294 Glossary
01V—Owner’s Manual
mined by the data resolution, about 6 dB per digital bit. Hence, a 16-bit system theo-
retically provides a 96 dB dynamic range.
Edit buffer—The memory area used to store the current mix settings. When a mix
scene is stored, the Edit Buffer data is stored to the selected scene memory. When a mix
scene is recalled, the data of the selected scene memory is copied into the Edit Buffer.
EFF—Abbreviation for effect.
Emphasis—A technique used to improve the noise performance of first generation
AD/DA converters by boosting analog signals above 3.5 kHz by 6 dB/octav e prior to
A/D conversion. Emphasis was subsequently detected by the D/A conv erter and
de-emphasis applied after D/A conversion. Although not used anymore, emphasis
functions are often provided for compatibility with old digital recordings.
EQ snapshot—A set of EQ settings.
Fade time—The time it takes faders to move to new positions when a mix scene is
recalled. Can be used for crossfading between channels.
Fs—Abbreviation for sampling frequency.
General MIDI (GM)—An extension to the MIDI Standard that, among other things,
states that a General MIDI tone generator must be at least 24-note polyphonic, have 16
parts, and 128 specific preset voices.
GR—Abbreviation for gain reduction.
Initial settings—The settings used when a device is first turned on after leaving the
factory. Also known as the default, or factory settings.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)—A type of display device that uses liquid crystals to
generate characters and graphics.
LED (Light Emitting Diode)—A type of diode that lights up when an electric cur-
rent is applied.
Line-Level Signal—A high-level signal in the range from –20 dB to +20 dB. Most
audio equipment outputs signals at line level. Contrast with Low-Level Signal.
Low-Level Signal—A signal in the range from –100 dB to –20 dB. Microphone and
electric guitar signals are in this range. Contrast with Line-Level Signal.
LSB (Least Significant Byte)—The byte of a digital word that represents the lowest
value. Contrast with MSB.
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)—An internationally agreed stan-
dard that allows electronic musical instruments and audio equipment to communicate.
MIDI Device Number—A numbering scheme used to identify individual devices in
a MIDI system, commonly used for transmitting System Exclusive data.
Mix scene—A set of mixer settings. Just like a play, a piece of music consists of various
scenes, each requiring different mixer settings. Mix scenes are stor ed in sc ene memo-
ries, and can be recalled manually or using MIDI Program Changes, which can be sent
from a computer, MIDI footswitch, keyboard, or sequencer. See also Scene memories.
MMC (MIDI Machine Control)— A set of MIDI messages for controlling record-
ers, video tape machines, and other studio equipment. T ypical MMC commands
include Stop, Play, Rewind, and Pause.
Mdulation—A technique for controlling a signal’s frequency (pitch) or amplitude
(level) using an LFO (low frequency oscillator). The LFO frequency is set using modu-
lation speed parameters and the amount of LFO control is set using modulation depth
parameters.