program or a document open automatically when Removing files from the System Folder Setting the time and date Changing the items in the Label menu Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off Choose Alarm Clock from the Apple K menu Changing time and date formats Turning the alarm offClick the close box to close the Alarm Clock Click OK to close the control panel Changing the date formatDialog box that appears, make the changes you want Changing the time format Make the changes you want Type the currency symbol here Make the changes that you want Close the control panel Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works Click the double-clicking speed you want Adjusting the way the keyboard works Close the Keyboard control panel Modifier Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typingMaking keyboard shortcuts easier to type Sticky Keys Key has been Adjusting the blinking of a menu item Click the button for the blinking rate you want Changing the way the contents of windows appear Changing an icon Select the picture you want to use for the icon Turning off the Empty Trash warning You can turn off this warning in the Trash’s Info box Making the most of your memory Managing memoryChecking memory use Remember the following tips on memory management Adjusting the disk cache Using hard disk space as memory Turning on 32-bit addressing Click the beep sound that you want your computer to use Setting the beep soundDrag the slider up or down to set the volume Close the Sound control panel Installing a sound Removing a sound Recording sounds Your computer Changing the background pattern Type a name for the sound, and click OK Continues Magnifying the screen image To save the new pattern, double-click the sample pattern Choose Restart from the Special menu Turns CloseView on Inverts screen image 167 Before you printChoosing a printer Close the Chooser window If your printer is connected directly to your computerIf your printer is connected over a network Printing Close the Chooser Choose Chooser from the Apple K menuClick the icon of the printer you want to use Your computer is connected to a Percentage Selecting Page Setup optionsPrinted copy as a Original’s size To the printed image Updating printer software on networked computers Make sure that the hard disk indicated is the correct one Printer software available Printing your workChoose Print from the File menu Paper-feed Printing the contents of a window or the desktop Make sure that the printer is turned on and warmed up Solutions to common printing problemsCheck the cable connections to the printer Current document Controlling background printingClick to stop printing Working with fonts Outline fonts and bitmap fonts Installing fonts Locate and open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon Removing fontsTransferring fonts to a LaserWriter printer To the printer Choose Download Fonts from the File menuFonts you added are listed in the Font Utility dialog box Initializing a hard disk attached to a printer Finding out about available fontsOther ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility Click Initialize Restarting a LaserWriter printer Turning the printer’s start page on or off Transferring a PostScript file to a LaserWriter Type a name for the log, and then click Save What networking offers 183 Setting up your computer on a network Using Your Computer on a Network Printer port Icon Connecting to a networkTurning on AppleTalk Close the Sharing Setup control panel Naming your computer and its owner Connecting to a shared disk AppleShare icon Capitalization does not need to match Click the name of the computer you want to useClick OK Click Guest or Registered User Icon of the shared disk appears on your desktop Disconnecting from a shared diskClick the name of a shared disk to select it Connect to a shared disk Connecting quickly to a shared diskConnecting automatically when you start up Click OK Close the Chooser Changing your passwordCreating a new folder on another computer Bullet appears for each letter you type Click OK Click OK in the dialog box that appears How file sharing works Sharing your own filesGiving folder ownership to someone else User or group that you named assumes ownership immediately Section labeled File Sharing, click the Start button Turning on guest accessTurning file sharing on Open the Guest icon Selecting a folder or disk to share Close the window and click Save in the box that appears Taking back a shared folder or disk Any shared folder or disk can be made private again To register more users, repeat steps 2 Naming a registered userType the name of a person you want to register Naming a group of users Setting a registered user’s passwordType a password in the User Password box, then press Tab Close the window, and then click Save in the dialog box To see the names of all group members, open the group icon Seeing who’s in a groupDrag user icons to the new group icon You don’t need to include the Guest icon in any group Remove the X marks in this row Selecting a user or group to share a folder or diskClose the window and click Save in the dialog box To deny access to guests, open the Guest icon Removing a user from a group Removing a user or group from your list of registered users Giving away ownership of a folder or disk on your computer Turning file sharing off To turn file sharing off immediately, type the number Monitoring file-sharing activitySection labeled File Sharing, click the Stop button Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer Gaining access to your computer from another computer Open the owner icon the one with the bold outline Using access privileges Understanding access privileges See Files allows people to see, open, and copy files Setting access privileges to folders and disksThere are three types of access to shared items Select a folder or disk Choose Sharing from the File menu To prevent the folder from being changed, place an Access privilege strategiesChoose a registered user or group to share the item with Using Your Computer on a Network Plain tab indicates that you can open and use the folder Checking your access privilegesWorking with privileges that others have set To files in this This folder You can only link to programs that are shared Linking programsLinking to a program on another computer Select the program you want to link to Two programs are now linked Disconnecting a program linkAllowing other people to link to your programs Then you make a program available for linking by sharing it Open the program Turning program linking onSelecting a program for linking If the box is dimmed, the program does not support linking Allowing guests to link to your programs Naming specific users to link to your programs Using Your Computer on a Network Scsi port Scsi port icon 217 Using Scsi devicesScsi port on Macintosh PowerBook computers looks like this Expanding Your Computer System Installing softwareSetting Scsi ID numbers Make sure the Scsi device is turned off Small hole gives you access to the ID number switchID number indicator ID number switch Check the ID numbers of all the devices you want to connect If you are attaching more than one Scsi device Checking that the Scsi chain is properly terminatedIf you are attaching one Scsi device Repeat for each additional device you want to connect Connecting cablesIllustration shows where to add cable terminators Terminator See the documentation that came with the modem Connecting a modemConnect the modem to a power source and to the phone line External modem is ready to use Connecting a printer Connecting a mouse or other ADB device Sound output devices Connecting a microphoneDecide where you want to place the microphone Open the door covering the back panel of your computer Adding memory to your computer Page 227 Traveling with the PowerBookDo not check your computer as baggage. Carry it with you Store the computer in a cool, dry place Storing the PowerBookShort-term storage up to 2 weeks Plug in the power adapter or use the recharger Service and supportIf the PowerBook malfunctions or is damaged Long-term storage more than 2 weeks Mariani Avenue How to get helpApple Computer, Inc Apple Canada, Inc Customer Relations CanadaPage Page Selecting icons Shift-clickWorking with icons Hold down the Shift key while clicking Moving, copying, and renaming an icon Working with windowsOpening an icon Making a window the active window Scrolling through the contents of a window Opening higher-level folder windows Using the outline form in list views Working with menus To choose an item in a submenu Choosing an item from a menuChoosing an item from a submenu Drag to the menu item so that the submenu appears Troubleshooting PowerBook Computer just stopped Power Battery is draining too fast Battery can’t be recharged Screen Screen looks blurred or out of focus Memory Scsi devices Disk drives and disks See for more information about working with Scsi devices Hard disk keeps stopping and starting again You can’t delete a file on a floppy disk Printer may be turned off. Turn it on ModemsPrinters Network printer keeps restarting Networks Application programs You can’t open a shared disk or folder Message says that a program could not be found Outlined button 253 Appendix a Keyboard and Character Sets Using Caps LockTo turn Caps Lock on or off, press the Caps Lock key Diacritical mark Key combination Option-cPage Insert a blank disk into your floppy disk drive Initializing a disk in MS-DOS formatLocate the Apple File Exchange icon and open it 257 Type a name for the disk, and then click OK Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files With MS-DOS Computers Disk name Converting files to and from MS-DOS formatFollow these steps to translate an MS-DOS or ProDOS file Pull down the translation menu you want Click Translate Other file-conversion options Page Setting your location 263 Your current location is indicated by a blinking cross Comparing locationsClick the Set button Appendix C Map Finding a location Changing or removing a location Adding or removing a locationAdding a location Click the Add City buttonPage Page Setting About This MacintoshCommand 155, 158 Accent marks, typingNetwork passwords Restricting Application menu Battery Conservation settings 83, 109-112, 242Safety instructions Processor speed Recharging 23, 25, 102-106, 108, 228-229 Virtual memory 157-158Copy command 96 copying Battery conservation 82-83, 109-112, 242 beep soundEasy Access File sharing 194-195, 197-198, 201, 202 Control panels Desktop Currency formats, changingDelete key 53, 253 deleting Dragging an object on Backing up Don’t sleep when plugged in option 110Adjusting speed of 148 icons 58, 94 selecting text by Adding to System Folder 140-141aliases for 203 Changing your password 191-192Copying contents of 74-75, 78-79, 119 double-sided 70 Finder Locking and unlocking 77, 117 obtaining Removing 141, 178 troubleshooting 174, 249 TrueTypeBattery consumption and 101, 104 capacity Caring for Folders 47, 126. See also file sharing System Folder 11-14 Initialize Printer’s Disk commandSaving space on Hard disk icon Failure to appear 121-122opening Key Caps desk accessory 180, 254-255kilobyte K Adjusting blinking of 151 positioningInstalling Background printing with 175 choosing Connecting Mouse control panel 148 moving Icons 129, 234 text Macintosh desktop computer, connecting toViruses Multiple programs Naming Document 53-54, 66-67, 127 a folder An icon 66-67 Network administrator 184, 187, 191, 192 Network icon206-207 Checking your access privileges Connecting to Network 183-216. See also System sleep adjustment 110, 111, 242 Changing your own 191-192, 206-207troubleshootingPreventing automatic sleep while using 110 Battery 171-172 Power problemsPrinter Update document Printing 167-182. See also fonts ProDOS file format 257, 259 program linking Adding Quit command RAM. See random-access memory RAM RAM diskAs startup disk 99, 109 Bit addressing Magnifying image on 164-166opening Position of 3 Connecting 221Changing your password 191-92,206-207connecting to Scroll bars From floppy disks 22 Waking the computer from 10, 17, 18, 110 when to use 18Speakers 9 Special characters, typing 254-255Special menu 239 System Folder Symbols, typingPointing with 7, 32 pressing with 34 using Translator files 257 Undo command 252 unlocking Files Modems Networks 188, 189, 197, 206, 248, 249 PasswordsAutomatically connecting to a shared disk Assigning a password Hiding and showing program 94 moving 45-46 Finding lostViews control panel 136, 152 virtual memory Apple Computer, Inc